Modern Technology of Paints, Water based Paints, Paints for Interior, Stoving Enamel Manufacture Formula, Emulsion Paints, Barrel Paints, Coatings, Polyurethane Formulations, Paint Extender, Bituminous Formula with Paint Manufacturing Machines

Modern Technology of Paints, Water based Paints, Paints for Interior, Stoving Enamel Manufacture Formula, Emulsion Paints, Barrel Paints, Coatings, Polyurethane Formulations, Paint Extender, Bituminous based Industrial Products Formula and Allied Products Manufacturing with Paint Manufacturing Machines

The book covers: Pearlescent Pigments, Stoving Enamel Barrel Paints, Water Based Emulsion Paints, Polyurea Coatings and Its Nature, Superhydrophobic Coatings, Formula of Bituminous Based Industrial Products, Understanding The Role of Alkyd Composition in Anticorrosive Coatings, Additives-in-Can and Dry Film Preservatives- Biocides/Fungicides, Paint Manufacturing (Water Based), Properties of Coating Resins, Coating for Transmission Pipelines, Micro Encapsulation, Wall Levelling Applications with Waterproofing Properties, Properties of Emulsion Polymers, Paint Manufacturing Machines (Disperser), Manufacturing with Formulae of Stoving Enamel (Barrel Enamel Castor Green/White), Ultra Sonication for better Pigment Dispersion, Paint Manufacturing Machines, Solventless Polyurethane Adhesive, Polyurethane Formulations Pu-Two Pack Semi Glossy, Paints for Interiors, Formulations of Thermo Setting Acrylics (TSA), Paint Extender, Water Based Road Marking Using Newer Technology for Sustainable and Safer Alternative Coatings, Electrophoric Lacquer Polyurethane (PU) Lacquer (Water Based) In Liquid Form For Electrophoretic Coating Application On Metal Plates, Lacquer Emulsion (High Shine And Medium Shine) For Leather Finishing & N.c.lacquer For Leather Finishing (Formulation & Manufacturing Processes), Glass Coating Solution, Red Oxide Pigments From Iron Pickling Plant Waste, Copper Phthalocyanine Blue & Green, Enamelling Of Copper Wire, Acrylic Emulsion Paints, Plant Economics Of Paint Industry, Plant Economics Of Primer Paints & Enamel Paints, Plant Economics Of Paint And Reducer, Plant Economics Of Primer Paints, Enamel Paints & Distemper, Plants Economics of Varnish (Clear) For Wood (Flame-retarding Type), Poly Vinyl Acetate Emulsion, Project Profile of Emulsion Paints, Project Profile of Wire Enamel, Project of Profile Clear Transparent Lacquer For Coating on Brass Bangles to Make it Weather-resistant.

Modern Technology of PAINTS, WATER BASED PAINTS, PAINTS FOR INTERIOR, STOVING ENAMEL MANUFACTURE FORMULA, EMULSION PAINTS, BARREL PAINTS, COATINGS, POLYURETHANE FORMULATIONS, PAINT EXTENDER, BITUMINOUS BASED INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS FORMULA AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING WITH PAINT MANUFACTURING MACHINES

Surface coating industry is one of the most popular industries. Paints, varnishes and lacquers industry is gaining ground at a rapid pace in modern time accompanied by the closed advance in surface coating technology. They are formulated for specific purposes: outside house paints and exterior varnishes are intended to give good service when exposed to weathering; interior wall paints are formulated to give excellent coverage and good washability, and lacquers are formulated for rapid drying. The varnish is one of the important parts of the surface coating industry. The varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials. They are used to change the surface gloss, making the surface more matte or higher gloss, or to provide the various areas of a painting with a more unified finish. Varnishes are also applied over wood stains as a final step to achieve a film for gloss and protection.

