Detailed Project Report on azodicarbonamide (adc)

AZODICARBONAMIDE (ADC)

[CODE NO.4121] 

Azodicarbonamide is a blowing agent and is a synthetic material that has high consumption among chemical blowing agents.

CAS No. 123-77-3 

Formula NH2CON=NCONH2  

Appearance Yellow to orange red, odorless, crystalline powder 

Specific Gravity 1.65 

Solubility In Water Soluble in hot water 

Safety 

In the UK, the Health and Safety Executive has identified azodicarbonamide as a respiratory sensitiser (a possible cause of asthma).

Specification

Assay 97.0% min

Ash 0.2% max

Decomposition temp 200 C min

Gas yield 210 min (ml/g

Heat loss 0.3% max 

Water 0.25% max

Application 

Azodicarbonamide (ADC) is mainly used in the following sectors as blowing agent (also called foaming agents):

1. Packaging materials,

2. Construction materials (mainly heat insulation materials)

3. UPVC pipes (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride)

4. EVA(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer)

5. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) artificial leather.

6. Shoe soles (PVC or EVA for sport shoes),

7. Wallpaper

8. Carpet pads

9. Polyolefines (telephone cables and electrical wires).

Azodicarbonamide releases nitrogen gas and is a general foaming agent for rubbers and plastics such as PVC, EVA, polyolefin, polystyrene products. It is also used as an aging and bleaching ingredient in cereal flours and dough conditioner in baking bread. 

Azo-di-carbon-amide of molecular weight 116 is a chemical organic compound having chemical formula H4N4C2O2 and denoted structurally as 

O      O

||     ||

H2N C N == N C N H2

Azodicarbonamide also known as '1,1'- azobisformamide on dry decomposition at 190oC yields a gas of about 60% N2 , 35% CO and minor amounts of ammonia carbon and carbon dioxide. The gas yield is high 230-240 ml/g at standard temperature of pressure (CSTP). In 1978 largest volume of blowing agent 5000 metric tons produced in the U.S. was azodicarbonamide. Azodicarbonamide (ADA) also known as azobisformide (ABFA) is the most important organic chemical blowing agent for PVC as many desirable properties required in a good blowing agent and in addition is non-flammable plastisols . It is used in the manufacture of PVC foam fabrics, floor coverings, low density open-cell foam, extruded low-density gaskets, wire and cable Jackets, slush molded products, cross cap-liners, injection moulded sols and high density profiles etc. 

A B F A is also used as foaming agents for Ethylene-Vinyl acetate (EVA) plasters. Various grades of foaming agents of azodicarbonamide are available and are marketed in various trade names of grade, Viz ADC, Urea, Kempora, Celogen AZ, Cenitron AC, Profor ADC, Azoid, Polyzole-AZDN, Fisons Cenetron Ac/3 and A c/4 powder grades etc. chemically there exists only two variety Viz Technical and F.C.C. Technical variety A D A is used for formulating various grades of Azodicarbonamide for addition to plastics & Rubber as blowing agents and production of various cellular, Foamed products. F.C.C. grade is used as murturing agents for flours. Foaming agents for plastics are available in a wide range of formulations and types depending on the plastic involved processing temperatures, end users etc.

Among chemical commercial organic foaming agents Azodicarbonamide is formulated to be used for productions of EVA CHAPPAL, PVC foamed injection moulded goods & shoe soles etc. In the field of cellular plastics Azodicarbonamide is preferred as blowing/Foaming agents to achieve desired results. Particularly for Footwear microcellular moulded PVC and PVC blend soles have been in used for a considerable time as have PVC upper in some types of footwear. The man synthetic materials competing with PVC in the former application are polyurethane, some thermoplastic rubbers and EVA (as well as natural rubbers), and in the latter mainly polyurethane. Complete units (Boots, shoes and sandals) are produced from PVC by injection moulding, including all-weather golf shoes (from a PVC/nitrile rubber blend).

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                                        20 Tons/Day

Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.)              Rs. 2.63 Cr

Plant & Machinery                                   Rs. 1.85 Cr

Working Capital for 1 Month                Rs. 7.75 Cr

Total Capital Investment                         Rs. 12.45 Cr

Rate of Return                                          46%

Break Even Point                                     37%

• INTRODUCTION
  
• SAFETY
• SPECIFICATION
• APPLICATION
• CHEMICAL FOAMING PROCESS
• PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL FOAMING
• CHEMICAL BLOWING AGENTS-NATURE & OPERATION
• USES AND APPLICATION OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
• DOUGH CONDITIONER
• WHITENING AGENT
• HOW DOES ADA WORK?
• BLOWING AGENT
• PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
• B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
• HEADQUARTERS
• REGIONAL OFFICES
• MARKET OVERVIEW OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
• CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSAY OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
• SYNONYMS
• DEFINITION
• CHEMICAL FORMULA
• STRUCTURAL FORMULA
• DESCRIPTION
• FUNCTIONAL USES
• CHARACTERISTICS
• PURITY
• DERIVATION OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
• SPECIFICATION
• PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
• PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF HDC (HYDRAZODICARBONAMIDE) HDC (ADC INTERMEDIATE)
• PROCESS STAGE:
• H N NUTRALIZATION
• UREA SOLUTION
• PROCESS
• HDC WASHING
• PROCESS FLOW SHEET DIAGRAM
• OTHER PROCESS OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
• PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
• STORAGE LAYOUT
• EQUIPMENT LAYOUT
• SAFETY
• PLANT EXPANSION
• FLOOR SPACE
• UTILITIES SERVICING
• BUILDING
• MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT
• RAILROADS AND ROADS
• PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
• PRIMARY FACTORS
• 1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
• 2. MARKETS:
• 3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
• 4. WATER SUPPLY:
• 5. CLIMATE:
• 6. TRANSPORTATION:
• 7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
• 8. LABOR:
• 9. REGULATORY LAWS:
• 10. TAXES:
• 11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
• 12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
• 13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
• 14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
• EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
• DEPRECIATION
• FIXED ASSETS
• WORKING CAPITAL
• BREAK-EVEN POINT
• OTHER FIXED EXPENSES
• MARGIN MONEY
• TERM LOANS
• TOTAL LOAD
• LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO
• ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS
• CHLORINE GAS
• UREA
• HYDRAZINE
• PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
• MIXING TANKS
• FILTERATION EQUIPMENTS
• GRINDERS
• LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENTS
• POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)