Detailed Project Report on Dairy Farm (Cow & Buffalow) to Produce Milk & Packaging in Pouches

DAIRY FARM (COW & BUFFALOW) TO PRODUCE MILK & PACKAGING IN POUCHES

[EIRI/EDPR/1088] J.C.: 9732

INTRODUCTION

Dairy Farming in India 

It is seen at most places that a Dairy Farmer is not aware of the economics of his day to day business. This is because Dairy has been a traditional form of business, which is being carried on by generations together. The pattern particularly of the feeding & watering has been quite the same for a long time.

It is commonly seen that most of the Farmers who keep animals for Milk have very little or NO idea about the expenses (per day) invloved in raising the animals. It is interesting to note that the farmer is even unaware of the fact that the feeding cost of his animal comprises of more than 80% of the total cost of raising the animals.

Perhaps the main reason for this may be as he grows the majority of the fodder in his own land he has never bothered about its cost.

Pertaining to the feeding & drinking habits many fallacies (misconceptions) exist viz.

1. It is advisable to feed animal with wet/cooked feed.

Scientifically the feed fed to animal should be chewed (& ruminated) so that the saliva mixes with the feed. The saliva contains phosphates & bicarbonates, which help in maintaining the pH of the Rumen, which help in proper digestion of the Feed. Good digestion ensures wellbeing & the production is dependent on the same.

If the feed fed to animal is wet or cooked then chewing does not take place resulting in imbalance of the Ruminal pH which is very vital for proper digestion.

This will ultimately affect the Milk production (which will be low in this case).

2. Water requirement can be fulfilled with 2/3 times in a day.

To produce one litre of Milk it is essential to drink minimum 5 litres of water thus animal giving about 10 litres of milk daily should drink more than 50 litres of water. This requirement is only for Milk but animal also has to maintain itself as well as reproduce thus an animal giving 10 litres of milk has to consume at least 75 litres of water daily; which is just not possible by offering animal water only about 2/3 times during the day.

The animal should be giving clean water as many times as possible. If this is done then automatically increase in milk production is seen.

It should be noted that milk contains about 83-87% of water.

3. Animal should be fed continuously throughout the day.

If the animal is fed round the clock then it will not get any time to ruminate. If there is no time to ruminate then the digestion will not be proper as the feed mixing with saliva (due to rumination) will not take place. Thus the milk production will be decreased due to impaired digestion.

4. Animal gives more milk with more concentrate feed.

The animal's stomach is a complex structure containing 4 parts. Unlike simple stomach it requires more fibre for complete & balanced feeding. It has been made in such a way that animal has to consume green & dry grasses for efficient digestion & conversation into Milk. (The concentrates are being fed as the grasses in India are poor in general quality as regards CP/EE/Energy value etc). Feeding animal more concentrates will lead to decrease in salivary output upon which ruminal pH is dependent. This will lead to acidosis by which depression in milk fat will be seen. For getting more milk with better Fat% it is essential to give grasses (dry as well as green) which help proper digestion as this will result in maintenance of Ruminal pH due to continual rumination resulting in better production.

It should also be noted that giving more concentrates (more protein & energy) than required will lead into Animal spending more energy to breakdown these proteins which on the contrary should have been utilized for milk production. It is also seen that feeding more protein leads to reproductive problems.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            5000 Ltr./Day

Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 2.33 Cr

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 51.60 Lac

Working Capital for 1 Month    Rs. 38.93 Lac

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 4.08 Cr

Rate of Return                          39%

Break Even Point                      39%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1. IT IS ADVISABLE TO FEED ANIMAL WITH WET/COOKED FEED.

2. WATER REQUIREMENT CAN BE FULFILLED WITH 2/3 TIMES IN A DAY

3. ANIMAL SHOULD BE FED CONTINUOUSLY THROUGHOUT THE DAY

4. ANIMAL GIVES MORE MILK WITH MORE CONCENTRATE FEED

5. THE ANIMAL'S MINERAL REQUIREMENT IS MET TOTALLY THROUGH THE FEED & FODDER

6. NATURAL SERVICE IS BETTER THAN ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

7. ANIMAL SHOULD FED ONLY GRASS DURING THE DRY PERIOD

INDIAN STANDARDS

2. THE HEAT-TREATMENT FOR THE VARIOUS DESIGNATED MILKS SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS:

COMPOSITION OF MILK

(1)  THE AVERAGE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF DIFFERENT SPECIES IS GIVEN IN TABLE 1.10

TABLE 1.10: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF DIFFERENT SPECIES

