Detailed Project Report on bromine recovery plant

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BROMINE RECOVERY PLANT

[CODE NO.4062]

It is a deep red fuming liquid, member of the halogen elements as Group VII of the periodic table that is liquid at ordinary temperature and pressure. A rare element bromine is found in, nature dispersed throughout the earth crust only in compounds such as soluble and insoluble bromides. The chief commercial source of bromine is ocean water from which the element is extracted by means of chemical replacement (oxidation) by more active chlorine. Bromine has traditionally been manufactured as a byproduct from saline mother liquors (bitterns) left after the crystallization of the main salt products.

The properties of bromine are significantly different from those of fluorine and chlorine. Discovered in the early 19th century, in the form of its salts (bromides) in the bitterns remaining after evaporating sea water and extracting the sodium chloride, it was obtained latter from stassfurt, Germany, as a byproduct in the production of potassium salts and from other deposits and salt lakes.

Its main use was originally for bromides in medicine still a minor use. Bromine first because of industrial importance with the development of modern photographic process, in which the light sensitive material is an emulsion of minute particles of silver bromide (together with silver chloride or iodide or both) in gelatin.

For a time, the expanding world automobile industry. Threatened a scarcity of bromine, obtained from brines, which contained about 0.5% bromine. To meet the demand, it was necessary to turn to sea water which contains about 70 ppm bromine.

The chief sources of bromine are sea water, brines and betters and the natural deposits of potassium salts. In these, it is present in very small quantities in the combined state. Sea-water contains, 66 parts per million (0.0066 %) of bromine and in 1933, the DOW Chemical Co., (U.S.A.) developed a process for its recovery. Large quantities of bromine are now being produced both from the sea and from the salt & lakes. The U.S.A. is now the world largest producer and used the entire output for the manufacture of ethylene bromine.

The other prominent bromine producing countries are Germany and France.

Bromine, a heavy, mobile, reddish-brown liquid with an interesting irritating odour, is the only non-metallic element that is a liquid at normal temperature. It is a diatomic molecule with the chemical formula Br2

The bromine available for extraction occurs as bromide in the ocean, in salt lakes and in brine or saline deposits left by evaporation of such waters by solar heat. Sea bitterns, the left over concentrated solution after the crystallizing out of salt from the sea water, are very rich in bromine and offer a good raw material for the manufacture of bromine. Bromine is extracted from seawater.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity 4 MT/Day

Land & Building (6000 sq.mt.) Rs. 3.31 Cr

Plant & Machinery Rs. 2.60 Cr

Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 3.60 Cr

Total Capital Investment Rs. 9.97 Cr

Rate of Return 30%

Break Even Point 56%

INTRODUCTION

USES, SOURCE AND SAFETY OF BROMINE

USE OF BROMINE

SOURCES OF BROMINE

SAFETY FIRST

PROPERTIES

USES & APPLICATION

SOURCES OF BROMINE

MARKET OVERVIEW OF BROMINE

MAJOR BROMINE MANUFACTURING COUNTRIES

INCREASING DEMAND FOR FLAME RETARDANTS

CHINA TO DOMINATE THE ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET

MAJOR PLAYERS

RAW MATERIAL SECTION

MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION FOR CHLORINE HANDLING:-

B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS

SCOPE:-

REQUIREMENTS:-

TABLE - 1: REQUIREMENTS FOR BROMINE, TECHNICAL

PACKING & MARKETING:-

PACKING:-

MARKING:-

SAMPLING:-

ANALYSIS OF BROMINE, TECHNICAL

CALCULATION:

WHERE,

DETERMINATION OF BROMINE:-

THE SOLUTION SHALL BE STANDARDIZED BEFORE USE.

PROCEDURE:-

WHERE:

WHERE

DETERMINATION OF CHLORINE:-

PROCEDURE:-

CALCULATION:-

WHERE,

DETERMINATION OF NON-VOLATILE MATTER:-

PROCEDURE:-

CALCULATION:-

WHERE,

TEST FOR IODINE:-

ZINC DUST:-

TEST FOR SULPHATES:-

PROCEDURE:-

SAMPLING OF BROMINE, TECHNICAL

NUMBER OF CONTAINERS TO BE DRAWN FOR SAMPLING

LOCATION OF THE PLANT

HEALTH & SAFETY FACTORS

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF BROMINE

BROMINE GENERATION

BROMINE SEPARATION

PURIFICAION AND DRYING

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

BROMINE RECOVERY PLANT

BROMINE CAN BE RECOVERED FROM TWO SOURCES

A) STEAMING OUT PROCESS (HOT PROCESS)

B) AIR BLOWING PROCESS (COLD PROCESS)

BROMINE PROCESSES

PRODUCTION OF BROMINE

PROCESSING DETAILS OF BROMINE RECOVERY

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

PROCESS IN DETAILS OF BROMINE PRODUCTION

THE FOLLOWING GENERAL SCHEME ILLUSTRATES THE

BROMINE PRODUCTION PROCESS.

THE BROMINE-GENERATING STEP

RESIDUAL ORGANIC MATTER FOUND IN DEAD SEA WATER

SIDE-REACTIONS OCCURRING IN THE REACTION TOWER

1. CONDENSATION

2. SEPARATION

3. PURIFICATION

MANUFACTURE OF LIQUID BROMINE

PROCESS

THE FOUR PRINCIPAL STEPS IN BROMINE PRODUCTION ARE

STEAMING OUT PROCESS:-

DOW PROCESS:-

SAFETY IN BROMINE PLANT

SAFE HANDLING OF BROMINE LEAKAGE

SAFE STORAGE OF BROMINE

SAFE TRANSPORTATION OF BROMINE

THE BROMINE STORAGE TANK SIGN IS AS FOLLOWS:

SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY

SUPPLIERS OF HEAT EXCHANGER

SUPPLIERS OF CONDENSER

SUPPLIERS OF DISTILLATION COLUMN

SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE VESSEL (STORAGE TANKS)

SUPPLIERS OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS

SUPPLIERS OF D.G. SETS

SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS

SUPPLIERS OF EFFULENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP PLANT)

SUPPLIERS OF INSTRUMENTATION & PROCESS CONTROL EQUIPMENTS

GOVT. LICENSE DETAILS FOR LIQUID BROMINE PLANT

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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