Detailed Project Report on nicotine sulphate 40% from tobacco dust and leaves
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NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
FROM TOBACCO DUST AND LEAVES
[CODE NO.4291]
From harvesting of tobacco to manufacture of products, large quantities of waste materials comprising rejected leaves broken bits of lamina nidribs, stalks and stems accumulate such materials however can be utilized with considerable benefit. Nicotine and tobacco seeds are by far the most important by products derived from tobacco waste.
In addition many other chemicals like nicotine acid, nicotine sulphate, rutin, pectic and certain organic acids can be produced from these wastes.
The average nicotine content in Indian tobacco waste is 1-3% waste containing even less than 2 percent nicotine can be utilized. A simple and economic process by which about 95% of the nicotine present in tobacco waste can be recovered as nicotine sulphate has been developed by National Chemical Laboratory, Poona, and is being commercially exploited by Tobacco By Products Ltd., Guntur Urvakunj Tobacco By Products, Dharmaj (Gujarat) is also one of the nicotine sulphate manufacturing units.
Nicotine sulphate is extensively used in the control of insect pest of agricultural importance. It is being manufactured from waste tobacco and from the liquors obtained from factories making chewing and smoking tobacco. The waste tobacco is macerated with water and lime and then steam distilled. The distillate is neutralized with sulphuric acid and concentrated.
USES AND ADVANTAGE OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
1. Nicotine sulphate is classed as a contact insecticide, but appears to act principally as a furnigant and some times as a stomach poison.
2. It is effective against a number of vegetable and fruit pests, particularly the soft bodied and minute insects including aphids, white flies, leaf hoppers, thrips, red spiders, snails slugs, and cabbage butterfly larvac.
3. It is not persistent, and at high dilutious commonly used; it does not leave dangerous traces in products for human consumption.
4. Nicotine sulphate is safer and more convenient to handle and the free alkaloid is rapidly liberated by the addition of soap, hydrated lime, or ammonium hydroxide to the spray solution.
5. Nicotine sulfate (C10H14N). H2SO4 has been in used as a aphicide on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals because it is less volatile than nicotine and safer to handle.
Nicotine Sulphate is an insecticide of plant origin. It is very effective against a wide range of insect-pests affecting crops of economic importance as well as on ectoparasites affecting livestock.
Chemical Composition:
Nicotine Sulphate 40% contains Nicotine Alkaloid 400gm/1000gm i.e., 40%(w/w) Vegetable Oils, Tar, etc. 20gm /1000gm i.e.,2% (w/w) Water and other ingredients 580gm/1000 gm i.e., 58% (w/w).
Mode of Action:
Nicotine Sulphate acts upon the central nervous system of the insects. It has both contact as well as fumigation action.
Uses:
• Nicotine Sulphate 40% is used to kill aphids, bugs, worms, leafhoppers and similar sucking insects which attack and destroy fruit, vegetables, crops and even flowers. It is also effective against Lice, Mites and Ticks which are a menace to livestock.
• Nicotine Sulphate is a salt of nicotine and sulfuric acid. The nicotine is extracted from tobacco leaves and fixed as nicotine sulfate. Nicotine Sulphate is a brown liquid with a specific gravity of 1.2
• Nicotine Sulphate is a starting material for manufacturing purified nicotine complying USP and EP pharmacopeias. Nicotine USP/EP is widely used in manufacturing salts and complexes of nicotine and electronic cigarettes.
Special Features:
• Nicotine Sulphate being washable in water does not have any toxic remnant; hence it is a very safe pesticide.
• Nicotine Sulphate being an insecticide of plant origin does not pollute the environment.
• No immunity has ever been developed by any pest against this product during its ninety-year continuous usage.
Advantages:
• While synthetic pesticides leave toxic remnants on fruits and vegetables, Nicotine Sulphate being highly bio-degradable does not leave any objectionable residue on market produce. Hence, it is an extremely safe pesticide.
• Nicotine Sulphate being an insecticide of plant origin does not pollute the environment like other chemical insecticides.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 2 MT/Day
Land & Building (20,000 sq.mt.) Rs. 14.54 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 1.72 Cr
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 7.66 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 24.19 Cr
Rate of Return 35%
Break Even Point 38%
- INTRODUCTION
- USES AND ADVANTAGE OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
- MODE OF ACTION:
- USES:
- SPECIAL FEATURES:
- ADVANTAGES:
- PROPERTIES OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
- HAZARD AND SHIPPING REGULATION:-
- PHYSIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF NICOTINE
- NICOTINE COMPOUND
- NICOTINE SULPHATE 40% SOLUTION
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- 1. SCOPE
- 2. REQUIREMENTS
- 3. PACKING AND MARKING
- 4. SAMPLING
- 5. TESTS
- APPENDIX -A
- DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE CONTENT
- A - 1 METHOD
- A - 2 REAGENTS
- A - 3 PROCEDURE
- APPENDIX - B
- SEDIMENTATION TEST
- B - 1 PROCEDURE
- B - 2 REPORT
- COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION NICOTINE SULPHATE 40% SOLUTION
- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
- MODE OF ACTION:
- USES:
- CHEMICAL FORMULA:
- ADVANTAGES:
- NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
- NICOTINE MARKET IN INDIA
- PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO AND TOBACCO WASTES:
- NICOTINE / NICOTINE DERIVATIVES FROM TOBACCO:
- NICOTINE AND ITS COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT DERIVATIVES:
- WORLD PESTICIDE MARKET AND PROSPECTS FOR NICOTINE SULPHATE
- STATUS OF TOBACCO WASTE BASED INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
- OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR NICOTINE BASED PRODUCTS
- NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATE USE FOR TOBACCO:
- [COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT APPLICATIONS]:
- A LOOK AT THE ORGANS OF THE BODY HARMED BY TOBACCO SMOKE
- PHARMACEUTICAL USE OF NICOTINE:
- COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE & NICOTINE DERIVATIVES
- MARKET PRICES OF NICOTINE AND ITS SALTS:
- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
- RECOMMENDATIONS:
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
- CHEMISTRY OF NICOTINE
- THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION INSTALLATION WAS BUILT UP AS FOLLOWS:-
- (1) THE STEAM DISTILLATION KETTLE.
