Detailed Project Report on biofertilizer

BIOFERTILIZER
[CODE NO 3697]


Fertilizers were welcomed with open arms, for they immediately increased the yield of crops. But their recurrent use has done an irreparable damage to the environment. Excess use of chemical fertilizers has led to the pollution and contamination of the soil, has polluted water basins, destroyed micro-organisms and friendly insects, making the crop more prone to diseases and reduced soil fertility. More and more farmers are now looking for more eco-friendly options. Bio-fertilizers have, to some extent provided an answer to the soil contamination voes.

Bio-fertilizers are eco-friendly fertilizers, which are being used to improve the quality and fertility of the soil. Bio-fertilizers are made from biological wastes and they do not contain any chemicals. They are beneficial to the soil, as they enrich the soil with micro-organisms that help in producing organic nutrients, which in turn help the soil to fight diseases. They therefore enrich the the nutrient quality of the soil. They also restore the depleted nutrients of the soil.

The main sources of bio-fertilizers are bacteria, fungi and cynobacteria (blue-green algae). Plants have a special relationship with bacteria and fungi. They provide the plant with nutrition, resistance against diseases and the ability to combat worst climatic conditions.

Bio-fertilizers are being viewed as the future of fertilizers, as they have the ability to solve the problems of salinity of the soil, chemical-run offs from the fields. They, therefore, ensure the well being of the nutrients present in the soil, therefore making the soil more fertile with time.


COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            1000 Kg/Day       
Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.)      Rs. 2.95 Cr         
Plant & Machinery                      Rs. 1.30 Cr     
Working Capital for 2 Months     Rs. 85 Lac
Total Capital Investment              Rs. 5.31 Cr
Rate of Return            19%                   
Break Even Point             66%            
      
          
 
