ferric and non ferric alum

FERRIC AND NON FERRIC ALUM

[CODE NO.4436] 

Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), commonly called alum, is produced as white crystals which are non-combustible and soluble in water. This dry, hydrate (Al2(SO4)3.14H2O) is 17% Al2O3 and is also sold as a 47% w/w aluminium sulfate solution which is 8% Al2O3. It is also sold in solid form as kibbled, ground or dust.

Alum are represented by the general formula R1/2 SO4, R2"(SO4)3.24.H2O. Where R and R"are respectively monovalent and trivalent radicals. They are usually the double salts of ammonium, potassium or sodium sulphate with aluminium. Chromium or iron sulphate and are readily prepared by concentrating and cooling a solution containing molecular proportions of the Component Sulphate.

Ferric and Non Ferric Alum is marketed in various grades. The cheapest grade called "alum cake". Potash alum also known as alum alumen.

Ferric alumin is aluminium sulphate containing iron obtained from the bauxite ore. Potash alum is prepared from its naturally occurring minerals such as alunite and Ratinite, but in India these do not occur in appreciable quantities.  Alum was formerly prepared from alum shales by roasting them in year and leaching it out with water. Alum is now produced in India by crystallizing   together equivalent produced in India by Crystallizing together equivalent proportion of potassium sulphate and aluminium sulphate. The solution is concentrated and the crystals are separated out are melted to yield lump alum or recrystalized to obtain large crystals.

Alum (Aluminium sulphate) forms white crystals of specific gravity 1.62 of Al2 (SO4)3. 18H2O readily soluble in water (128 gms per litre at 30oC) but insoluble in alcohol.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                           80 MT/Day  

Land & Building (8000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 4.05 Cr    

