azadirachtin technical (2918 kg per day)

AZADIRACHTIN TECHNICAL

[EIRI/EDPR/4573] J.C.: 2790XL 

INTRODUCTION

Neem oil is a vegetable oil pressed from the fruits and seeds of the neem (Azadirachta indica), an evergreen tree which is endemic to the Indian subcontinent and has been introduced to many other areas in the tropics. It is the most important of the commercially available products of neem for organic farming and medicines.

Neem oil varies in color; it can be golden yellow, yellowish brown, reddish brown, dark brown, greenish brown, or bright red. It has a rather strong odor that is said to combine the odours of peanut and garlic. It is composed mainly of triglycerides and contains many triterpenoid compounds, which are responsible for the bitter taste. It is hydrophobic in nature; in order to emulsify it in water for application purposes, it is formulated with surfactants.

Azadirachtin is the most well known and studied triterpenoid in neem oil. The azadirachtin content of neem oil varies from 300ppm to over 2500ppm depending on the extraction technology and quality of the neem seeds crushed. Nimbin is another triterpenoid which has been credited with some of neem oil's properties as an antiseptic, antifungal, antipyretic and antihistamine.[1] Neem oil also contains several sterols, including (campesterol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol).

Neem oil, also called neem seed oil or neem tree oil, is the oil pressed from the seed kernels of the neem tree. Neem is a tropical, evergreen tree that originated in India.

Neem tree fruit looks a bit like olives. It contains one seed, which in turn can have one or several kernels.

Oil is produced by crushing and pressing the kernels, and then purifying the extract.

Raw neem oil has a strong, pungent odour, often described as similar to sulphur and garlic. Yes, it definitely reeks.

Neem oil is obtained from the seeds of neem tree also known as  margosa.  Which grows all over the country, concentrated in areas  like  U.P., Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,  and  Andhra  Pradesh. Utilization of  neem  seeds  is  beset  with  the  problem   of organization of systematic collection and crushing of seeds.  But with  the ever increasing exploitation of non edible oils for industrial and  pharmaceutical  purposes, neem  oil  is  gaining importance economically.

The component glycerides of neem oil are primarily those of oleic (about 57%). Stearic (about 15%) and palmitic (about 16%) aids  together with small amounts of linoleic acids. Apart from these, there are non-fatty components described as "total Bi Hers" which are mixture of complex per penoids in  soluble in fats and hexane and "odorous  compounds" which are also constituted of complex terepenoids, which however are soluble  in fats and hexane. Infact it  is these constituents that characterize this oil and are responsible for its  pharmaceutical properties. The neem oil is soluble in ether chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            2918 Kg./Day  

Land & Building (6000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 2.29 Cr    

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 2.01 Cr 

Working Capital for 2 Months    Rs. 1.29 Cr 

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 6.01 Cr 

Rate of Return                          60%

Break Even Point                      45%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

COMPOSITION OF NEEM SEED

AZADIRACHTIN

❖ NIMBIN AND NIMBIDIN

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF NIMBIN AND NIMBIDIN

OCCURRENCE AND PROPAGATION OF NEEM

PROPERTIES

BENEFITS AND FIELD APPLICATION OF AZADIRACHTIN BASED PESTICIDES

PROPERTIES OF NEEM OIL

NEEM OIL PROPERTIES:

COMPONENTS WEIGHT IN FRUIT (PERCENTAGE):

AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF NEEM OIL

STANDARD PROPERTIES OF NEEM OIL

COMPOSITION OF NEEM

NEEM COMPOSITION:

A. NEEM FRUIT (FRESH):

B. NEEM SEED:

C. NEEM KERNEL OIL CONTENT:

D. OTHER INGREDIENTS:

USES OF NEEM OIL

NEEM OIL AND SKIN CARE

NEEM OIL FOR ANIMALS

MORE ABOUT USING NEEM FOR DOGS AND OTHER PETS.

RAW MATERIALS

METHODS FOR OBTAINING NEEM SEEDS

A. COLLECTION:

B. DEPULPING:

C. DRYING:

D. STORAGE:

E. PROCESSING/EXTRACTION:

USES AND APPLICATION OF NEEM

USES: ALL PARTS OF NEEM TREE ARE USEFUL

NEEM OIL APPLICATION IN SEVERAL INDUSTRIES

AGRICULTUREL USAGE OF NEEM PRODUCTS

SPRAYING:

GLOBAL MARKET OF AZADIRACHTIN

GLOBAL AZADIRACHTIN MARKET REGIONAL INSIGHTS:

