Detailed Project Report on bio gas production & bottling plant
Detailed Project Report on bio gas production & bottling plant
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BIO GAS PRODUCTION & BOTTLING PLANT
[CODE NO.3935]
The current use of fossil fuels is rapidly depleting the natural reserves. The natural formation of coal and oil however, is a very slow process which takes ages. Therefore, a lot of research effort is put into finding renewable fuels nowadays to replace fossil fuels. Renewable fuels are in balance with the environment and contribute to a far lesser extent to the greenhouse effect.
Biogas is a renewable fuel, an energy source that can be applied in many different settings. It is defined as a combustible gas mixture produced by the anaerobic fermentation of biomass by bacteria and takes only a relatively short time to form. In nature, the fermentation process occurs in places where biological material is fermented in an oxygen deprived environment such as swamps and waterbeds. The two main sources of biogas from human activities are domestic garbage landfills and fermentation of manure and raw sewage. The advantage of processing these waste products anaerobically, compared to aerobically, is the larger decrease in volume of waste product.
For this reason, the industry nowadays prefers anaerobic fermentation to process waste streams.
Biogas is a mixture of methane, CO2 and small quantities of other gases produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter in an oxygen-free environment. The precise composition of biogas depends on the type of feedstock and the production pathway; these include the following main technologies:
• Biodigesters: These are airtight systems (e.g. containers or tanks) in which organic material, diluted in water, is broken down by naturally occurring micro‑organisms. Contaminants and moisture are usually removed prior to use of the biogas.
• Landfill gas recovery systems: The decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW) under anaerobic conditions at landfill sites produces biogas. This can be captured using pipes and extraction wells along with compressors to induce flow to a central collection point.
• Wastewater treatment plants: These plants can be equipped to recover organic matter, solids, and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage sludge. With further treatment, the sewage sludge can be used as an input to produce biogas in an anaerobic digester.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 4000 m3/Day
Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.) Rs. 1.51 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 2.04 Cr
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 10 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 3.94 Cr
Rate of Return 15%
Break Even Point 70%
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF COMPOSITIONS OF BIOGAS FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES
PROJECT LOCATION
GEOGRAPHY
CLIMATE
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
AGRO−PRODUCTS
TRANSPORT
ROADWAYS
RAILWAYS
WATERWAYS
AIRWAYS
BIO-GAS COMPOSITION
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
GENERAL BIOGAS PLANT DRAWING
RAW MATERIAL:
FEED MATERIAL:
BENEFITS:
FIRST PHASE
SECOND PHASE
ANAEROBIC BIO GAS REACTOR
MAJOR PARTS OF REACTOR
TYPES OF BIOGAS PLANT
THERE ARE THREE TYPES:-
THE FIXED DOME TYPE OF BIOGAS PANT:
THE FLOATING GAS HOLDER TYPE BIOGAS PLANT:
BAG TYPE BIOGAS PLANT
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF GOBAR GAS PLANT
PRODUCTION
LANDFILL GAS
TECHNICAL
ENERGY CALCULATION OF BIOGAS PLANT