INTRODUCTION    
BIOFERTILIZERS    
ADVANTAGE OF BIOFERTILIZERS OVER CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS    
BIOFERTILIZERS TECHNOLOGY    
DIFFERENT TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZER    
RHIZOBIUM    
AZOTOBACTER    
AZOSPIRILLUM    
CYANOBACTERIA    
AZOLLA    
PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS (PSM)    
AM FUNGI    
SILICATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA (SSB)    
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR)    
LIQUID BIOFERTILIZERS    
ADVANTAGES OF USING BIO-FERTILIZERS    
BENEFITS AND CHARACTERISTICS    
OF LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER    
BENEFITS    
CHARACTERITISTICS OF DIFFERENT LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZERS    
RHIZOBIUM    
QUANTITY OF BIOLOGICAL N FIXED BY LIQIUD RHIZOBIUM
   IN DIFFERENT CROPS    
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF LIQUID RHIZOBIUM    
AZOSPIRLLIUM    
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF LIQUID AZOSPIRILLUM    
PRODUCTION OF GROWTH HORMONES    
ROLE OF LIQUID AZOSPIRILLUM UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS    
SIGN OF NON FUNCTIONING OF AZOSPIRILLUM IN THE FIELD    
AZOTOBACTER    
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF LIQUID AZOTOBACTER    
ROLE OF LIQUID AZOTOBACTER IN TISSUE CULTURE    
ROLE OF LIQUID AZOTOBACTER AS A BIO-CONTROL AGENT    
ACETOBACETER    
EFFECT OF LIQUID ACETOBACTER DIAZOTROPHICUS ON SUGARCANE    
DO’S AND DON’T FOR ENTREPRENEURS, DEALERS AND FARMERS    
LIQUID BIO-FERTLIZER APPLICATION METHODOLOGY    
SEED TREATMENT    
ROOT DIPPING    
SOIL APPLICATION    
DOSAGE OF LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZERS IN DIFFERENT CROPS    
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIO-FERTILIZERS    
MICROBIAL INOCULANTS    
CARRIER:    
MICROBIAL COMPOSITION    
BENEFITS TO CROP    
BENEFITS TO FARMER    
BENEFITS TO SOIL    
A COMPOSIT CULTURE    
BIO-AZO GOLD    
BENEFITS TO ENVIRONMENT    
CROP RANGE    
THIS CAN BE APPLIED TO ANY CROP    
DOSE & METHOD OF APPLICATION    
TIME OF APPLICATION    
CAN BE APPLIED    
USES AND APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILIZER    
APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS    
SEED TREATMENT    
SEEDLING ROOT DIP    
MAIN FIELD APPLICATION    
RHIZOBIUM    
AZOSPIRILLUM/AZOTOBACTER    
PHOSPHOBACTERIA    
POINTS TO REMEMBER    
BIOFERTILIZERS RECOMMENDATION (ONE PACKET - 200G)    
PHOSPHOBACTERIA    
ADVANTAGES OF BIOFERTILIZER USE    
BIOFERTILIZERS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE    
MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF BIOFERTILISERS    
MARKET POSITION    
BIOFERTILISER TECHNOLOGY    
OBJECTIVE OF BIOFERTILSER PROJECT    
REQUIREMENTS OF BIOFERTILISER PROJECTS    
OVERVIEW OF BIOFERTILIZER    
MARKET POTENTIAL OF BIO FERTILIZER    
GLOBAL BIOFERTILIZER INDUSTRY - MARKET SIZE (US$ M)*    
GLOBAL BIOPESTICIDE INDUSTRY - MARKET SIZE (US$ M)**    
BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTION METHOD    
MANUFACTURING PROCESS    
FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTION    
DETAILS FOR PRODUCTION OF A GOOD AND EFFICIENT BIOFERTILIZER    
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF BIOFERILIZER    
CRITERIA FOR STRAIN SELECTION:    
STEPS FOR PREPARING BIO-FERTILIZER:    
(A) SEED PELLETING:    
(B) INOCULANT CARRIERS:    
(C) QUALITY STANDARDS FOR INOCULANTS:    
(I) MASS PRODUCTION OF CYANOBACTERIAL BIOFERTILIZERS:    
THE FOLLOWING METHODS ARE USED FOR MASS CULTIVATION:    
AZOLLA-ANOBAENA SYMBLOSIS: AZOLLA, A WATER FERM    
AZOLLA ANABAENA    
(II) MASS CULTIVATION OF AZOLLA:    
THERE ARE TWO METHODS FOR ITS APPLICATION IN FIELD:    
3. ENDOPHYTIC NITROGEN FIXERS:    
(I) FACULTATIVE ENDOPHYTIC DIAZOTROPHS:    
(II) OBLIGATE ENDOPHYTIC DIAZOTROPHS:    
(III) OTHER BACTERIA:    
(A) ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOPHYTES:    
(B) APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE:    
4. BIO-FERTILIZERS AIDING PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION:    
PENICILIUM SOLUBILIZES UNAVAILABLE FROM OF P TO AVAILABLE FORM    
5. PRODUCTION OF MYCORRHIZAL BIO-FERTILIZER:    
(I) ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI:    
(II) VA MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI:    
THERE ARE TWO METHODS OF USING THE INOCULUM:    
PRODUCTION OF FINAL PRODUCT IN FERMENTER    
FILLING & PACKAGING:    
TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF BIO-FERTILISERS    
WHAT ARE BIO-FERTILIZERS    
MODE OF ACTION    
CRITICAL FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR EFFECTIVENESS    
LEVEL OF BENEFITS    
OTHER BENEFITS    
THE OUTLINES OF COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURE OF BIO-FERTILIZERS:    
THE STEPS INVOLVED ARE AS FOLLOWS:    
CULTURE SELECTION AND MAINTENANCE:    
CULTURE AUGMENTATION:    
CARRIER STERILIZATION:    
MIXING AND PACKING:    
LAYOUT OF THE PRODUCTION UNIT:    
RAW MATERIAL:    
QUALITY CONTROL:    
LIMITATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS    
THE MAJOR LIMITING FACTORS INCLUDE:    
PRODUCTION METTED OF BACTERIAL BIOFERTILIZER    
MASS PRODUCTION OF   BACTERIAL BIO FERTILIZER    
CULTURING OF MICROORGANISMS    
GROWTH ON CONGO RED YEAST EXTRACT MANNITOL AGAR MEDIUM    
COMPOSITION OF THE N-FREE SEMISOLID MALIC ACID MEDIUM    
WAKSMAN MEDIUM NO.77 (N-FREE MANNITOL AGAR MEDIUM
   FOR AZOTOBACTER)    
PHOSPHOBACTERIA : PIKOVSKAYA’S BROTH    
INOCULUM PREPARATION    
PROCESSING OF CARRIER MATERIAL    
PREPARATION OF CARRIER MATERIAL    
MIXING THE CARRIER AND THE BROTH CULTURE AND PACKING    
PREPARATION OF INOCULANTS PACKET    
PRODUCTION OF MY CORRHIZAL BIOFERTILIZER    
METHOD OF PRODUCTION    
TANK FOR MASS MULTIPLICATION OF AM    
SPRINKLING OF WATER IN TANK WITH VERMICULITE    
MAKING OF FURROWS TO SOW MAIZE SEEDS    
SOWING THE SEEDS IN FURROWS    
VIEW OF THE MAIZE SOWN AM PIT    
VERMICULITE CONTAINED RAISED AM INFECTED MAIZE PLANTS    
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM SHOWING MULTIPLICATION STAGES
   OF BIOFERTILISER MOTHER CULTURE    
CHART SHOWING STEPS IN BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTION    
PLANT LAYOUT    
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS    
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY    
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY (IMPORTED)


APPENDIX – A:

01.    PLANT ECONOMICS    
02.    LAND & BUILDING     
03.    PLANT AND MACHINERY    
04.    OTHER FIXED ASSESTS    
05.    FIXED CAPITAL    
06.    RAW MATERIAL    
07.    SALARY AND WAGES    
08.    UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS    
09.    TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL    
10.    TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT    
11.    COST OF PRODUCTION    
12.    TURN OVER/ANNUM    
13.    BREAK EVEN POINT     
14.    RESOURCES FOR FINANCE    
15.    INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS    
16.    DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS    
17.    PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS    
18.    PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)