Some products are marketed as a combined stain and varnish. Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color or provide texture to objects. The paint industry volume in India has been growing at 15% per annum for quite some years now. As far as the future growth prospects are concerned, the industry is expected to grow at 12 to 13% annually over the next five years. The  chnology is required to produce a different type of new paints and varnishes based on the different type of uses. The paint and coatings industry plays an integral role in sustainability; coatings protect the objects we depend on every day, preserve our possessions, so they last longer and provide for a sustainable future. They are indispensable products that extend the useful life of everyday objects by acting as a protective barrier. These newer products have enabled paint manufacturers to improve the performance properties of their paints and coatings and so satisfy the more stringent requirements of our modern industrial society. The future for industrial paints, varnishes, and lacquers is bright. In the next few years, its value will go up gradually in line with the global trend.

The major contents of the book are the application of paints,fundamentals of paint, varnishes and  cquers, manufacturing of different type of paints, paint formulation, pigment dispersion, emulsion paints, and so  on.

The book deals with fundamentals of paints, Varnishes, and lacquers, pigments, Oils used in paints and varnishes,solvents, dryers, plasticizers, additives for surface coating,various types of paint manufacturing, etc. The book is very useful for new entrepreneurs, existing units, technocrats,technical institutions and for those who want to diversify in the field of paints manufacturing.

CONTENTS

1. Pearlescent Pigments

• Natural mica
• Metal oxides
• Pearlescent effect
• Interference effect
• Pearlescent pigments in plastics
• Guidelines for use of pearlescent pigments in plastics
• Important tips for molding and extrusion

2. Stoving Enamel Barrel Paints

3. Water Based Emulsion Paints

• General categorisation
• Interior emulsion paints
• Exterior emulsion paints
• Special effect coatings
• Brief description of the above paints
• Interior paints
• Paint manufacturing machines
• Pug mill
• Manufacturing process using pug mill

4. Polyurea Coatings and Its Nature

• Introduction
• Polyurea chemistry
• Raw materials
• Aromatic Based Polyurea
• 1. Isocyanate
• 2. Diluents
• Polyetheramines
• Chain extenders
• Aliphatic Based Polyurea
• Additives
• Isocyanate reaction with water
• Diamine & carbonic acid derivative
• Polyurea vs Polyurethane
• Polyurea application
• Myths

5. Superhydrophobic Coatings

• Introduction
• Quantitative definition
• Factors responsible for wetting of material surface
• The lotus effect
• Attaining superhydrophobicity
• Hydrophobic silica
• Structure
• Synthesis
• Synthesis of Silica Particles
• Processing of silica
• Hydrophobic fumed silica
• Hydrophobicprecipitated silica
• Hydrophobic plasma polymer coated silica
• Aerosol assisted self-assembly
• Treated aggrega ted fumed silica
• Rheology Control
• Synthesis of Silica Aerogels
• Cellulose based superhydrophobic coatings
• Preparation of superhydrophobic coatings
• on cotton textiles
• Experimental procedure
• Materials Required
• Preparation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces
•  Characterization
•  Observations
• Thermogravimetric Analysis

6. Formula of Bituminous Based Industrial Products

• 1) Boiler Composition No. 1
• 2) Authors Special Anti corrosive Black
• 3) Chlorinated Rubber/Coaltar HB Paints
• 4) Sound Deadner Black

7. Understanding The Role of Alkyd Composition in Anticorrosive Coatings

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Experimental
• Materials and methods
• Preparation of Paints
• Application of paints
• Results and discussion
• Water resistance
• Acid resistance
• Alkali resistance
• Salt Spray Results after 300 hrs exposure
• Humidity test

8. Additives-in-Can and Dry Film Preservatives-Biocides/Fungicides

• In-can preservatives
• Dry film preservatives
• Important In-can Biocides
• Important Dry Film Biocide actives
• Interior surfaces
• Exterior Surfaces

9. Paint Manufacturing (Water Based)

• Manufacturing processes prevalent in early days
• Making the paste
• Dispersing the pigments
• Thinningthe paste
• Canning the paint
• Manufacturing process in pug mills
• Manufacture of paints in high speed disperser
• Post production quality control checks
• Appllication test
• Retention sampieof the product
• Filling and stacking of the packed paint

