Detailed Project Report on Organic Farming

ORGANIC FARMING

[EIRI/EDPR/1099] J.C: 9743

INTRODUCTION

Vegetation like all living things requires certain foods for its survival and growth. For this purpose fertilizers or farming are the materials to be added to the soil and sometimes to foliage to supply nutrients to sustain plants and promote their abundant and fruitful growth. The elements that constitute these plants foods are divided into three classes.

1. Primary Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (usually expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O)

2. Secondary - calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and Sulphur (S)

3. And Minor or so called micro nutrients iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), boron (B) and molybdenum. In addition to their role as nutrients calcium and magnesium are important in adjusting the pH and filth of the soil.

Most of the farming of organic origin (animal or plant) contain several plant nutrients (particularly N & P as well as smaller quantities of K and trace elements) although in considerably lower concentration than in inorganic fertilizers organic farming however should be valued not only for their nutrient content but rather for thin beneficial effect on the soil. The organic matter promotes the microbial processes in the soil, improves the soil structure, aeration and water holding capacity. It has a regulating effect on the soil temperature, delays the fixation of mineral phosphoric acid and supplies organic decomposition acid and supplies organic decomposition products. Which aid the growth. Moreover, it is a source of slow and uniformly active nitrogen and consequently has a beneficial influence on the protein content of plants.

By virtue of these properties, organic farming often create the condition necessary for the successful use of inorganic fertilizers. It is only the co-operation of organic manures which improve the soil properties on the one hand and the inorganic fertilizers which supply plant nutrients on the other, those ideal environmental conditions can be provided for the crop.

Organic substance which have a very low nitrogen content or a high C/N ratio, can given rise temporarily to nitrogen deficiency in plant and consequently reduce the yield. The micro organism requires certain quantities of nitrogen for the breakdown of the organic matter in the soil, and if these are not present in adequate amounts in the organic matter, they withdraw from the soil, the micro organism require the nitrogen for building up their iron body substance. It is only after the death of the micro-organism that this temporary fixed nitrogen is set free again.

All the nutrient elements are prevent to some extent in soil or other natural materials in forms useful for the plants but, with the frequent exception of micro-nutrients such supply in generally not adequate for sustained aid economic production of crops.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            15,000 MT/Annum

Land & Building (3000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 3.31 Cr

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 47.45 Lac

Working Capital for 3 Months    Rs. 1.35 Cr

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 5.53 Cr

Rate of Return                          24%

Break Even Point                      56%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF ORGANIC FARMING

PROPERTIES

USES & APPLICATIONS

B.I.S. SPECIFICATION

MARKET POSITION WITH FUTURE DEMAND

PLANS TO AUGMENT SUPPLIES

FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY AND FOOD PRODUCTION

RAW MATERIALS

PROCESS OF MANUFACACTURE

FROM FARMYARD FARMING:-

COMPOSTING:-

PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOST

COMPOSTING PLANT

COMPOSTING SYSTEM

EXAMPLE

ORGANIC COMPOST

EXAMPLE 1

METHOD FOR COMPOSTING SLUDGE

VERMICULTURE COMPOSTING DEVICE

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPOSTING SOLID WASTE AND SLUDGE

METHODS FOR TREATING AGRICULTURAL WASTE AND PRODUCING PLANT GROWTH-ENHANCING MATERIAL

EXAMPLE 1

GLADIOLI BULB EXPERIMENT

EXAMPLE 2

GLADIOLI BULB EXPERIMENT

EXAMPLE 3

METHOD OF BUTANE ENHANCED SUNFLOWER PLANT GROWTH IN SAND

EXAMPLE 4

METHOD OF BUTANE ENHANCED CORN GROWTH IN SAND USING BUTANATED WATER

COMPOST GRANULATION METHOD

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY

STORAGE TANKS

SEPARATOR

COOLING TANK

FILTER PRESS

PULVERIZER

GRINDING MILLS

BOILER

TRAY DRYER

SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)