Oxygen (Industrial/Medical) and Nitrogen (99.99%)

OXYGEN (INDUSTRIAL/MEDICAL) AND NITROGEN (99.99%)

[EIRI/EDPR/4741] J.C.: 2961XL

INTRODUCTION

Industrial gases are gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in Industry. The principal gases provided are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, helium and acetylene; although a huge variety of gases and mixtures are available in gas cylinders. The industry producing these gases is known as the industrial gases industry, which is seen as also encompassing the supply of equipment and technology to produce and use the gases. Their production is a part of the wider chemical Industry (where industrial gases are often seen as "specialty chemicals").

Industrial gases are used in a wide range of industries, which include oil and gas, petrochemicals, chemicals, power, mining, steelmaking, metals, environmental protection, medicine, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food, water, fertilizers, nuclear power, electronics and aerospace. Industrial gas is sold to other industrial enterprises; typically comprising large orders to corporate industrial clients, covering a size range from building a process facility or pipeline down to cylinder gas supply.

Some trade scale business is done, typically through tied local agents who are supplied wholesale. This business covers the sale or hire of gas cylinders and associated equipment to tradesmen and occasionally the general public. This includes products such as balloon helium, dispensing gases for beer kegs, welding gases and welding equipment, LPG and medical oxygen.

Retail sales of small scale gas supply are not confined to just the industrial gas companies or their agents. A wide variety of hand-carried small gas containers, which may be called cylinders, bottles, cartridges, capsules or canisters are available to supply LPG, butane, propane, carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide. Examples are Whipped-cream chargers, powerlets, campingaz and sodastream.

The great importance of the industrial gas, oxygen is due to the usefulness of the acetylene torch for steel welding and steel cutting, and for the welding of other metals, to lesser degree to the oxyhydrogen flame. Oxygen gas in the breathing apparatus for a visitors at high altitudes and for oxygentents in hospitals is a  high altitudes and for oxygentents in hospitals is a more recent development. An extension of the use of oxygen lies in the increased intensity and speed of reactions brought about by oxygen enriched air instead of ordinary air; the reduction of the cycle time so achieved in chemical or metallurgical process permits a greater yield per volume of equipment, and brings about lower costs. Oxygen as a raw material for synthesizing chemical compounds is in daily use (ethylene oxide, sodium peroxide). Liquid oxygen mixed with carbon black may yet become an important and cheap explosive.

On the commercial scale, oxygen is made from atmospheric air small production by the electrolysis of water is the result of special circumstances.

All processes based on atmospheric air involve two steps which are distinct even when combined in one piece of equipment: (1) the liquefaction of air (Preceded by a purification, and (2) separation of the oxygen from the nitrogen by fractionating the Liquid in a plate column.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            2160 Nm3/Day

Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 2.80 Cr

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 1.13 Cr

Working Capital for 2 Months    Rs. 73.03 Lac

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 7.71 Cr

Rate of Return                          27%

Break Even Point                      59%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

IN ADDITION, AIR CONTAINS IN SMALLER AMOUNTS, HYDROGEN AND CARE GASES:

CARBON DIOXIDE

NITROGEN

ARGON

PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS

PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN

GRADE

HAZARD

PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN

GRADES OF NITROGEN:

PROPERTIES OF ARGON

GRADES:

SHIPMENT:

USES AND APPLICATION

CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING

STEEL MANUFACTURING & METAL FABRICATION

HEALTH CARE & MEDICAL

ELECTRONICS

FOOD & BEVERAGE

WATER TREATMENT

ACETYLENE

HYDROGEN

CARBON DIOXIDE

NITROGEN

OXYGEN

ARGON

USES AND APPLICATION OF OXYGEN

CHEMICALS

EXPLOSIVES

OTHER USES

USES OF NITROGEN:

USES OF CARBON DIOXIDE:

COMMERCIAL USES

CARBON DIOXIDE CONTAINERS

LIQUEFIED CARBON DIOXIDE CONTAINERS

HANDLING PRE-CAUTIONS

DRY ICE CONVERTERS

CONVERTER HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

USES OF ARGON GAS:

B.I.S. SPECIFICATION

INDIAN STANDARDS:

COMPOSITION OF AIR:

MARKET 0VERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL GASES

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS

BY GAS TYPE ANALYSIS

OXYGEN SEGMENT TO DOMINATE BACKED BY SURGING USAGE IN FLAME HARDENING

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET INSIGHTS

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT TYPE

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET ANALYSIS BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET TOP PLAYER'S

PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF OXYGEN AND NITROGEN

RAW MATERIALS

GAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF AIR

TABLE- THE AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF AIR

LIQUEFACTION

FIGURE SHOWS THE LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL AIR LIQUIFACTION PLANT.

FIGURE - TYPICAL LAYOUT OF AN AIR LIQUIFACTION PLANT

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

CYLINDER FILLING

PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF NITROGEN GAS GENERATOR

PROCESS FLOW OF NITROGEN GENERATION PLANT

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE OF OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE & ARGON

CARBON DIOXIDE

OXYGEN AND NITROGEN GAS

OTHER DETAILS OF OXYGEN AND NITROGEN SEPARATION FROM AIR

DISTRIBUTIONS

FILLING

CYLINDERS

LIQUID OXYGEN

ARGON GAS:

PROCESS IN DETAILS

PRETREATING

SEPARATING

PURIFYING

QUALITY CONTROL

PROCESS DETAILS:

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

CRYOGENIC LIQUID DISTRIBUTION METHOD

GAS PURITY MEASUREMENTS IN GAS BOTTLING PLANTS

TABLE- GAS BOTTLING PLANT GAS ANALYZER APPLICATIONS

ADDRESSER OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS

AIR COMPRESSORS

DISTILLATION UNITS

CONDENSER

HEAT EXCHANGER

REFRIGERATION PLANTS

STORAGE TANKS

LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS

INSTRUMENTATION & PROCESS CONTROL EQUIPMENTS

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS

CAUSTIC SODA

LUBRICATING OIL

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)