10. Properties of Coating Resins

11. Coating for Transmission Pipelines

• Coatings to protect pipelines
• Coating selection consideration
• Requirements of coating for line-pipes
• Coating Application
• Surface Preparation
• Chromate pre-treatment
• Method of application of coating
• System for transmission pipelines
• Internal flow coatings
• FBE as Internal Pipe Coating
• Internal chemical resistance coating
• External anticorrosion coating
• Single layered fusion bonded epoxy (FBE)
• FBE as dual coating
• FBE as Primary Coating for 3-Layer System
• FBE as a primer
• Adhesive layer coating
• Field joint coating
• Future of pipeline coating technology

12. Micro Encapsulation

• Micro Encapsulation
• Micro-capsule
• Core
• Shell
• Permeable shells
• Semi - permeable shells
• Impermeable shells
• Morphology of capsules
• Micro encapsulation techniques
• Chemical Process
• Interfacial polymerization (IFB)
• In-situ Polymerization
• Physical processes
• Physico - chemical process:
• Coacervation:
• Layer-By-Layer (LBL) assembly:
• Polymer Encapsulation by Rapid expansion of
• super- critical fluids
• Rapid Expansion of Supercritical solution (RESS)
• Cos Anti Solvent (GAS):
• Particles from a gas saturated solution (PCSS)
• Physico - Mechanical process
• Co-Extrusion
• Spinning disc:
• Release profiles & mechanisms
• Triggered release
• Sustained release
• Burst release
• Applications
• Specific applications in surface coatings
• Temperature regulating coatings
• Polymer encapsulated inorganic pigments

13. Wall Levelling Applications with Waterproofing Properties

• Introductions
• Self-curing
• Redispersible Polymer Powder (RDP)
• Scope and objective
• Materials
• Instrumenstused
• Casting and curig of speciman
• Compressive and flexural Strength
• Water absorption
• Dry adhesion
• Flexural strength
• Compressive strength
• Dry adhesion
• Recommendations for future scope of work

14. Properties of Emulsion Polymers

• Types of Emulsion Polymers:
• Opaque polymers
• A high cost of hiding

15. Paint Manufacturing Machines (Disperser)

• High speed dispersers
• What is a disperser?
• How does it work?
• How to select the proper size disperser?
• How to select a proper size tank for a disperser?
• How to select a proper size blade for a disperser?
• What type of blade is best for the disperser?
• What safest measures should be followed and why?

16. Manufacturing with Formulae of Stoving Enamel (Barrel Enamel Castor Green/White)

17. Ultra Sonication for better Pigment Dispersion

• Introduction
• Ultrasonic
• Ultrasonic cavitations
• Type of Cavitations
• Collapse of transient cavities
• UltraSonic dispersion equipments
• Lab ultrasonifictors instruments:
• Titanium Probes
• Titanium Probes

18. Paint Manufacturing Machines

• Horizontal mills
• Ball mills

19. Solventless Polyurethane Adhesive

• Introduction
• Solventless laminating adhesive
• History of solventless PU adhesive
• First generation solventless adhesive
• Fourth generation solventless adhesive
• Advantages of solventless polyurethane adhesive
• Drawbacks of solventless polyurethane adhesive
• New trends / developments

20. Polyurethane Formulations Pu-Two Pack      Semi Glossy

21. Paints for Interiors

• Typical interior painting schemes
• Typical interior painting systems
• Prepping walls for painting
• Choosing the right interior paint finish
• Factors considered when selecting a paint finish
• Cleanability and durability
• Kid-Friendlyfinishes
• Rustic looks
• High gloss looks
• Ceiling paint
• Ceiling finishes
• Kitchens and baths
• Sheen finish exterior: Shiner, more durable

22. Formulations of Thermo Setting Acrylics (TSA)

23. Paint Extender

•       Particle Shape — Flat Platv Extenders

24. Water Based Road Marking Using Newer Technology for Sustainable and Safer Alternative Coatings Road Safety: Indian Scenario

