Detailed Project Report on Anhydrous Sodium Dithionite Production

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ANHYDROUS SODIUM DITHIONITE PRODUCTION

[EIRI/EDPR/1348] J.C. 111

INTRODUCTION

Sodium Hydrosulfite, also known as Sodium Dithionite had been developed at the beginning of the 20th century and was first applied for textile printing. Due to structural change in the textile industry, the importance of the application for the bleaching of wood pulp in the paper industry increased continuously.

Sodium Hydrosulfite is a white powder. Commercial sodium hydrosulfite contains 85% - 90% sodium dithionite w/w. It is readily soluble in water and shows powerful reducing action in aqueous solutions. Sodium hydrosulfite is used as a reducing agent in dying application. It undergoes reduction reaction with water-insoluble vat dye and sulfur dye to form water-soluble alkali metal salt of the dye (leuco form) so that they have affinity for the textile fiber.

The reductive decomposition of the excessive dye by sodium hydrosulfite improve the colour fastness. Sodium hydrosulfite's reduction reaction removes residual oxide and wrong pigments. Sodium hydrosulfite is a reductive bleaching agent. It reduces carbonyl and alcohol groups, which function as colorants of the substances. It is used in bleaching mechanical paper pulp, cotton, and wool and kaolin clay. Additional applications include water treatment, leather processing, food processing, gas purification, cleaning, printing and stripping. In addition to a reducing agent function, sodium hydrosulfite functions as a sulphonating agent and sodium ion source in a variety of chemical reactions.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity 20 MT/Day

Land & Building (1.5 Acres) US$ 6.01 Lac

Plant & Machinery US$ 1.66 Lac

Working Capital for 2 Months US$ 8.90 Lac

Total Capital Investment US$ 17.56 Lac

Rate of Return 60%

Break Even Point 44%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

ANHYDROUS SODIUM DITHIONITE (NA2S2O4)

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SUMMARY OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ANHYDROUS SODIUM DITHIONITE

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

APPEARANCE: WHITE TO GRAY-WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER

USES & APPLICATION

MARKET SURVEY

CO2 TO FORMIC ACID CONVERSION PROCESS

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF MACHINERY

MULTI STAGE REACTOR

CONDENSER

BOILER

CONTROL PANEL

ELECTRICALS

MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR SODIUM DITHIONITE

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

CO2 CONVERSION PROCESS

REACTOR DEMONSTRATION

CO2 TO FORMIC ACID PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

WASTE WATER TREATMENT

WASTE WATER SOURCE AND COMPOSITION

SCHEMATIC OF A TYPICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT TRICKLING FILTER SYSTEM

BAR SCREENS2

GRIT CHAMBER2.13

PRIMARY SETTLING TANKS

SLUDGE DIGESTORS

DRYING BEDS

TRICKLING FILTERS

ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEM2.24

ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR SYSTEM

OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION ALONG WITH PRECAUTIONS ON STORAGE AND HANDLING

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT

MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:

PLANT LOCATION FACTORS

PRIMARY FACTORS

1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:

2. MARKETS:

3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:

4. WATER SUPPLY:

5. CLIMATE:

SPECIFIC FACTORS

6. TRANSPORTATION:

7. WASTE DISPOSAL:

8. LABOR:

9. REGULATORY LAWS:

10. TAXES:

11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:

12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:

13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:

14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:

EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT

1. DEPRECIATION:

2. FIXED ASSETS:

3. WORKING CAPITAL:

4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:

5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:

6. MARGIN MONEY:

7. TERM LOANS:

8. TOTAL LOAD:

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT HANDLING

PROJECT SCHEDULING

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

TIME SCHEDULE

PRESENT MANUFACTURER

SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

SODIUM FORMATE

SODIUM HYDROXIDE

SULPHUROUS ACID ANYHYDRIDE

HYDROUS METHANOL

AQUOUS SODIUM CARBONATE

MACHINERY SUPPLIERS

MULTISTAGE REACTION VESSEL

CONDENSER

VACCUM ROTARY DRYER

STABILIZER

AUTOCLAVE REACTOR

DISTILLATION COLUMN

SOLID WASHER

INDUSTRIAL KETTLE

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT

PHOTOGRAPHS

SODIUM DITHIONITE/SODIUM HYDROSULPHITE

RAW MATERIAL

SODIUM FORMATE

SODIUM CARBONATE

METHANOL

SULPHURIC ACID

SODIUM HYDROXIDE

MACHINERY

DISTILLATION COLUMN

CONDENSER

VACCUM ROTARY DRYER

STABILIZER

SOLID WASHER

INDUSTRIAL KETTLE

AUTOCLAVE REACTOR

INDUSTRIAL PUMPS

VALVES FITTINGS FLANGES

PLANT LAYOUT

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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