Citric Acid Using Corn (66 MT per day)

CITRIC ACID USING CORN

[EIRI/EDPR/4464] J.C.: 2675INR, 2676US$ 

Citric acid (C6H8O7, 2-hydroxy-1,2, 3-propane tricarboxylic acid), a natural constituent and common metabolite of plants and animals, is the most versatile and widely used organic acid in the field of food (60%) and pharmaceuticals (10%). It has got several other applications in various other fields.

Citric acid is mainly used in food industry because of its pleasant acid taste an its high solubility in water. It is worldwide accepted as "GRAS" (generally recognized as safe), approved by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries retain 10% of its utilization and the remainder is used for various other purposes.

A large number of micro-organisms including bacteria, fungi and yeasts have been employed to produce citric acid. Most of them, however, are not able to produce commercially acceptable yields. This fact could be explained by the fact that citric acid is a metabolite of energy metabolism and its accumulation rises in appreciable amounts only under conditions of drastic imbalances. A. niger and certain yeasts such as Saccharomycopsis sp. are employed for commercial production. However, the fungus A. niger has remained the organism of choice for commercial production. The main advantages of using this micro-organism are: (a) its ease of handling, (b) its ability to ferment a variety of cheap raw materials, and (c) high yields.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            66.667 MT/Day  

Land & Building (24,000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 10.26 Cr    

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 49.72 Cr 

Working Capital for 1 Month    Rs. 9.63 Cr 

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 71.17 Cr 

Rate of Return                          53%

Break Even Point                      45%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

MARKET POSITION

EUROPE DOMINATES THE CITRIC ACID MARKET

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

MAJOR PLAYERS

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID IN INDIA

TOP 5 IMPORT DESTINATIONS OF CITRIC ACID

EXPORT OF CITRIC ACID

TOP 5 EXPORT DESTINATIONS OF CITRIC ACID

MARKET SEGMENTATION

WORLD PRODUCTION PATTERN OF CITRIC ACID

GLOBAL CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF CITRIC ACID

MICRO-ORGANISM FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION

TABLE MICRO-ORGANISMS EMPLOYED FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION

STRAINS SELECTION AND IMPROVEMENT

PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE OF CITRIC ACID

LIQUID FERMENTATION

PROCESS PARAMETERS

SUBMERGED FERMENTATION

PURIFICATION

SEPARATION

DIFFERENT WAYS FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION

SURFACE FERMENTATION PROCESS

SOLID STATE FERMENTATION

SUBMERGED FERMENTATION

PRODUCT RECOVERY

PURIFICATION

FURTHER PURIFICATION

MONO HYDRATE

ANHYDROUS

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF CITRIC ACID

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CITRIC ACID (MONOHYDRATE) & ANHYDROUS

RECOVERY OF CITRIC ACID (MONOHYDRATE & ANHYDROUS)

PROCESSING OF CITRIC BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER UNDER DIFFERENT

FERMENTATION

COLLECTION OF WASTE MATERIALS

PREPARATION OF INOCULUMS

FERMENTATION

ANALYSIS OF FERMENTATION MEDIA

ESTIMATION OF SUGARS

EXTRACTION OF CITRIC ACID

ESTIMATION OF CITRIC ACID

SAMPLE PREPARATION

HPLC ANALYSIS

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

PROPERTIES

TABLE 1: DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS CITRIC ACID SOLUTIONS AT 15OCA

TABLE 2: FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION AND BOILING POINT ELEVATION

OF AQUEOUS CITRIC ACID SOLUTIONSA

TABLE 3: SOLUBILITY OF ANHYDROUS CITRIC ACID IN WATERA

TABLE 4: SOLUBILITY OF HYDRATED AND ANHYDROUS CITRIC ACID IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF ETHYL ALCOHOL AT 25OCA

TABLE 5: SOLUBILITY OF HYDRATED AND ANHYDROUS CITRIC ACID IN

SOME ORGANIC SOLVENTS AT 25OCA,B

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

USES AND APPLICATION OF CITRIC ACID

TABLE APPLICATIONS OF CITRIC ACID

I.S.I. SPECIFICATIONS

GRADE:-

QUALITY TESTING OF CITRIC ACID

1. DETERMINATION OF CITRIC ACID CONTENT

REAGENTS

CALCULATION

WHERE

2. DETERMINATION OF SULPHATED ASH

APPARATUS

REAGENT

CALCULATION

WHERE

3. TEST FOR HEAVY METALS (AS PB)

APPARATUS

REAGENTS

OUTLINE OF THE METHOD

FOR GRADE 1:

FOR GRADE 2:

REAGENTS

PROCEDURE

FOR GRADE 1:

FOR GRADE 2:

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT

STORAGE LAYOUT:

EQUIPMENT LAYOUT:

SAFETY:

PLANT EXPANSION:

FLOOR SPACE:

UTILITIES SERVICING:

BUILDING:

MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT:

RAILROADS AND ROADS:

MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:

PLANT LOCATION FACTORS

PRIMARY FACTORS

1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:

2. MARKETS:

3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:

4. WATER SUPPLY:

5. CLIMATE:

SPECIFIC FACTORS

6. TRANSPORTATION:

A. AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SERVICES AND PROJECTED RATES

7. WASTE DISPOSAL:

8. LABOR:

9. REGULATORY LAWS:

10. TAXES:

11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:

12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:

13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:

14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:

EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT

1. DEPRECIATION:

2. FIXED ASSETS:

3. WORKING CAPITAL:

4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:

5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:

6. MARGIN MONEY:

7. TOTAL LOAD:

8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT HANDLING

PROJECT SCHEDULING

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

TIME SCHEDULE

SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)