• Role of Road Markings in Safety
• Types of Road Marking Materials
• Key characteristics of road marking
• Retro reflectivity
• Start point Formulation & Paint Properties

25. Electrophoric Lacquer Polyurethane (PU) Lacquer (Water Based) In Liquid Form For Electrophoretic Coating Application On Metal Plates

• Anodic Deposition
• Pigmentation
• Cathodic Deposition In Electrophoresis Process
• Reactions At The Cathode Surface
• Electrophoretic Polyurethane Coating (Liquid)
• Lacquer Manufacturing
• Preparation Of Water Soluble Polyure-thane
• Resin Component
• Manufacturing Process (Formulation No 1)
• Addition of Additives
• Plant Economics of Electrophoretic Polyurethane
• Coating Lacquer
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

26. Lacquer Emulsion (High Shine And Medium Shine) For Leather Finishing & N.c.lacquer For Leather Finishing (Formulation & Manufacturing Processes)

• Formulations of Lacquer Emulsion (High Shine
• and Medium Shine) For Leather Finishing
• First Finish
• Second Finish (Medium Shine)
• Top Finish (High Shine)
• Other Formulations of Finishing of Leather
• Glazed Finish.
• Lazed Finish
• Glazed Finish
• Process
• Wax Emulsion For Finishing of Leather
• Process
• Formulations of N.c. Lacquer For Leather
• Finish (Nitrocellulose Leather Finish)
• Clear Leather N C Lacquer
• Manufacturing Process of N C Lacquer For
• Leather Finishing

27. Glass Coating Solution

• Water Soluble Formula
• Water - Soluble Formulation
• Water Based Lacquers For Glass Sheet Coating

28. Red Oxide Pigments From Iron Pickling Plant Waste

• Pickling Process
• Reactions During Pickling Operation

29. Copper Phthalocyanine Blue & Green

• Manufacturing Process
• Pigment Manufacture

30. Enamelling Of Copper Wire

• Manufacturing Process
• 1. Coating Of Wire With Enamel:
• 2. Banking Of Enameled Copper Wire:

31. Acrylic Emulsion Paints

• Manufacturing Process
• Formulations
• Thixotropic Paint Emulsions
• Zirconium Complexes
• Gloss Paints
• Core Latex Emulsions
• Procedure
• Technical Acrylic Emulsions

32. Plant Economics Of Paint Industry

• Formulations For Dry Distempers
• Manufacturing Process
• Lime Colors
• Dry Distemper
• Oil Bound Distemper
• Glue Or Casein Based Oil Bound Distemper
• Red Oxide Primer
• Different Formulations Of Cement Paint
• Plant Economics Of Paints & Thinners
• Plant & Machinery

33. Plant Economics Of Primer Paints & Enamel Paints

• Formulations Of Paint Primers
• Paint Primer:
• Exterior House Paint Primer (Linseed Oil)
• Exterior House Paint Primer (Alkyd)
• Plant Economics Of Primer Paints & Enamel Paints
• Plant & Machinery

34. Plant Economics Of Paint And Reducer

• Lime Colours & Dry Distemper
• Lime Colours
• Formation Of Blue Lime Colour
• Dry Distempers
• Formulation For Dry Distemper
• General Dry Distemper:
• Manufacturing Process
• Lime Colors
• Dry Distemper
• Oil Bound Distemper
• Linsed Oil Containing (0.02%)
• Composition
• Plastic Wall Distemper Formula
• Enamel Paints
• White Alkyd Glass Enamels
• Black Alkyd Gloss Enamel

35. Plant Economics Of Primer Paints, Enamel Paints & Distemper

• Formulations of Paint Primers
• House Paint Under Coater
• Paint Primer
• Exterior House Paint Primer (Linseed Oil)
• Physical Constants
• Exterior House Paint Primer (Alkyd)
• Physical Constants
• Formulations of Enamel Paints
• Formulation Notes
• Physical Constants
• Enamel Formula
• Physical Constants of Blend
• White Aerosol Enamel
• Water & Oil Based Distemper
• Formulations
• Oil Bound Distemper (White)
• Manufacturing Process
• Plant & Machinery