TABLE 1.11: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF INDIAN BREEDS

TABLE 1.12: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF FOREIGN BREEDS OF COW

THE DETAILED COMPOSITION OF MILK IS GIVEN IN TABLE 1.13

INORGANIC AND ORGANIC IONS AND SALTS

WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK

TABLE 1.15: BACTERIOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF RAW MILK

PROPERTIES OF MILK

TABLE: QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR MILK AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

CATTLE FEED

IN GENERAL PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING COPOSITION IS FOLLOWED FOR CATTLE FEED

SOME MORE FORMULATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:-

CATTLE DESEASE AND TREATMENT

1. ACETONAEMIA: -

2. AMOHISTOMIASIS:

3. ANAPLASMOSIS: -

5. BABESIOSIS: ALSO KNOWN AS TICK FEVER.

6. BLACK-QUARTER:-

7. BRONCHITIE: -

8. BRUCELLOSIS: ALSO KNOWN AS CENTAGIOUS ABORTION.

9. DIAGNOSIS:- BASED ON BACTERIOLOGIC EXAMINATION.

10. DIARRHOES:-

12. FASCIOLIASIS: ALSO KNOWN AS LIVER FLUKE DISEASE.

13. HAEMORRHAGIE SEPTICAEMIA (H.S.):-

14. ANTIBIOTICS:

MARKET SURVEY

THE INDIAN DAIRY FARM

EMERGING NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA

NEW PRODUCTS AND PROCESSING

MILK PRODUCTION, 2004-2010

DAIRY FARM:

SUPPLIERS OF CATTLES

CATTLE FEED MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS

STOCKISTS & DISTRIBUTION OF VETERINARY MEDICINES

USE OF MILK

BUFFALO MILK VS. COW MILK

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

THE DETAILED PROCESS IS GIVEN HERE WITH:-

MILKING COWS BY HAND

COOLING & STORING MILK

FILTRATION:

STANDARDIZATION

HOMOGENIZATION:

CLARIFICATION:

PASTEURIZATION:-

REFRIGERATION OR FREEZING SYSTEM

TESTING:-

PACKING:-

MANUFACTURE, PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF PASTEURIZED MILK

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

ENHANCED MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY CATTLE

EXAMPLE 1

PREPARATION OF SILAGE FROM A BROWN MIDRIB HYBRID

EXAMPLE 2

FORMULATION OF A DAIRY CATTLE FEED RATION

EXAMPLE 3

MILK PRODUCTION USING BMR SILAGE IN A DAIRY CATTLE RATION

TABLE 5

INSTRUCTIONS FOR BODY CONDITION SCORING

SCORE DEFINITION

EXAMPLE 4

DEVELOPMENT OF BM HYBRIDS

EXAMPLE 5

FORMULATION OF A DAIRY CATTLE FEED RATION

EXAMPLE 6

MILK PRODUCTION USING BMR SILAGE IN A DAIRY CATTLE RATION

EXAMPLE 7

MILK PRODUCTION USING A BMR SILAGE RATION AND BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN

METHOD FOR INCREASING MILK PRODUCTION IN LACTATING DAIRY CATTLE

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1

RESULTS

EFFECT OF CAP-SHURE CHOLINE CHLORIDE ON MILK PRODUCTION FOR COWS PROVIDED 21 DAYS PRIOR TO CALVING AND TO FRESH COWS

METHOD OF AUTOMATICALLY MILKING A DAIRY ANIMAL

MILK MEASUREMENT AND MILK COLLECTION

MILKING APPARATUS

PROCESS FOR SEPARATION OF RAW MILK INTO CREAM AND SKIM MILK WHICH IS PASTEURIZED

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CONDENSED MILK

DAIRY CONSULTANTS

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES

BOILERS

COMPLETE PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS

DAIRY PROCESSING PLANT

SUPPLIERS OF POUCHES POUCHES FILLING & SEALING MACHINES

FORM FILL & SEAL PACKAGING MACHINES

MILKING MACHINES

PLANT LAYOUT

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)