CITRIC ACID (ANHYDROUS) 100 MT/Day

CITRIC ACID (ANHYDROUS) 100 MT/Day  

[CODE NO.4449] 

Citric acid (C6H8O7, 2 - hydroxy - 1,2,3 - propane tricarboxylic acid), a natural constituent and common metabolite of plants and animals, is the most versatile and widely used organic acid in the field of food (60%) and pharmaceuticals (10%). It has got several other applications in various other fields. Currently, the global production of citric acid is estimated to be around 736000 Tons/Year (TPA). In Brazil, almost the entire demand of citric acid is met through imports. There is constant increase (3-4%) each year in its consumption, showing the need of finding new alternatives for its manufacture.

Citric acid was first isolated by Karls Scheels in 1874, in England, from the lemon juice imported from Italy. Italian manufacturers had monopoly for its production for almost 100 years, and it was sold at high cost. This led extensive attempts all over the world to find alternatives way for its production, which included chemical and microbial techniques. In 1923, Wehmer observed the presence of citric acid as a by-product of calcium oxalate produced by a culture of Penicillium glaucum. Other investigations showed the isolation of two varieties of fungi belonging to genus Citromyces (namely Penicillium). However, industrial trials did not succeed due to contamination problems and long duration of fermentation. The industrial process was first open by Currie, in 1917, who found that Aspergillus Niger had the capacity to accumulate significant amounts of citric acid in sugar based medium. He also showed that high concentrations of sugar favoured its production, which occurred under limitation of growth. In the thirties, some units were implanted in England, in Soviet Union, and in Germany for the commercial production. 

However, the biochemical basis was only cleared in the fifties with the discovery of he glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). Consequently, an improved process employing submerged fermentation was developed in United States.

Although methods were well developed to synthesis citric acid using chemical means also, better successes were achieved using microbial fermentations, and over the period of time, this technique has become the method of ultimate choice for its commercial production, mainly due to economic advantage of biological production over chemical synthesis. Much attention has been paid on research to improve the microbial strains, and to maintain their production capacity.

Citric  acid  was  first  isolated  from  lemon  juice   and crystallized  as  a  solid by Scheele in 1784.   It is found as natural constituent of citrus fruits, pine apples, peaches other fruits and tissues.  The citric acid  extracted  from these products is known as a “natural citric acid" in contrast  to "fermentation citric acid" lemons, limes and pine apples are  the principle  sources  of  natural citric acid,  which  is  produced chiefly  in  Italy, especially Sicily, and  also  in  California, Hawaii and the West Indies.

It has made the United States self-sufficient in respect to the  citric acid supply and greatly changes the commerce  of  the world in citric acid and calcium citrate.

Recent developments in the citric acid fermentation include the change from the older established shallow   pan method to a deep tank submerged method.A group headed by S.M. Martin of the National Research laboratory of Canada has been especially active in the development of the submerged production of citric acid from ferrocyanide-treated beet molasses by Aspergillus Niger. It is intended to prepare a Feasibility Report to install a Citric Acid (Anhydrous) Powder production facility with an installed capacity of 30000 Tons / Year as a Green Field Project.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                                        100 MT/Day  

Land & Building (16,725 sq.mt.)             Rs. 24.90  Cr    

Plant & Machinery                                   Rs. 83.32  Cr 

Working Capital for 1 Month            Rs. 17.67  Cr 

Total Capital Investment                        Rs. 130.42 Cr 

Rate of Return                                          38%

Break Even Point                                    49%

• INTRODUCTION
  
• MARKET OVERVIEW
• MICRO-ORGANISM FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION
• STRAINS SELECTION & IMPROVEMENT
• INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF CITRIC ACID
• BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CITRIC ACID (ANHYDROUS) POWDER
• RECOVERY OF CITRIC ACID (ANHYDROUS) 
• PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES & RAW MATERIALS
• PRODUCTION DETAILS OF CITRIC ACID
• TECHNICALITIES IN CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION
• FERMENTER DESIGN/OPERATION CONCEPTS
• PROCESSING OF CITRIC ACID FROM SUGARCANE MOLASSES
• FACTORS AFFECTING CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION
• PROPERTIES
• RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS
• USES & APPLICATION OF CITRIC ACID
• SPECIFICATIONS
• QUALITY TESTING REQUIRED FOR CITRIC ACID
• QUALITY CONTROL TEST FOR RAW MATERIAL
• ETP FACILITY
• SEWAGE AND WASTE WATER EFFLUENT
• WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT/GREEN BELT
• SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
• PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
• PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
• HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT
• ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
• MITIGATION MEASURES (PROPOSED)
• HSE REQUIREMENTS
• SAFETY & OCCUPATIONAL MEASURE
• PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
• PROJECT FINANCIALS
• PRELIMINARY LAYOUT
• CONCLUSIONS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)