36. Plants Economics of Varnish (Clear) For Wood (Flame-retarding Type)

• Various Formulation of Clear Varnish For Wood
• (Flame Retarding Type)
• Procedure
• Formulation No 4 (Soft-oil Rubbing Varnish)
• Manufacturing Process of Clear Wood Varnish
• (Flame Retarding Type)
• Weighing of The Raw Materials
• Plant Economics of Clear Wood Varnish
• (Flame-retarding Type)

37. Poly Vinyl Acetate Emulsion

• Formulations For Highly Branched Polyvinyl
• Acetate Emulsions
• Manufacturing Process
• Poly Vinyl Acetate Emulsion For Textile
• Plant Economics of Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion

38. Project Profile of Emulsion Paints

• Water Based Emulsion Point For Road
• Marking & Aerodrome Runway
• Theory
• Raw Materials Required
• Process of Manufacture:
• Formulations
• Thixotropic Paint Emulsions
• Zirconium Complexes
• Thixotropic Emulsion Paints
• Plant Economics of Emulsion Paints

39. Project Profile of Wire Enamel

• Types Of Insulating Varnish
• I. Baking-type Insulating Varnishes
• 1. Oleresinous Varnishes
• 2. Oil-modified Synthetic Resins Varnishes
• 3. Amine/Alkyd Varnishes
• 5. Silicone Varnishes
• II. Air-drying Insulating Varnishes
• 1. Spirit Varnishes
• 2. Oleoresinous Varnishes
• 3. Alkyd Varnishes
• 4. Varnishes For Tropical Finishing
• III. Other Types of Insulating Varnishes
• 1. Solventless Varnishes
• 2. Core Plate Varnishes
• 3. Casting Resins
• 4. Super Enamels
• 5. Mica Sticking Varnishes
• Plant Economics of Wire Enamels
• (Poly Vinyl Butyral Based)

40. Project of Profile Clear Transparent Lacquer For Coating on Brass Bangles to Make it Weather-resistant

• Manufacturing Process
• Formulation (Clear Brass Lacquer)
• Celluloid Lacquers
• Lacquer For Copper:
• Gold Lacquer's (For Brassware):
• Plant Economics of Clear Transparent Lacquer
• For Coating on Brass Bangles

LIST OF TABLES

• Table 1.1: Chemical composition of V-1 muscovite mica:
• Table 4.1: Formulation Basics vs. Technology Type
• Table 4.2: Relative Reaction Rates of Isocyanate with Active Hydrogen Compounds
• Table 5.1: Surface energies and contact angles on smooth surfaces of some materials.
• Table 5.2: Values of various contact angles for different Textile Samples.
• Table 7.1: Characteristics of the glycerol based alkyds
• Table 7.2: Characteristics of the TMP based atkyds
• Table 7.3. Characteristics of the pentaerythritol based alkyds.
• Table 7.4. Formulation of paints
• Table 7.6: Rating chart of water resistance
• Table 7.7: Rating chart of acid resistance
• Table 7.8: Observation-chart of panels after exposure of 300 hrs.
• Table 13.1: Commercial available Powder-latex polymers uses
• Table 13.2: Specifications of Redispersible polymers
• Table 13.3: Expremental work & analysis method.
• Table - 24.1: Comparative study of different road marking technologies

