Detailed Project Report on Flat PVC Laminated Safety Glass & Toughened Glass

FLAT PVC LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS & TOUGHENED GLASS

[EIRI/EDPR/1102] J.C.: 9746

INTRODUCTION

A laminate is an orderly layering and bonding of relatively thin materials. A commonly laminated material is glass. Usually, two pieces of float or sheet glass are bonded with poly (vinyl butyral) (PVB) (see Vinyl polymers, poly(vinyl acetals) to produce a highly transparent safety glass, eg, an automotive windshield. This combining of transparent abrasion-resistant glass and resilient plastic achieves the durability and safety demand of such products. Other materials that may be incorporated in laminated glass are colorants, electrically conducting films or wires and rigid plastics. The value of the laminate is the utilization of the desirable properties from each of the constituents. In the case of laminated glass, the excellent weathering properties of the glass protect the impact-energy-absorbing plastic interlayer from deterioration abrasion and soiling.

Benedictus, a French chemist who accidentally broke a flask that contained dried-on cellulose nitrate, is credited with founding the laminated-glass industry. The first patent was issued in 1906.

Laminated glass is not a true composite material. The glass needs the safety-net effect of the interlayer if impacted and the interlayer needs the durability and rigidity of the glass for useful service other than during impacts. Exceptions where laminated glass more truly fits the definition of a composite are when it is used for noise attenuation (see Insulation, acoustic) or bullet resistance. In these applications, the alternate layering of rigid and soft materials achieves results beyond those produced by either alone.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            3,30,000 sq.ft/Day

Land & Building (5000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 5.79 Cr

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 7.17 Cr

Working Capital for 1 Month    Rs. 50.58 Cr

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 65.28 Cr

Rate of Return                          88%

Break Even Point                      20%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

PROPERTIES

PROPERTIES OF GLASS CHEMICALS FOR TOUGHENED GLASS

THE COMPOSITION OF GLASS:

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

RAW MATERIALS USED FOR GLASS MAKING

USES AND APPLICATION

B. I. S.  SPECIFICATION

FOR SAFETY GLASS & TOUGHENED GLASS:

MARKET POSITION WITH FUTURE DEMAND

(A)  FOR LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS:

TABLE: PRODUCTION OF LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS

PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY

CHILLER

COMPRESSOR

AUTOCLAVE PRESS

SUPPLIER OF RAW MATERIALS

NITRO CELLULOSE

TOUGHENED GLASS

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE FOR LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS

OTHER PROCESSES:-

SPECIAL LAMINATED WINDSHIELDS:-

INTERLAYER FOR LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS:-

EXAMPLE 1:-

EXAMPLE 2:-

SAFETY LAMINATION:-

FORMULATION

FORMULATION:

THEN THE FOLLOWING ADDITIONAL INGREDIENTS ARE ADDED:

FORMULATION:

FLOW SHEET

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PVC LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS

EXAMPLE 1

A FILM 0.5 MM THICK MADE:

EXAMPLE 2

A FILM 0.5 MM THICK, MADE

EXAMPLE 3

EXAMPLE 4

EXAMPLE 5

EXAMPLE 6

EXAMPLE 7

EXAMPLE 8

EXAMPLE 9

EXAMPLE 10

EXAMPLE 11

EXAMPLE 12

EXAMPLE 13

EXAMPLE 14

EXAMPLE 15

POLYVINYL BUTYRAL COMPOSITE INTERLAYER FOR LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS

BULLETPROOF LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS

EXAMPLE 1

EXAMPLE 2

EXAMPLE 3

EXAMPLE 4

EXAMPLE 5

EXAMPLE 6

EXAMPLE 7

EXAMPLE 8

EXAMPLE 9

EXAMPLE 10

EXAMPLE 11

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS

FIRST PROCESS:

SECOND PROCESS:

EXAMPLE 1:

EXAMPLE 2:

EXAMPLE 3:

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1:

EXAMPLE 4:

VISIBLE RADIATION PERMEABILITY:

HAZE:

PENETRATION RESISTANCE:

ADHESION:

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FIRE-RESISTANT SAFETY GLASS

METHOD OF PRODUCING TOUGHENED GLASS

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TOUGHENING GLASS

THERMALLY TOUGHENING GLASS

EXAMPLE 3

EXAMPLE 4

EXAMPLE 5

EXAMPLE 6

EXAMPLE 7

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)