Morphine from Poppy Straw (Capacity: 448 Kg/Day)

MORPHINE FROM POPPY STRAW

[EIRI/EDPR/4650] J.C.: 2867XL

Morphine is a strong opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin produced by drying the latex of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum). It is mainly used as an analgesic (pain medication). There are numerous methods used to administer morphine: oral; sublingual; via inhalation; injection into a muscle, injection under the skin, or injection into the spinal cord area; transdermal; or via rectal suppository. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to induce analgesia and alter perception and emotional response to pain. Physical and psychological dependence and tolerance may develop with repeated administration. It can be taken for both acute pain and chronic pain and is frequently used for pain from myocardial infarction, kidney stones, and during labor. Its maximum effect is reached after about 20 minutes when administered intravenously and 60 minutes when administered by mouth, while the duration of its effect is 3–7 hours. Long-acting formulations of morphine are available as MS-Contin, Kadian, and other brand names as well as generically.

Potentially serious side effects of morphine include decreased respiratory effort, vomiting, nausea, and low blood pressure. Morphine is addictive and prone to abuse. If one's dose is reduced after long-term use, opioid withdrawal symptoms may occur. Common side effects of morphine include drowsiness, vomiting, and constipation. Caution is advised for use of morphine during pregnancy or breast feeding, as it may affect the health of the baby.

The primary source of morphine is isolation from poppy straw of the opium poppy. In 2013, approximately 523 tons of morphine were produced. Approximately 45 tons were used directly for pain, an increase of 400% over the last twenty years. Most use for this purpose was in the developed world. About 70 percent of morphine is used to make other opioids such as hydromorphone, oxymorphone, and heroin. It is a Schedule II drug in the United States, Class A in the United Kingdom, and Schedule I in Canada. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Morphine is sold under many brand names. In 2020, it was the 140th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions. It is available as a generic medication.

COST ESTIMATION

Poppy Straw Processing: 80 Tons/Day

Morphine Content: 0.7%

Yield: 0.56%

Plant Capacity            448 KG/Day  

Land & Building (10,000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 5.50 Cr    

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 8.00 Cr 

Working Capital for 2 Month    Rs. 84.46 Cr 

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 98.66 Cr 

Rate of Return                          32%

Break Even Point                      36%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

USES AND APPLICATION OF MORPHINE

MEDICAL USES

PAIN

SHORTNESS OF BREATH

PROPERTIES AND PHARMACOLOGY

PHARMACOLOGY

PHARMACODYNAMICS

MORPHINE AT OPIOID RECEPTORS

EQUIANALGESIC DOSES

MORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMPOULE FOR VETERINARY USE

GENE EXPRESSION

EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

NATURAL OCCURRENCE

CONCENTRATED POPPY STRAW

FORMING CPS FROM POPPY STRAW:

ALKALOIDS COMPOSITION:

ADVANTAGES OF CPS (CONCENTRATED POPPY STRAW)

ADVANTAGES OF CPS:

CHALLENGES:

CPS: A WAY FORWARD

OPIUM POPPY PLANT

OPIUM POPPY GROWING AREAS

MORPHINE EXTRACTION FROM CONCENTRATE POPPY STRAW

MARKET OVERVIEW OF MORPHINE

MORPHINE OVERVIEW

MORPHINE MARKET LEADERS

MORPHINE FROM OPIUM

FIGURE: MORPHINE EXTRACTION PROCESS

FIGURE: PROCESS OF ACETYLATION OF MORPHINE

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF MORPHINE FROM POPPY MEAL

RAW MATERIALS

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF MORPHINE FROM POPPY STRAW

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT

STORAGE LAYOUT:

EQUIPMENT LAYOUT:

SAFETY:

PLANT EXPANSION:

FLOOR SPACE:

UTILITIES SERVICING:

BUILDING:

MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT:

RAILROADS AND ROADS:

MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:

PLANT LOCATION FACTORS

PRIMARY FACTORS

1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:

2. MARKETS:

3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:

4. WATER SUPPLY:

5. CLIMATE:

SPECIFIC FACTORS

6. TRANSPORTATION:

A. AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SERVICES AND PROJECTED RATES

7. WASTE DISPOSAL:

8. LABOR:

9. REGULATORY LAWS:

10. TAXES:

11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:

12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:

13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:

14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:

EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT

1. DEPRECIATION:

2. FIXED ASSETS:

3. WORKING CAPITAL:

4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:

5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:

6. MARGIN MONEY:

7. TOTAL LOAD:

8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT HANDLING

PROJECT SCHEDULING

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

TIME SCHEDULE

ADDRESSES OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSETS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)