maize starch and it’s by products

MAIZE STARCH AND IT’S BY PRODUCTS

 [CODE NO.4410]  

Starch Industry in India

 Starch is an abundant carbohydrate distributed worldwide in plants. Starch has been a major ingredient in man's diet over the centuries. In addition it has become a major industrial raw material. Plant seeds, roots and tubers are all sources of industrial starch production. The commercial realities of the starch recovery process limit the industrial sources mainly to wheat, maize and tapioca. Indian starch industry mainly consumes maize as input raw material. 

Also some industries are tapioca based.

Maize is doing wonderful things in our everyday life. Maize is present in one form or other in  

The Food we eat 

The Milk we drink

The Chocolates/Biscuits we take

The Clothes we wear

The Paper we read

The Medicines we take

Maize (Corn) contains about 70% starch, other components being protein, fibers and fat. The basis of the maize milling process is the separation of the maize kernel into its different parts. Maize starch is produced by the wet milling process, which involves grinding of softened maize and separation of corn oil seeds (germs), gluten (proteins), fibers (husk) and finally pure starch.  

Byproducts from Maize

The byproducts from maize based industries find various applications:

i. Maize (Corn) Steep Liquor: It contains amino acids, proteins and are used by antibiotics drugs manufacturers. Also it is a large source of biogas, which is being used as fuel for driers, boilers etc.

ii. Maize Gum: Corn Oil is produced by expelling oil from the germs. Corn Oil finds applications in food and other chemical industries. Maize oil cake obtained after expelling oil is used as cattle and poultry feeds.

iii. Maize Gluten: Maize Gluten contains high protein content and it is used as cattle and poultry feeds.

iv. Maize Husk: It contains starch, protein and fat as minor components and mainly consumed as cattle feed.

1.0 Starches

Starch is a group of polysacchrides, composed of glucopyranose units joined together by-glucosidric linkages. It conforms to the molecular formula, (C6-H10O5)u, where nvaries from a few hundred to over one million. Starch is found as the reserve carbohydrate in various parts of plants and is enzymatically broken down to glucose to other carbohydrates according to the metabolic needs of the plants.

Industrially, starch is broadly divided into two types viz, natural and modified. Natural starches also designated as unmodified starches or simply starches are obtained from grains such as and sorghum. From roots like potato, tapioca and arrow root, and from the pith of the stems of certain palms such a sago. They are further classified into cereal starches and root starches. The characteristics of the natural starches are changed by chemical or enzymatic action and the products of these reactions are termed modified starches. This group includes dextrins, acid-modified starches, oxidized starches, starch esters, starch ethers, aldehyde starches and cationic starches.

1.1 Natural Starches

Starch occurs naturally in the plants and its percentage varies with the plant and also in different parts of the same plant. Corn (maize) sorghum grain wheat, rice, potato, tapioca, arrowroot and sago are among the important sources of natural starches. The grains of barley, rye, oat and the millets are also employed in the production of starches.

1.1 Natural Starches

Starch occurs naturally in the plants and its percentage varies with the plant and also in different parts of the same plant. Corn (maize) sorghum grain wheat, rice, potato, tapioca, arrowroot and sago are among the important sources of natural starches. The grains of barley, rye, oat and the millets are also employed in the production of starches.

1.3 Cereal Starches 

The cereal starches such as maize wheat, rice and sorghum are recovered by several processes, of which the wet-milling is by far the most important. Other processes commercially employed in the manufacture of unmodified starches are that alkali, Martin and batter in the order of decreasing importance. Of the material methods earlier used for the production of starch and which have now become obsolete, mention may be made of the Hakka, Alsation and Fescas processes. In all the above processes, Starch is recovered in five stages:

a)   Softening or steeping of the grains, after thorough washing in water.

b)   Tabling or centrifugation of the ground mass.

c)   Dewatering and drying of the final products.

d)   The recovery of important by products.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                                           300 Ton/Day