LIST OF FIGURES

• Fig. 1.1: Muscovite grade mica flakes
• Fig. 1.2: Borosilicate flakes.
• Fig. 1.3: Fluorophlogophite (synthetic mica).
• Fig. 1.4: Pearlescent effect due to reflection, refraction and interference of light
• Fig. 1.5: Interference pattern of TiO2 coated Mica.
• Fig. 1.6: Interference colours of mica based pearlescent pigment
• Fig. 1.7: Iron oxide coated mica, bronze pearl pigment.
• Fig. 4.3: Methylene Diisocyanate Structure
• Fig. 4.4: Carbamate Structure
• Fig. 4.5: Carbamate Structure
• Fig. 4.6: DETDA; 80, 20 Isomer
• Fig. 4.7: N, N”-Dialkyl Methylene Dianiline
• Fig. 4.8: Isophorone Diisocyanate
• Fig. 4.9: Isophorone Diamine Structure
• Fig. 4.13: Polyaspartic Ester Amine Resin
• Fig. 4.16: Plural component equipment
• Fig. 4.17: Main applications areas for polyurea
• Fig. 5.1: Contact angle demonstration of hvdrophobicity
• Fig. 5.2: Nano scale projections which prevent contact with water drops
• Fig. 5.3: Lotus leaf and its self cleansing property
• Fig. 5.4: Microscopic view of water droplet on Lotus leaf
• Fig. 5.5: Taro leaf with its self-cleansing effect
• Fig. 5.6: Strategies used to attain superhydrophobicity by combining low surface energy coatings and surface roughness.
• Fig. 5.7: Different kinds of orthorhombic Bravais lattice
• Fig. 5.8: Morphology of silica particles
• Fig. 5.9: The CONTACT ANGLE (CA) measurement carried out on the coating with 15 wt.% of P-SiO2(A)in ethanol and silica sol as solvents. Silica coatings with 15 wt. % of (P-SiO2(A) or P-SiO2(B)) in ethanol exhibits a CA of ~36°. The coatings made using 15 wt. % of (P-SiO2(A) or P-SiO2(B)) in silicasol as solvent are hydrophobic with maximum CA of ~ 110°.
• Fig. 5.10: Chemical Structure of Cellulose
• Fig. 5.11: Scheme for esterification reactions of cellulose.R is a long Fluorine containing or hydrocarbon chain
• Fig. 5.12: Routes for “graft-on-graft”architectures to producesuper-hydrophobic cellulose
• Fig. 5.13: Schematic illustration of the modification of cellulose with organometallic compounds.
• Fig. 5.14: Schematic pulsed laser deposition system demonstrating deposition of Polytetraflouroethylene over cotton fibre
• Fig. 5.15: Schematic representation of development of superhydrophobic surface on cotton textiles
• Fig.5.16: Thermal Decomposition Curves for samples A0, A1, A3 and AS on heating to 600°C. (Source: ‘Preparation Of Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Cotton Textiles’ by Chao-Hua Xue, Shun-Tian Jia, fing Zhang, Li-Qiang Tian, Hong-Zheng Chen and Mang Wang)
• Fig. 5.17: Variation in contact angle with time for different compositions of TiO2. Curve marked ‘2’ shows least variation in contact angle values
• Fig. 7.1: Illustration of ratio of different components used in the sysnthesis of glycerol based alkyds.
• Fig. 7.2: Illustration of ratio of different components used in the sysnthesis of IMP based alkyds.
• Fig. 7.3: Illustration of ratio of different components used in the sysnthesis of Penta erythritol based alkyds.
• Fig. 7.4: Shows the exposed panels of different alkyd system both with bare and phosphate mild steel panels
• Fig. 9.1: A typical sand mill
• Fig. 9.2
• Fig. 11.1: Pipe roughness vs Maximum flow rate
• Fig. 11.2: Internal flow efficiency coating for pipelines, an epoxy-based coating.
• Fig. 11.3: Single layer FBE
• Fig. 11.5: Multipurpose Dual Layered FBE
• Fig. 11.6: 3-layer polyolefin coating systems utilize FBE as primary layer
• Fig. 11.7: Concrete coating on top of the 3-layer anticorrosion coating
• Fig. 11.8: Concrete-coating processes
• Fig. 11.9: A typical field joint before coating.
• Fig. 11.10: fitting of the infill former in the field joint coating station (left) and a typical field Joint after coating (right). The infill former and the concrete coating are approximately flush and aligned
