Detailed Project Report on Azodicarbonamide (ADC)

AZODICARBONAMIDE (ADC)

[EIRI/EDPR/0789] (J.C.9405)

INTRODUCTION

Azodicarbonamide (ADC) is mainly used in the following sectors as blowing agent (also called foaming agents)

* Packaging materials,

* Construction materials (mainly heat insulation materials)

* UPVC pipes (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride)

* EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer)

* PVC (polyvinyl chloride) artificial leather.

* Shoe soles (PVC or EVA for sport shoes),

* Wallpaper

* Carpet pads

* Polyolefines (telephone cables and electrical wires).

Azodicarbonamide releases nitrogen gas and is a general foaming agent for rubbers and plastics such as PVC, EVA, polyolefin, polystyrene products. It is also used as an aging and bleaching ingredient in cereal flours and dough conditioner in baking bread. 

Azo-di-carbon-amide of molecular weight 116 is a chemical organic compound having chemical formula H4N4C2O2 and denoted structurally as

O        O

||      ||

H2N C N == N C N H2

Azodicarbonamide also known as '1,1'- azobisformamide on dry decomposition at 190oC yields a gas of about 60% N2, 35% CO and minor amounts of ammonia carbon and carbon dioxide. The gas yield is high 230-240 ml/g at standard temperature of pressure (CSTP). In 1978 largest volume of blowing agent 5000 metric tons produced in the U.S. was azodicarbonamide. Azodicarbonamide (ADA) also known as azobisformide (ABFA) is the most important organic chemical blowing agent for PVC as many desirable properties required in a good blowing agent and in addition is non-flammable plastisols. It is used in the manufacture of PVC foam fabrics, floor coverings, low density open-cell foam, extruded low-density gaskets, wire and cable Jackets, slush molded products, cross cap-liners, injection moulded sols and high density profiles etc. A B F A is also used as foaming agents for Ethylene-Vinyl acetate (EVA) plasters. Various grades of foaming agents of azodicarbonamide are available and are marketed in various trade names of grade, Viz ADC, Urea, Kempora, Celogen AZ, Cenitron AC, Profor ADC, Azoid, Polyzole-AZDN, Fisons Cenetron Ac/3 and Ac/4 powder grades etc. chemically there exists only two variety Viz Technical and F.C.C. Technical variety A D A is used for formulating various grades of Azodicarbonamide for addition to plastics & Rubber as blowing agents and production of various cellular, Foamed products. F.C.C. grade is used as murturing agents for flours. Foaming agents for plastics are available in a wide range of formulations and types depending on the plastic involved processing temperatures end uses etc.

Among chemical commercial organic foaming agents Azodicarbonamide is formulated to be used for productions of EVA CHAPPAL, PVC foamed injection moulded goods & shoe soles etc. In the field of cellular plastics Azodicarbonamide is preferred as blowing/Foaming agents to achieve desired results. Particularly for Footwear microcellular moulded PVC and PVC blend soles have been in used for a considerable time as have PVC upper in some types of footwear. The man synthetic materials competing with PVC in the former application are polyurethane, some thermoplastic rubbers and EVA (as well as natural rubbers) and in the latter mainly polyurethane. Complete units (Boots, shoes and sandals) are produced from PVC by injection moulding, including all-weather golf shoes (from a PVC/nitrile rubber blend).

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            1 MT/Day

Land & Building (500 sq.mt.)    Rs. 29.75 Lac

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 27.55 Lac

Working Capital for 3 Months    Rs. 49.18 Lac

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 1.15 Cr

Rate of Return                          57%

Break Even Point                      37%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION                                        

CHEMICAL FOAMING PROCESS                              

CHEMICAL BLOWING AGENTS-NATURE & OPERATION            

GENERAL PROPERTIES & USES                              

B.I.S. SPECIFICATION                                   

MARKET SURVEY                                          

AZODICARBONAMIDE MANUFACTURERS & EXPORTERS        

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING                             

PROCESS FLOW SHEET DIAGRAM                            

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT                                 

PLANT LOCATION FACTORS                                      

EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT         

SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS                            

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY                        

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)