CONVERSION TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
BENEFITS OF BIOGAS PLANT TREATMENT
WASTE TREATMENT BENEFITS
ENERGY BENEFITS
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
MODELS OF BIO GAS PLANT
DRUMLESS BIOGAS PLANT
WORKING ON JANATA BIOGAS PLANT:-
DESIGN DETAILS:-
HEIGHT OF THE LOWER PART OF THE DIGESTER:-
2. INLET AND OUTLET TANKS:-
3. DOME:-
4. GAS OUTLET:-
CONSTRUCTION OF A JANATA BIOGAS PLANT:-
THE THICKNESS OF THE ARCH IS 115 MM.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIOGAS WITH LPG GAS
STORAGE OF HYDROCARBON FUELS
PROBLEM WITH BIO GAS
TRANSPORTATION OF HYDROCARBON FUELS
PROPERTIES
LIQUID HYDROCARBON GASES
VOLATLITY OF GASCOUS HYDROCARBONS
FIRE HAZARDS AND PREVENTION
PROPERTIES OF METHANE, ETHANE AND PROPANE
SPECIFICATIONS FOR LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
USES AND APPLICATIONS OF BIO GAS AND L.P.G. GAS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS
ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS
DISADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
LOCATION SELECTION
BIOGAS PLANT
THE BIO-GAS PLANT PROCESS
ALTERNATE RAW- MATERIAL
FERMENTATION
TEMPERATURE ACIDITY
CARBON-NITROGEN RATIO
ABOVE VS BELOW GROUND DIGESTERS
MARKET SURVEY
COMPRESSED BIO GAS (CBG) IN INDIA
BIOGAS MARKET, BY SUBSTRATE
BY SIZE
BY TECHNOLOGY
BY PROCESS
BY APPLICATION
SOURCE INSIGHTS
APPLICATION INSIGHTS
REGIONAL INSIGHTS
BIOGAS MARKET SHARE INSIGHTS
BIOGAS MARKET, BY PROCESS
BIOGAS: MOST PRODUCTION TODAY COMES FROM CROPS
AND ANIMAL MANURE
MOST OF THE BIOGAS PRODUCED TODAY GOES TO THE POWER SECTOR
UPGRADING BIOGAS TO BIOMETHANE COULD BE A MAJOR SOURCE
OF FUTURE GROWTH
MAJOR FIVE BIOGAS MARKET COMPANIES:
AIR LIQUIDE
AMERESCO
ENVITEC BIOGAS
GASUM
WÄRTSILÄ
DEVELOPMENT OF BIO GAS GENERATION AND BOTTLING INDIA
BIOGAS COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION ON BIOGAS BOTTLING UNDER RDD&D
THE DETAILS OF COMMISSIONED BIOGAS BOTTLING PROJECTS
ARE GIVEN BELOW:
USED IN MID-DAY MEAL SCHEME
USED IN MANUFACTURING OF PLASTIC TANKS
USED AS VEHICULAR FUEL
DRY OR LIQUID SLURRY USED IN AGRICULTURAL FIELD
CONCLUSION
PROCESS OF BIO GAS PRODUCTION
BIO GAS BOTTLING PROCESS
LIST OF MACHINERY
MACHINES REQUIRED
OTHER ACCESSORIES REQUIRED
PROCESS FLOW SHEET
BIO GAS PRODUCTION FROM DIFFERENT WASTE MATERIAL
GENERAL INFORMATION:-
4. GAS CONSUMPTION
TABLE PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM DIFFERENT WASTE MATERIALS
TABLE COMPOSITION OF GAS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT WASTE
MATERIAL (AVERAGE DATA)
TABLE GAS PRODUCTION BEHAVIOUR OF DIFFERENT WASTE MATERIAL
AT DIFFERENT DILUTIONS
TABLE COMBUSTIBILITY BEHAVIOUR OF GAS SAMPLES FROM DIFFERENT
WASTE MATERIALS
KG WASTE REQUIRED PER CUBIC METER OF BIOGAS GENERATION (APPOX.)
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF BIOGAS PLANT (6 CU.M.)
CONSTRUCTING THE PLANT :-
LAYING THE FOUNDATION :-
ERECTING THE CYLINDRICAL SIDE WALLS :-
CONSTRUCTING THE DOME
CURING :
DISMANTLING `FRAME WORK'
PLASTERING :-
FLOORING :-
CURING :-
PAINTING :-
FITTING AND ACCESSORIES :-
SLURRY PIT :-
BIO GAS PLANT PROCESS
THE BIO-GAS PLANT PROCESS
ALTERNATE RAW- MATERIAL
GOBAR GAS METHANE EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA (FROM THE MOTHER
EARTH NEWS)
FERMENTATION
TEMPERATURE ACIDITY
CARBON-NITROGEN RATIO
PERCENTAGE OF SOLIDS
BASIC DESIGN
CONTINUOUS FEEDING (LIQUIDS)
ATCH FEEDING (SOLIDS)
AGITATION
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
GAS COLLECTION
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
MACHINERY PHOTOGRAPHS
CONSTRUCTION PHOTOGRAPHS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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