Pressure Vessels (4160 Numbers per Annum)

PRESSURE VESSELS

[EIRI/EDPR/4656] J.C.: 2873XL

The pressure vessels such as cylinder, pipeline or tanks are used to store fluids under pressure. The fluid being stored may undergo a change of state inside the pressure vessel as in case of steam boilers or it may combine with other reagents as in a chemical plant. The pressure vessels are designed with great care because rupture of pressure vessels means an explosion which may cause loss of life and property. The material of pressure vessels may be brittle such that cast iron or ductile such as mild steel. Pressure vessels, hydraulic cylinders, gun barrels, pipes, boilers and tanks are, in fact, essential to the chemical, petroleum, petrochemical and nuclear industries. It is in this class of equipment that the reactions, separations, and storage of raw materials occur. Generally, pressurized equipment is required for a wide range of industrial plant for storage and manufacturing purposes.

Pressure Vessel Shapes

Pressure vessels can be of any shape, but in most cases, they are made of sections of cones, cylinders, or spheres. Cylinder remains the most common shape of all and its end caps are referred to as heads, which also have different shapes. While other shapes can be used, they are avoided because they are harder to build and it is difficult to ensure safety.

A sphere is an ideal shape for making a pressure vessel, but it is costly to manufacture as there are a lot of complications involved. Therefore, the cylindrical shape is more common these days, even though their width can increase the cost.

Pressure Vessels are containers which are designed to hold liquids, vapors, or gases at high pressures, usually above 15 psig. Examples of common pressure vessels used in the petroleum refining and chemical processing industries include, but are not limited to, storage tanks, boilers, and heat exchangers. Each individual vessel has its own operating limits built in by design that it has to work under, refered to as its design pressure and design temperature. Operating outside of these limits could damage the equipment and potentially lead to loss of containment or catastrophic failure.

Because they work under immense pressures, a ruptured pressure vessel can be incredibly dangerous, leading to poison gas leaks, fires, and even explosions. For this reason, pressure vessel safety is imperative. There are several standards and practices that cover the construction, maintenance, and inspection of pressure vessels. Chief among these standards are ASME Section VIII and API 510.

ASME Section VIII is the section of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) that covers pressure vessels. It gives detailed requirements for the design, fabrication, testing, inspection, and certification of both fired and unfired pressure vessels.

API 510, "Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration" is an inspection code, written and published by the American Petroleum Institute, that covers the in-service inspection, repair, alteration, and rerating activities for pressure vessels and the pressure relieving devices protecting these vessels.

When it comes to inspections, most pressure vessels should be examined once before being placed into service and again.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                                  4160 Nos/Year  

Land & Building (8000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 4.34 Cr    

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 5.79 Cr 

Working Capital for 3 Months    Rs. 11.71 Cr 

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 22.71 Cr 

Rate of Return                          104%

Break Even Point                      27%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

PRESSURE VESSEL SHAPES

PRESSURE VESSEL DEFINITION

PRESSURE VESSEL DEFINITION - SCOPE

BOUNDARIES

WHAT IS API CODE DEFINITION FROM PRESSURE VESSEL?

WHAT IS THE API STD 510 COVERAGE?

CLASSIFICATION OR TYPES OF PRESSURE VESSELS:

1. ACCORDING TO FABRICATION:

2. ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONS:

3. ACCORDING TO MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION:

4. ACCORDING TO PRESSURE:

5. ACCORDING TO METHOD OF HEATING:

6. ACCORDING TO GEOMETRY OF VESSELS:

7. ACCORDING TO ORIENTATION OF PRESSURE VESSELS:

8. ACCORDING TO INSTALLATION OF PRESSURE VESSELS:

9. ACCORDING TO WALL THICKNESS OF PRESSURE VESSELS:

TYPES OF PRESSURE VESSELS ACCORDING TO SHAPE

SPHERICAL PRESSURE VESSEL

CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSELS

CONICAL PRESSURE VESSEL

TYPES OF PRESSURE VESSELS ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

STORAGE VESSELS

HEAT EXCHANGERS

PROCESS VESSELS

COMPONENTS OF PRESSURE VESSEL

VESSELS PARTS:

IN PRESSURE VESSEL FOLLOWING ARE THE GENERAL VESSEL PARTS:

1. VESSEL BODY

2. VESSEL HEADS

3. VESSEL SUPPORTS

4. NOZZLES AND MANHOLES

5. FLANGES

6. GASKETS

7. INTERNALS

MAIN COMPONENTS OF PRESSURE VESSEL

THE MAIN PRESSURE VESSEL COMPONENTS ARE AS FOLLOW:

SHELL

HEAD

NOZZLES

SUPPORT

TYPICAL KINDS OF SUPPORTS ARE AS FOLLOW:

SKIRT

LEG

SADDLE

RAW MATERIAL SECTION: 

BASIS ON DESIGN CRITERIA: 

BASIS ON DESIGN LOADS: 

MATERIALS:  

ALLOWABLE STRESS:

USES AND APPLICATION OF PRESSURE VESSEL

SPHERICAL PRESSURE VESSEL (SPHERE)

CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSEL

LIFTING AND HANDLING OF A PRESSURE VESSEL

HEAT EXCHANGERS

ADVANTAGES OF SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS;

TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGER

(1) PARALLEL-FLOW AND COUNTER FLOW

PARALLEL-FLOW AND COUNTER-FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER

(2) CROSS FLOW

FINNED AND UNFINNED TUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGER

(3) SHELL-AND-TUBE

U-TUBE, SINGLE PASS STRAIGHT AND TWO PASS STRAIGHT HEAT EXCHANGER

SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

TYPES OF SHELL AND TUBE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER

(A) STRAIGHT TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER (ONE PASS TUBE TYPE)

(B) STRAIGHT TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER (TWOPASS TUBE TYPE)

(C) U TUBE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER

CONSTRUCTION

FIG: CONSTRUCTION OF STHE

FIG: COMPONENT OF STHE TUBES

SHELL

TUBE

TUBE PITCH, TUBE-LAYOUT AND TUBE-COUNT

TUBE PASSES

TUBE SHEET

BAFFLES

SEMI-CIRCULAR CUT-SEGMENTAL BAFFLE

DIFFERENT TYPE OF HEAT EXCHANGER BAFFLE FOULING CONSIDERATIONS

WORKING

TABLE: TYPICAL VALUES OF FOULING COEFFICIENTS AND RESISTANCES

FIGURE: WORKING OF STHE

FOLLOWING MATERIALS ARE USED IN HEAT EXCHANGER

STAINLESS STEEL

COPPER

FABRICATION WORK

FLOW CHART FOR PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN STEPS

INTRODUCTION

PRESSURE VESSELS 

FUEL STORAGE TANK OFTEN USED IN THE FOLLOWING CIRCUMSTANCES:

PRESSURE VESSEL TYPES

PROCESS PRESSURE VESSEL: 

AUTOCLAVES:

HIGH-PRESSURE VESSELS: 

EXPANSION TANKS: 

HEAT EXCHANGERS:

WATER PRESSURE TANKS: 

VACUUM TANKS: 

ASME PRESSURE VESSELS: 

PRESSURE VESSEL APPLICATION IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

BOILERS: 

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

MAIN COMPONENTS OF PRESSURE VESSEL 

ENERGY OR POWER GENERATION INDUSTRY

1. SHELL 

2. HEAD/DISHEND 

TYPES OF HEAD/DISHEND

3. NOZZLE 

4. SUPPORT 

TYPES OF SUPPORTS 

I.SADDLE SUPPORT: 

II.LEG SUPPORT: 

III.LUG SUPPORT: 

TYPES OF SUPPORTS

IV.SKIRT SUPPORT: 

DESIGN CRITERIA OF PRESSURE VESSELS:

DESIGN PRESSURE: 

THE CYLINDRICAL SHELL THICKNESS BASED ON PRESSURE:

DESIGN OF HEAD & CLOSURE UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE

1. FLAT PLATES AND FORMED FLAT HEADS

2. HEMISPHERICAL HEADS

3. ELLIPSOIDAL HEADS

4. TORISPHERICAL HEADS

5. CONICAL HEADS

DESIGN TEMPERATURE: 

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS: 

JOINT EFFICIENCY: 

CORROSION ALLOWANCE: 

ASME STANDARDS TO DESIGN AND VALIDATE PRESSURE VESSELS 

ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE IS AS FOLLOWS: 

DESIGN FORMULAS: 

CODE FORMULAS FOR CALCULATION OF VESSEL COMPONENT THICKNESS

CUTTING

CUTTING THIN STEEL SHEET

ROLLING

SURFACE GRINDING

DRILLING

GAS METAL ARC WELDING

USES AND APPLICATION

APPLICATION OF SHELL AND TUBE

B.I.S. SPECIFICATION

FABRICATION /MANUFACTURING PROCESS

(A) FOR PREESURE VESSEL

FABRICATION PROCESS

GUIDELINE FOR FABRICATION OF PRESSURE VESSEL

COMPONENTS

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

PRESSING

SPINNING

BENDING

THE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FALL UNDER THE FOLLOWING HEADINGS:

FIGURE 1: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PLATE BENDING

MANUFACTURE

FLAT HEADS:

FIGURE 2: PLATE MARKING AND TRANSFER OF IDENTIFICATION

DISHED HEADS:

THE DIMENSIONS TO BE CHECKED FOR DISHED HEADS ARE AS FOLLOWS:

SHELL:

FIGURE 3: DIMENSIONAL CHECK OF FLAT HEADS

FIGURE 4: DIMENSIONAL CHECK OF DISHED HEADS

THE FOLLOWING DIMENSIONS FOR SHELL ARE CHECKED:

CONES:

THE FOLLOWING DIMENSIONS ARE MEASURED:

FIGURE 5: DIMENSIONAL CHECK OF SHELLS

QUALITY CONTROL

QUALITY CONTROL DURING FORMING AND SHAPING OF COMPONENTS:

QUALITY CONTROL DURING ASSEMBLY OF PARTS:

QUALITY CONTROL DURING PRODUCTION WELDING:

INSPECTION AND TESTS

(A) INSPECTION DURING MANUFACTURE – 

(B) INSPECTION DURING FABRICATION

(C) INSPECTION OF COMPLETED PRESSURE VESSELS

TESTING OF PRESSURE VESSEL 

BENEFITS OF PRESSURE VESSEL TESTING 

METHODS OF PRESSURE VESSEL TESTING

(A) NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING METHOD

1. VISUAL TEST (VT)

2. LIQUID PENETRANT TEST (PT)

3. MAGNETIC PARTICLE TEST (MT)

4. RADIOGRAPHIC TEST (RT)

5. ULTRASONIC TESTING (UT)

(B) DESTRUCTIVE TESTING METHOD

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TESTING

HYDROSTATIC TEST

MINIMUM HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURE = 1.3 X MAWP X LSR

PNEUMATIC TEST

AFTER THE PRESSURE TEST

THE MAIN STAGES OF HEAT EXCHANGER MANUFACTURE ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1. IDENTIFICATION OF MATERIALS

2. EDGE PREPARATION AND ROLLING OF SHELL SECTIONS, TACK WELDING, AND ALIGNMENT FOR WELDING OF LONGITUDINAL SEAMS FABRICATION OF SHELL

FIGURE - ROLLING OF SHELL PLATE. (COURTESY OF EDMONTON EXCHANGER & MANUFACTURING LTD, EDMONTON, ALBERTA, CANADA.)

3. WELDING OF SHELLS, CHECKING THE DIMENSIONS, AND SUBJECTING PIECES TO RADIOGRAPHY

4. CHECKING THE CIRCULARITY OF THE SHELL AND THE ASSEMBLY FIT, INCLUDING NOZZLES AND EXPANSION JOINTS

WELDING OF NOZZLES

SUPPORTS

ATTACHMENT OF EXPANSION JOINTS

5. TUBESHEET AND BAFFLE DRILLING

TUBESHEET DRILLING

TUBE HOLE FINISH

DRILLING OF BAFFLES

6. TUBE BUNDLE ASSEMBLY

ASSEMBLY OF TUBE BUNDLE OUTSIDE THE EXCHANGER SHELL

THE END RING METHOD IS EXPLAINED NEXT.

IMPINGEMENT BAFFLES

ASSEMBLY OF TUBE BUNDLE INSIDE THE SHELL

TUBE NEST ASSEMBLY OF LARGE STEAM CONDENSERS

CAUTIONS TO EXERCISE WHILE INSERTING TUBES

ASSEMBLY OF U-TUBE BUNDLE

7. TUBESHEET TO SHELL WELDING

THE END RING METHOD IS EXPLAINED NEXT

8. TUBE-TO-TUBE SHEET JOINING BY ROLLING/WELDING 

VARIOUS METHODS OF TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET JOINT WELDING

WELDING PROCESS

GTAW OF TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET WELDING: 

MANUAL TIG WELDING: 

9. ORBITAL/AUTOMATIC TIG WELDING: 

FIGURE: ORBITAL TIG WELDING HEAD—WELDING OF RECESSED TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET. (COURTESY OF POLYSOUDE S.A.S, NANTES, FRANCE.)