Plant & Machinery                            Rs. 4.38 Cr 

Working Capital for 2 Months    Rs. 5.50 Cr 

Total Capital Investment                  Rs. 14.42 Cr 

Rate of Return                                  29%

Break Even Point                              55%

• INTRODUCTION
  
• USES & APPLICATIONS
• THE MAIN USES OF ALUM ARE:
• OTHER MAJOR USES
• WHAT HAPPENS AT A WATER TREATMENT PLANT?
• SCREENING:
• PRE-SEDIMENTATION:
• MICRO-STRAINING:
• CHEMICAL PRETREATMENT:
• SOFTENING:
• COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION:
• SEDIMENTATION:
• FILTRATION:
• DISINFECTION:
• FLUORIDATION:
• TREATMENT TO REMOVE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS
• B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
• SPECIFICATIONS OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE (NON FERRIC)
• NON FERRIC ALUM
• NON FERRIC ALUM - PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS:
• NON FERRIC ALUM - PRODUCT APPLICATION:
• NON FERRIC ALUM - BENEFITS
• SPECIFICATION OF ALUMINUM SULPHATE
• (NON-FERRIC ALUM) (SLABE/LUMPS/POWDER)
• (FERRIC ALUM) (SLABE/LUMPS)
• SPECIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF ALUM
• WATER TREATMENT:
• SIZING OF PAPER:
• MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS:
• SPECIFICATION
• ALUMINIUM SULPHATE GRANULATED (ALG)
• GENERAL DETAILS
• SPECIFICATIONS OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE GRANULATED
• PAPER INDUSTRY
• WATER TREATMENT
• MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS
• CATEGORIES AND GRADE OF ALUM
• THERE ARE TWO BROAD CATEGORIES OF ALUM AS FOLLOWS:
• RAW MATERIALS
• BAUXITE
• THE RANGE OF COMPOSITION OF BAUXITES IS USUALLY:
• THE BEST FRENCH WHITE BAUXITE CONTAINS:
• MARKET OVERVIEW OF ALUM
• MARKET OVERVIEW OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
• INCREASING DEMAND FOR FRESH WATER RESOURCES IS PAVING WAY FOR ALUMINUM SULFATE
• MARKET SEGMENTATION
• PRODUCT TYPE
• GRADE
• APPLICATION
• APPLICATION
• FERRIC ALUM TRADE DATA
• FERRIC ALUM TRADE DATA - INDIAN PORTS
• FERRIC ALUM EXPORT ANALYSIS - MONTHWISE
• COUNTRY WISE TRENDS FOR FERRIC ALUM EXPORT (USD MILLION)
• INDIAN DEMAND FOR ALUM
• PAPER INDUSTRY
• WATER TREATMENT
• MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS
• IMPORTANT GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS
• PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF FERRIC & NON FERRIC ALUM
• PROCESS OUTLINE OF FERRIC ALUM
• PROCESS OUTLINE FOR NON FERRIC ALUM
• DETAILS FOR ALUMINIUM SULFATE MANUFACTURE
• RAW MATERIALS
• STEP 1 - REACTING THE RAW INGREDIENTS.
• STEP 2 - MAKING THE FINAL PRODUCT
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
• DETAILED PROCESS DESCRIPTION
• (A)  BAUXITE PREPARATION SECTION:-
• (B)  REACTION SECTION:-
• WASTE & EMISSION'S:-
• PACKING & MARKING:-
• PACKING:-
• MARKING:-
• REQUIREMENT FOR ALUMINIUM SULPHATE (NON FERRIC)
• METHODS OF TEST FOR ALUM, NON FERRIC (ALUMINIUM SULFATE)
• QUALITY OF REAGENTS:-
• PREPARED SAMPLE:-
• PROCEDURE:-
• DETERMINATION OF INSOLUBLE MATTER
• REAGENTS:-
• PROCEDURE:-
• CALCULATION:-
• DETERMINATION OF PH:-
• PROCEDURE:-
• DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS:-
• OUTLINE OF THE METHOD:-
• APPARATUS:-
• REAGENTS:-
• STANDARD LEAD SOLUTION:-
• PROCEDURE:-
• DETERMINATION OF IRON:-
• OUTLINE OF THE METHOD:-
• APPARATUS:-
• REAGENTS:-
• BUTANOLIC POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE SOLUTION:-
• STANDARD IRON SOLUTION:-
• PROCEDURE:-
• TEST FOR CHLORIDES:-
• REAGENTS:-
• PROCEDURE:-
• DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC
• PROCEDURE:-
• DETERMINATION OF THE AMMONIUM SALTS
• OUTLINE OF THE METHOD:-
• APPARATUS:-
• REAGENTS:-
• NESSLER SOLUTION:-
• STANDARD AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION:-
• PROCEDURE:-
• DETERMINATION OF ALUMINIUM
• GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
• REAGENTS:-
• PROCEDURE:-
• CALCULATION:-
• EDTA METHOD:-
• REAGENTS:-
• ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL
• ACETIC ACID:-
• AMMONIUM ACETATE BUFFER SOLUTION:-
• PROCEDURE:-
• CALCULATION:-
• DETERMINATION OF SODIUM:-
• DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM:-
• SAMPLING OF ALUM, NON FERRIC (ALUMINIUM SULPHATE)
• GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF SAMPLING:-
• SCALE OF SAMPLING:-
• SCALE OF SAMPLING
• PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLES
• NUMBER OF TESTS
• CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY
• SEQUENCES IN ALUM MANUFACTURE
• BLOCK DIAGRAM TO PRODUCE ALUMINIUM SULPHATE NON FERRIC 
• (17% TO 18%) ALUMINA CONTENT IN GRANULES (2MM TO 4MM) AND FLAKES FORM
• COMPOSITION OF ALUM [FERRIC AND NON FERRIC]
• CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FERRIC ALUM:
• GRADE 3
• CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NON-FERRIC ALUM:
• USES:
• MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
• HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
• EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
• POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
• CARCINOGEN STATUS:
• COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
• FIRST AID MEASURES
• GENERAL INFORMATION:
• FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
• ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
• HANDLING AND STORAGE
• PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
• STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
• DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
• TRANSPORT INFORMATION
• COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS OF FERRIC & NON-FERRIC ALUM PLANT
• SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
• SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
• TO GET REQUIRED CERTIFICATION & OTHER FORMALITES FOR EXPORTING NON FERRIC ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
• ADDRESSES OF CONSULTANTS
• ADDRESSES OF PILOT PLANT SUPPLIERS
• SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL (INDIAN)
• SUPPLIERS OF BAUXITE
• SUPPLIERS OF SULPHURIC ACID
• SUPPLIERS OF BARIUM SULPHIDE
• SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS (GLOBAL)
• SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
• SUPPLIERS OF REACTOR
• SUPPLIERS OF EVAPORATORS
• SUPPLIERS OF GRADING SCREEN/ VIBRATING SCREEN
• SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWERS
• SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS
• SUPPLIERS OF CRUSHER
• SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
• SUPPLIERS OF LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENTS
• SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (IMPORTED)

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)