- (2) THE STEAM-HEATED NICOTINE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER.
- (3) THE NICOTINE CONCENTRATIOIN FLASKS.
- (D) THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION PROCESS.
- (1) THE CONCENTRATION OF THE ACID IN THE FLASKS.
- (2) THE TEMPERATURE OF THE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER
- (3) THE DLSTILLATION PERIOD.
- (4) THE AMMONIUNN SULPHATE FORMED IN 'THE RECEIVING FLASKS.
- (5) THE SEPARATION OF THE AMMONIUM SULPHATE AND NECOTINE SULPHATE
- VALUE OF BY PRODUCTS
- THE EXTRACTED TOBACCO RESIDUE
- COMMERCIAL
- CHARACTERISTICS & APPLICATION OF NICOTINE:-
- MODE ACTION:-
- ZONES OF CULTIVATION OF TOBACCO:-
- RAW MATERIALS
- TOBACCO:-
- CULTIVATION
- SOWING AND GROWTH
- HARVEST
- GLOBAL PRODUCTION
- TRENDS
- MAJOR PRODUCERS
- UNITED STATES
- CHINA
- BRAZIL
- INDIA
- BENZENE:-
- HAZARD:-
- LIME:-
- HAZARD:-
- SULFURIC ACID:-
- HAZARD:-
- TOBACCO LEAF BY-PRODUCTS (TOBACCO WASTE)
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS NICOTINE SULPHATE (40%)
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NICOTINE (USP)
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- NICOTINE EXTRACTION FROM TOBACCO LEAVES
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN DETAILS
- EXTRACTION OF NICOTINE BY MEANS OF STEAM:-
- PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR NICOTINE SULPHATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
- PRODUCTION OF NICOTINE SULFATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
- NICOTINE SULPHATE (MANUFACTURING PROCESS)
- A) REMOVAL FROM THE RAW MATERIAL BY WATER:-
- B) DIRECT REMOVAL FROM THE RAW MATERIAL STEAM:-
- III. DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION
- RECOVERY OF SOLVENT
- IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE:-
- OPTIMIZATION OF NICOTINE SUPPHATE
- MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF NICOTINE SULPHATE 40 %
- TESTING METHOD OF NICOTINE AND NICOTINE SULPHATE
- EXAMPLE L
- STAGE 1 HARVESTING AND DEEP FREEZING
- STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
- STAGE III EXTRACTION
- STAGE IV SEPARATION
- STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
- STAGE VI TESTING
- STAGE VII PACKING
- EXAMPLE 2
- STAGE 1 MIXING
- STAGE II PERCOLATION
- STAGE III EXTRACTION
- STAGE IV SEPARATION
- STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
- STAGE VI PACKING
- STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
- STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE X TESTING.
- STAGE XI PACKING
- EXAMPLE 3
- STAGE 1 MIXING
- STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
- STAGE III EXTRACTION
- STAGE IV SEPARATION
- STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
- STAGE VI PACKING
- STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE X TESTING
- STAGE XI PACKING
- EXAMPLE 4
- STAGE 1 MIXING
- STAGE II PERCOLATION
- STAGE III EXTRACTION
- STAGE IV SEPARATION
- STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
- STAGE VI PACKING
- STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
- STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE X TESTING
- STAGE XI PACKING
- EXAMPLE 5
- STAGE I WASHINGS OF THE INSOLUBLE FRACTION
- STAGE II CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
- STAGE III CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
- STAGE IV RECONSTITUTION OF THE TOBACCO BY IMPREGNATION
- STAGE V TESTING OF THE TOBACCO
- STAGE VI PACLDNG
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- SUPPLIERS OF TOBACCO WASTE
- SUPPLIERS OF
- BENZENE
- SUPPLIERS OF LIME POWDER
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- SUPPLIERS OF REACTION VESSEL
- SUPPLIERS OF INDUSTRIAL FILTERS
- SUPPLIERS OF DISTILLATION UNITS
- SUPPLIERS OF EVAPORATORS
- SUPPLIERS OF TRAY DRYER
- SUPPLIERS OF DIGESTER TANKS
- SUPPLIERS OF CRYSTALLIZATION TRAY
- SUPPLIERS OF CENTRIFUGE MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE TANK
- SUPPLIERS OF WATER SOFTENING PLANT
- SUPPLIERS OF STEAM BOILERS
- SUPPLIERS OF GENERATOR (D.G. SET)
- SUPPLIERS OF PACKING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF CONVEYOR BELT
- SUPPLIERS OF ELEVATORS, ESCALATORS
- BUYER’S LIST OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
- BUYER’S OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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