ORBITAL WELDING

ENCLOSED ORBITAL TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET WELDING HEADS WITHOUT FILLER WIRE

OPEN TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET WELDING HEADS WITH OR WITHOUT FILLER WIRE

WELDING EQUIPMENTS

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF TUBES AND WELD PREPARATIONS

WELDING OF FLUSH TUBES

WELDING OF FLUSH TUBES WITH ADDITION OF FILLER WIRE

WELDING OF PROTRUDING TUBES

WELDING OF RECESSED TUBES

INTERNAL BORE WELDING

INTERNAL BORE WELDING BEHIND THE TUBESHEET

FIGURE- INTERNAL BORE WELDING BEHIND THE TUBESHEET BY TIG WELDING. (COURTESY OF POLYSOUDE S.A.S, NANTES, FRANCE.)

WELDING OF SECTIONS OF UNEQUAL THICKNESS

WELDED MOCK-UPS

INSPECTION OF TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET JOINT WELD 

LEAK TESTING OF TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET JOINT

TEMA STANDARDS ON TESTING OF TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET JOINTS

BRAZING METHOD FOR TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET JOINTS

(10) HEAT TREATMENT

1. WITH TUBES WELDED IN ONE TUBESHEET AND LEFT FREE IN THE OTHER TUBESHEET

THE PROCEDURE ADOPTED IS AS FOLLOWS: 

2. BOTH ENDS OF THE TUBES WELDED WITH TUBESHEETS

HEAT TREATMENT: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

ASSEMBLY OF CHANNELS/END CLOSURES

BOLT TIGHTENING

11. TESTING

ASME CODE REQUIREMENT

TEMA STANDARD REQUIREMENT

(A) HYDROSTATIC TESTING

HYDROSTATIC TESTING PROCEDURE

HYDROSTATIC TEST FLUID

(B) PNEUMATIC TESTS

PNEUMATIC TESTING PROCEDURE

(12) PAINTING

(13) MAKING UP CERTIFICATES

(3) FABRICATION PROCESS OF CROGENIC TANK

FABRICATION PROCESS

MATERIAL OF CONSTRCTION

FABRICATION

1. FORMING: 

2. WELDING: 

3. SURFACE TREATMENT: 

CLEANING OF STAINLESS STEEL SURFACES

(A) MECHANICAL CLEANING: 

(B) DEGREASING: 

(C) PICKLING:

(D) PASSIVATION: 

CLEANING OF CARBON STEEL SURFACES

(4) PAINTING: 

(5) TESTS

(A) ULTRASONIC TEST:

(B) RADIOGRAPHIC TEST: 

(C) PRESSURE TEST: 

(D) LEAK TEST: 

(E) PERFORMANCE TEST: 

(6) INSPECTION

(4) HEAT TREAT MENT

(A) HEAT TREATMENT OF PRESSURE VESSEL

THE FOLLOWING EQUIPMENT AND CONSUMABLES WILL BE USED: 

PROCEDURE 

TEMPERATURE RECORDING

NOTIFICATION OF HEAT TREATMENT

TEMPERATURE CONTROL: 

RECORDS: 

(B) HEAT TREATMENT OF SHELL AND TUBE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER

THE PROCEDURE ADOPTED IS AS FOLLOWS: 

HEAT TREATMENT: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT

OBJECTIVES OF HEAT TREATMENT

TYPES OF HEAT TREATMENT

EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN STEEL QUALITY AND PWHT

ASME CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR PWHT

QUALITY CONTROL DURING HEAT TREATMENT

METHODS OF PWHT

EFFECTIVENESS OF HEAT TREATMENT

DEFECTS DUE TO HEAT TREATMENT 

NDT AFTER PWHT

(A) PAINTING SYSTEMS FOR PRESSURE VESSEL

APPLICABLE PAINT SCHEDULE SYSTEMS (EXTERNAL)

(B) APPLICABLE PAINT SCHEDULE SYSTEM (INTERNAL)

(I) SURFACE PREPARATION 

GENERAL

DESCRIPTION ON SURFACE PREPARATION METHODS

(A) DEGREASING 

(B) BLAST CLEANING 

BLASTING MATERIALS:

(C) POWER OR HAND TOOL CLEANING 

HAND TOOL CLEANING:

(D) SURFACE PREPARATION REQUIREMENTS 

(II) PAINTING APPLICATION 

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

(III) MIXING 

(IV) THINNING 

(V) PRIMING 

(VI) PAINTING 

(B) PAINTING OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

(C) PAINTING OF CRYOGENIC TANKS

MARKET POSITION OF PRESSURE VESSEL

KEY MARKET PLAYERS PROFILED IN THE PRESSURE VESSEL MARKET INCLUDES:

PRESSURE VESSEL MARKET AND TYPE OF PRESSURE VESSEL

PRESSURE VESSEL MARKET AND END USERS

MAJOR END USERS FOR PRESSURE VESSEL MARKET ARE:

KEY DEVELOPMENTS: PRESSURE VESSEL MARKET

MATERIAL INSIGHTSPRODUCT INSIGHTS

END-USE INSIGHTS

REGIONAL INSIGHTS

SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS MARKET POSITION

END-USE INSIGHTS

REGIONAL INSIGHTS

KEY COMPANIES 

CRYOGENIC TANKS MARKET POSITION

CRYOGENIC LIQUID INSIGHTS

APPLICATION INSIGHTS

END-USER INSIGHTS

KEY COMPANIES 

SUPPLIERS OF PRESSURE VESSEL

SUPPLIERS OF HEAT EXCHANGER

SUPPLIERS OF CRYOGENIC TANKS

SUPPLIERS OF MACHINERIES

METAL SHEET LASER CUTTING MACHINE

NC DISHING PRESS WITH MANIPULATOR

EOT CRANE- 20-100 TON

WELDING ROTATOR- 5 TON

SAW WELDING MACHINE WITH BOOM

ARC WELDING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

SUPPLIERS OF M.S PLATE

SUPPLIERS OF M.S. PIPE

SUPPLIERS OF MILD STEEL ROD (M.S ROD)

SUPPLIERS OF SS SHEET

SUPPLIERS OF SS BAR

SUPPLIERS OF SS PIPE AND TUBE

SUPPLIERS OF HYDROCLORIC ACID

SUPPLIERS OF MIG WELDING WIRE ELECTRODE

SUPPLIERS OF COATING AND PAINTING MATERIAL

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY

SUPPLIERS OF POWER PRESS

SUPPLIERS OF SHEARING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF ROLLING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF BENDING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF UNCOILING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF SHEET LAVELING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF PUNCHING PRESS

SUPPLIERS OF CNC PLASMA CUTTING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF MILLING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF CNC LATHE MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF BOARING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF GRINDING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF SEAM WELDING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF SPOT WELDING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF MIG WELDING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF BUTT WELDING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF POWDER COATING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF PAINTING EQUIPMENTS

SUPPLIERS OF PAINTING BOOTH

SUPPLIERS OF PRECISION MEASURING TOOLS

SUPPLIERS OF NDT INSPECTION EQUIPMENT

SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

SUPPLIERS OF DG SETS

SUPPLIERS OF EOT CRANES

SUPPLIERS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS

SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL PANEL

SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRIC MOTOR

SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWER

SUPPLIERS OF EFFULENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP PLANT)

SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS

SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS

SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS

SUPPLIERS OF PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS

SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS

SUPPLIERS OF SHOT BLASTING MACHINE

SUPPLIERS OF JIGS AND FIXTURE

SUPPLIERS OF SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP

DG MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIERS

LAB EQUIPMENTS MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT

STORAGE LAYOUT: 

EQUIPMENT LAYOUT: 

SAFETY: 

PLANT EXPANSION: 

FLOOR SPACE: 

UTILITIES SERVICING: 

BUILDING: 

MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT: 

RAILROADS AND ROADS: 

MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:

PLANT LOCATION FACTORS

PRIMARY FACTORS

1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:

2. MARKETS:

3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:

4. WATER SUPPLY:

5. CLIMATE:

SPECIFIC FACTORS

6. TRANSPORTATION:

A. AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SERVICES AND PROJECTED RATES

7. WASTE DISPOSAL:

8. LABOR:

9. REGULATORY LAWS:

10. TAXES:

11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:

12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:

13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:

14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:

EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT

1. DEPRECIATION:

2. FIXED ASSETS:

3. WORKING CAPITAL:

4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:

5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:

6. MARGIN MONEY:

7. TOTAL LOAD:

8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT HANDLING

PROJECT SCHEDULING

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

TIME SCHEDULE

PLANT LAYOUT

ORGANIZATION CHART

LIST OF DOCUMENTS REQUIRED TO GET FOR LICENSES

DOCUMENTS:

OTHER LICENSES REQUIRED FOR THE SETUP:

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)