• Fig. 11.11: Self-healing and Damage tolerant coating: Future Technology
• Fig. 12.1 Schematic of a carbonless paper containing micro encapsulated ink
• Fig. 12.2 Schematic of a micro capsule
• Fig. 12.3: Morphology of microcapsule
• Fig. 12.4: SCM of Microcapsule containing aqueous core and silicone shell prepared through in-situ polymerization
• Fig. 12.5: Schematic representation of Cocervatiocess
• Fig. 12.6: Gelatin material containing a phase change material prepared by Coacervation process
• Fig. 12.7: Schematic representation of RESS process.
• Fig. 12.8: Schematic representation ot Co-extrusion process.
• Fig. 12.9: Schematic representation of Spinning disc process
• Fig.12.10: Schematic of better dispersion of polymer encapsulated TiO2 in water based paint system.
• Fig. 12.11: Schematic of microcapsule based self healing mechanism in coatings
• Fig. 12.12: UP microcapsules filled with poly butene.
• Fig. 12.13: Microcapsules release healant when damaged.
• Fig. 12.14: SEM image of microcapsule containing ELO inside a shell of PVP
• Fig. 12.15: SEM image of microcapsule after release of ELO.
• Fig. 12.16: TEM of latex particle without clay
• Fig. 12.17: TEM of latex particle with clay.
• Fig. 12.18: Schematic illustration of a pre-emptive healing system
• Fig. 12.19: Microcapsule containing water & hard polymer shell
• Fig. 12.20: Water escapes from the micro capsule
• Fig. 12.21: Air becomes the core
• Fig. 12.22: Resultant light scattering effect
• Fig. 12.23: Schematic of microcapsule induced corrosion protection due to change in pH
• Fig. 12.24: Schematic of oil core microcapsule containing indicators Rhodamine B; Phenolphthalein; & a universal pH indicator (left to right) Contents
• Fig. 13.1: Four long side were coated with wax.
• Fig. 13.2: Bubbles at the surface due air-entrapment tendency
• Fig. 13.3: Flexural Strength of Coating modified with different RDP at 35% water ratio.
• Fig. 13.4: Compressive strength of coating modified with different RDP.
• Fig. 13.5: Water absorption of coating modid with different RDP.
• Fig. 13.6: Dry adhesion strength of coating modified with different RDP.
• Fig. 15.1: Paint mixing in process
• Fig. 15.2. Tank and blade design
• Fig. 17.1. Separation of agglomerates
• Fig. 17.2. Ultrasonic instrument/sonicator
• Fig. 17.3. Sonicator with recirculation system
• Fig. 17.4. Sltrasonic Milling of TiO2 (red: before ultrasonication; green: ultrasound 250s/ml; yellow: ultrasound 500Ws/ml) 190
• Fig. 17.5. Carbon Black Pigments, ultrasonically ersed in UV ink (resolution 100x)
• Fig. 17.6. Particle Size Distribution of Carbon Black before (green curve) and after (red curve) ultrasonication
• Fig. 17.7. Microscope progress images of ultrasonic milling of oil-based magenta pigment (resolution 100x)
• Fig. 17.8. Polymer particle in nanoreactors
• Fig. 24.1: Reveals that 35.5% of total accidental death (natural and un-natural) was caused by road accidents
• Fig. 24.2: Illustrates three types of reflection
• Fig. 24.3: General principle of Retro–reflection
• Fig. 24.4: Different readings of RA, where 100 MCD is the least which a road marking paint need to perform.
• Fig. 24.5: Magnified view of embedded glass beads
• Fig. 24.6: Typical composition of waterborne and solvent-borne traffic paints 
• Fig. 24.7: Life cycle Assessment Road Marking Technologies ECO – Profile.
• Fig. 24.9: WB paint with improved DPUR (on the left) applied in Sapin
• Fig. 24.10: 2 Years on Concrete surface
• Fig. 24.11: Retro - reflectivity of Road Marking Technologies
• Fig. 24.12: Glass beads retention in solvent based and Fastrack technology