GLOBAL AZADIRACHTIN MARKET, BY REGION

GLOBAL AZADIRACHTIN MARKET KEY PLAYER

FROMODUCTION DATA OF NEEM OIL IN INDIA

DOMESTIC MARKET OF NEEM AND NEEM OIL

DOMESTIC MARKETS:

MARKET OF AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE

COVID-19 IMPACT

KEY TAKEAWAYS

AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE MARKET SEGMENT – BY PRODUCT

AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE MARKET SEGMENT – BY APPLICATION

AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE MARKET SEGMENT – BY GEOGRAPHY

AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE MARKET DRIVERS

INCREASE IN USAGE OF SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES FOR PROMOTING BIOPESTICIDES

AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE MARKET CHALLENGES

STRINGENT REGULATIONS

AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE INDUSTRY OUTLOOK

DEMAND OF NEEM CAKE

PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS

PROCESSING STEPS OF AZADIRACHTIN EXTRACTION

EXTRACTION METHOD OF AZADIRACHTIN

EXTRACTION WITH ALCOHOL

REFINED OR ENRICHED EXTRACTION METHOD

SOXHLET EXTRACTION

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF AZADIRACHTIN EXTRACTION

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NEEM OIL

METHOD OF EXTRACTION FOR PURE NEEM OIL

PROCESS IN DETAILS

I. PROCESSING OF NEEM FRUIT AND SEED.

THE NEEM FRUITS RECEIVED GENERALLY ARE DIVIDED INTO FOUR CATEGORIES:

CLEANING OF NEEM SEEDS

1. DEPULPING AND WASHING:

DRYING:

DECORTICATOR:

B.I.S. REQUIREMENT FOR NEEM KERNELS AND DEPULPED NEEM SEEDS FOR OIL MILLING

SPECIFICATION AND TESTING OF NEEM OIL

1. SCOPE

2. TERMINOLOGY

3. REQUIREMENTS

TABLE 1 REQUIREMENT FOR NEEM KERNEL OIL AND DEPULPED NEEM SEED OIL.

4. PACKING

5. MARKING

6. SAMPLING

7. TESTS

APPENDIX A

TEST FOR COLOUR OF SOAP

A-1 GENERAL

A-1.1 APPARATUS

A-1.2 REAGENT

YIELD OF NEEM OIL AND CAKE

MATURITY STORAGE AND PRESSING OF SEEDS

ALCOHOL EXTRACTION:

RECOVERY OF ALCOHOL:

LOSS OF SOLVENT:

REFINING OF ALCOHOL EXTRACTED OIL:

ALKALI TREATMENT:

RESULTS OF THE STUDY:

FLOW CHART

ALCOHOL EXTRACTION FLOW SHEET CUM SOLVENT RECOVERY

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF NATURE NEEM UREA COATING POWDER

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT

ADVANTAGES OF NATURE NEEM UREA COATING AGENT

MODE OF ACTION

METHOD OF APPLICATION

METHODS OF NEEM COATED UREA

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

RAW MATERIALS:-

TYPE OF NOZZLE FUNCTION OF NOZZLE

METHOD OF COATING OF UREA PRILLS WITH NEEM OIL WATER EMULSION

METHOD 1:

METHOD 2:

PREPARATION OF NEEM OIL WATER EMULSION:

DISTRIBUTION OF INGREDIENTS IN 10% NEEM OIL WATER EMULSION:

DISTRIBUTION OF INGREDIENTS IN 20 % CONE. NEEM OIL WATER EMULSION :

DISTRIBUTION OF INGREDIENTS IN 30 % CONC. NEEM OIL WATER EMULSION :

METHOD OF PREPARATION:

ANOTHER METHOD

SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

SUPPLIERS OF NEEM SEEDS

SUPPLIERS OF N-HEXANE/ ALCOHOL

ADDRESSES OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS

SUPPLIERS OF OIL EXPELLERS

SUPPLIERS OF PULVERIZER

SUPPLIERS OF TRAY DRYER

SUPPLIERS OF SOLVENT RECOVERY EQUIPMENT

SUPPLIERS OF VIBRATING SCREENS

SUPPLIERS OF CONVEYOR BELT

SUPPLIERS OF DEHULLING EQUIPMENT

SUPPLIERS OF WATER SOFTENING PLANT

SUPPLIERS OF SIEVE SHAKER

SUPPLIERS OF ULTRAFILTERS

SUPPLIERS OF SOLVENT  EXTRACTION UNIT

SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS

SUPPLIERS OF GENERATOR SET (D.G. SET)

SUPPLIERS OF ESCALATORS

SUPPLIERS OF ELEVATORS

SUPPLIERS OF AUTOMATIC PACKAGING MACHINES

BUYER OF NEEM OIL

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)