Land & Building (10,00,000 sq.mt.)  Rs. 50.20  Cr

Plant & Machinery                                    Rs. 61.55  Cr

Working Capital for 1 Month                    Rs. 18.27  Cr

Total Capital Investment                          Rs. 134.89 Cr

Rate of Return                                              60%

Break Even Point                                      34%

• INTRODUCTION
• STARCH INDUSTRY IN INDIA
• BYPRODUCTS FROM MAIZE
• 1.0 STARCHES
• 1.1 NATURAL STARCHES
• 1.1 NATURAL STARCHES
• 1.3 CEREAL STARCHES
• MAIZE SCENARIO IN INDIA
• SPECIFICATION OF STARCH
• MAIZE STARCH SPECIFICATION
• 2.2USES OF STARCH:
• A) TEXTILE INDUSTRY:
• B) FOOD INDUSTRY:
• C) PAPER INDUSTRY:
• D) PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY:
• E) MANUFACTURE OF GLUCOSE AND DEXTROSE BY HYDROLYSIS:
• F) MANUFACTURE OF MODIFIED STARCHES, SUCH AS:
• G) MISCELLANEOUS OTHER USES :
• 2.2.2 IN ADDITION TO THESE USES, BY PRODUCTS OF STARCH ARE ALSO OBTAINED DURING THE WET MILLING OF MAIZE.
• A) CONCENTRATED STEEP LIQUOR:
• B) GERM OIL AND GERM AND CAKE:
• C) GLUTEN:
• PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF STARCH
• COMPONENTS OF YELLOW DENT CORN
• ECONOMIC SIZE UNIT AND PRODUCTION PATTERN
• FOLLOWING THE AVERAGE ANALYSIS OF MAIZE IN INDIA:
• CONSTITUENTS AND VARIETY OF MAIZE
• PROPERTIES OF LIQUID GLUCOSE
• PROPERTIES OF STARCH
• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• STARCH GIVES A CHARACTERISTIC BLUE COLOR WITH IODINE.
• OVERVIEW OF CORN WET MILLING
• BASED ON CORN TYPE, THE CORN WET-MILLING MARKET IS 
•    SEGMENTED INTO THE FOLLOWING:
• BASED ON EQUIPMENT, THE CORN WET-MILLING MARKET IS 
•    SEGMENTED INTO THE FOLLOWING:
• BASED ON APPLICATION, THE CORN WET-MILLING MARKET IS 
•    SEGMENTED INTO THE FOLLOWING:
• BASED ON END PRODUCTS, THE CORN WET-MILLING MARKET IS
•    SEGMENTED INTO THE FOLLOWING:
• OVERVIEW OF MAIZE IN INDIA
• INTERNATIONAL GRAIN COUNCIL’S WORLD CORN PROJECTIONS 
•    (IN MILLION METRIC TONNES)
• INTERNATIONAL GRAIN COUNCIL’S INDIAN CORN PROJECTIONS 
•    (IN MILLION METRIC TONNES)
• MONTH-WISE AVERAGE PRICES OF MAIZE AT VARIOUS MARKETS
• MAIZE ARRIVALS AND PRICES IN KESAMUDRAM MARKET FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH 2019
• CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF MAIZE IN INDIA
• SEGMENT WISE CONSUMPTION OF MAIZE IN INDIA
• STARCH INDUSTRY IN INDIA: SUPPLY AND DEMAND SCENARIO
• SUPPLY
• DEMAND
• MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS
• MAIZE STARCH
• LIQUID GLUCOSE
• SPECIFICATION OF STARCHES
• REQUIREMENT FOR MAIZE, TAPIOCA & ARROW ROOT STARCHES, EDIBLE GRADE*
• REQUIREMENTS FOR MAIZE AND TAPIOCA STARCHES FOR USE IN  COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY*
• REQUIREMENTS OF TAMARIND STARCH FOR USE IN COTTON TEXTILE AND JUTE INDUSTRIES*
• METHOD OF MAIZE PROCESSING
• MAIZE IS USUALLY PROCESSED BY TWO PROCESSES:
• DRY MILLING PROCESS FLOW
• WET MILLING PROCESS FLOW
• STARCH MANUFACTURING PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
• CORN WET MILLING
• VARIOUS USES OF CORN
• MAIZE STARCH MANUFACTURING
• STARCH GLUTEN SEPARATION
• STARCH REFINING
• MODIFICATION
• MAIZE STARCH PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
• MAIZE STARCH PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
• MAIZE CLEANING
• MAIZE SOAKING
• MAIZE COARSE CRUSHING
• GERM SEPARATION
• MAIZE GRINDING
• MAIZE STARCH SIEVING
• PROTEIN SEPARATION AND MAIZE STARCH CLEANING
• CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATION AND DRYING
• SEQUENCES IN CORN WET MILLING
• PROCESSING STEPS
• CLEANING
• STEEPING
• MILLING & SEPARATION
• FINE GRINDING AND SCREENING
• SEPARATION OF STARCH AND GLUTEN
• PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF WET CORN MILLING PROCESSES
• SEQUENCES IN MAIZE STARCH PRODUCTION
• CORN STARCH PRODUCTION
• PRODUCTION OF STARCH SLURRY
• PRODUCTION OF STARCH SLURRY
• PROCESSING DETAILS OF MAIZE STARCH
• RECEIVING
• CLEANING
• STEEPING
• GRINDING
• GERM SEPARATION (DEGERMINATION)
• FIBRE WASHING SECTION
• THICKENING
• PRIMARY SEPARATION
• GLUTEN THICKENING
• ROTARY VACUUM FILTER
• HYDROCLONE SYSTEM
• DRYING
• MANUFACTURES OF STARCH AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
• MAIZE STARCH
• AMYLOSE MOLECULE OF STARCH
• TABLE NO.2.1
• AMYLOPECTIN MOLECULE
• PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF CORN WET MILLING
• 5.1 CLEANING AND SOAKING
• 5.2 STEEP LIQUOR CONCENTRATION
• 5.3 CRUDE GEM OIL RECOVERY
• 5.4 FIBRE SEPARATION
• 5.5 GLUTEN SEPARATION AND CONCENTRATION
• 5.6 MIXED FEED PROCESSING
• 5.7 STARCH WASHING DEWATERING AND DRYING
• TURNKEY SUPPLIERS OF STARCH AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
• SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
• SUPPLIERS OF CENTRIFUGE
• SUPPLIERS OF HEAT EXCHANGER
• SUPPLIERS OF LAB TESTING EQUIPMENT
• SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS
• SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
• SUPPLIERS OF CORN/MAIZE
• SUPPLIERS OF SULPHUR
• SUPPLIERS OF SULPHURIC ACID
• SUPPLIERS OF CAUSTIC SODA
• SUPPLIERS OF SODA ASH
• PLANT & MACHINERY SECTION WISE
• LIST OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
• 1. MAIZE STEEPING
• 2. SULPHURDIOXIDE PLANT
• 3. DEGERMINATION AND GERM WASHING
• 4. FIBRE MILLING AND WASHING
• 5. STARCH SEPARATIONS AND REFINING
• 6. GLUTEN CONCENTRATION
• 7. GERM   DEWATERING AND DRYING
• 8. STEEPING WATER CONCENTRATION
• 10.00 ANIMAL FEED DEWATERING AND DRYING
• 10.03 1 DRYER FOR ANIMAL FEED
• 11. STARCH DEWATERING AND DRYING
• B. HANDLING/HOLDING & STORAGE EQUIPMENTS
• LAB TESTING EQUIPMENT:

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)