Detailed Project Report on calcium propionate

CALCIUM PROPIONATE [3600]

Calcium propionate is the calcium salt of propionic acid. Propionic acid is a natural acid present in small quantities in many foods. In fermented foods however, propionic acid can be present in high concentrations because it is produced by fermentation bacteria. Calcium propionate is used as preservative or antimicrobial, mainly against fungi. Calcium ions are necessary for the enzyme ?-amylase to break down the starches in bread, making them available for the yeast top grow, and improving the texture of the bread. If enough of the amylose portion of starch is converted into sugar, retrogradion of bread is slowed down or prevented. In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement. Calcium propionate is used in bakery products. Cheeses, confections and frostings, gelatins, puddings and fillings, and jams and jellies. In commercial practice the amount of calcium propionate used will be limited by cost and the possibility of imparting off-tastes or textures to food. Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor. Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth. Calcium propionate can be used: as an antimicrobial agent; at levels not exceeding current good manufacturing practice in baked goods, cheeses, confections and frostings, gelatins, puddings and fillings, and jams and jellies. Calcium propionate is an organic salt formed by the reaction of calcium hydroxide with propionic acid (also known as propanoic acid). Its chemical formula is Ca (OOCCH2CH3)2. The compound occurs in either crystalline or powder form. It is soluble in water and only very slightly soluble in alcohol. Calcium propionate is used as a food preservative in breads and other baked goods because of its ability to inhibit the growth of molds and other microorganisms. It is not toxic to these organisms, but does prevent them from reproducing and posing a health risk to humans. Propionic acid occurs naturally in some foods and acts as a preservative in those foods. Some types of cheese, for example, contain as much as 1% natural propionic acid. Studies indicate that calcium propionate is one of the safest food additives used by the food industry. Rats fed a diet containing nearly 4% calcium propionate for a year showed no ill effects. As a result, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have placed no limitations on its use in foods. In addition to baked goods, it is commonly used as a preservative in chocolate products, processed cheeses, and fruit preserves. The tobacco industry has also used calcium propionate as a preservative in some of its products. Beyond its role as a food additive, calcium propionate finds some application in the manufacture of butyl rubber. Adding it to the raw product makes it easier to process the rubber and protects the rubber from scorching during manufacture.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                          600 Kg/Day  
Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 25 Lac
Working Capital for 1 Month   Rs. 14 Lac
Total Capital Investment          Rs. 42 Lac
Rate of Return                         55%
Break Even Point                     54%


INTRODUCTION    
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS    
CALCIUM PROPIONATE    
CALCIUM PROPIONATE PROPERTIES    
MECHANISM OF ACTION    
USES & APPLICATIONS    
IN FOOD    
IN BEVERAGE    
IN PHARMACEUTICALS    
IN AGRICULTURE    
STRUCTURE OF PROPIONATES    
PROPIONIC ACID    
SODIUM PROPIONATE    
CALCIUM PROPIONATE    
POTASSIUM PROPIONATE    
CHARACTERISTICS AND PURITY OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE    
REQUIREMENT OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE    
IDENTIFICATION TESTS    
PACKING, STORAGE AND MARKING OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE    
PACKING    
MARKING    
TESTING METHOD OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE    
DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE CONTENT    
A-0 GENERAL    
A.2 METHOD II    
A-3 METHOD III    
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE    
B-0 GENERAL    
B-L OVEN DRWNG METHOD    
B-2 KARL FISCHER METHOD    
DETERMINATION OF MATTER INSOLUBLE IN WATER    
C-1 APPARATUS    
C-2 PROCEDURE    
C-3 CALCULATION    
DETERMINATION OF IRON    
D-1 APPARATUS    
D-2 REAGENTS    
D-3 PROCEDURE    
TEST FOR FLUORIDE    
E-0 GENERAL    
E-I METHOD I THORIUM NITRATE COLORIMETRIC METHOD    
E-1.2 PROCEDURE    
E-2 METHOD II ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE METHOD    
E-2.1 CALIBRATION CURVE    
E-2.2 PROCEDURE    
TEST FOR MAGNESIUM    
F-L PROCEDURE    
MARKET OVERVIEW OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE    
DERIVATION OF PROPIONATES    
PROPIONIC ACID    
SODIUM PROPIONATE, CALCIUM PROPIONATE AND POTASSIUM PROPIONATES    
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE    
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE    
CHEMICAL REACTION    
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM    
PROCESS IN DETAILS    
SPECIFICALLY, THE PROCESS IS CARRIED OUT, FOR EXAMPLE, AS FOLLOWS:    
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT    
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:    
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS    
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT    
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES    
PLANT LAYOUT    
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS    
LIME    
PACKAGING MATERIALS (HDPE WOVEN SACK)    
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY    
REACTORS    
CONDENSER    
PACKAGING MACHINE    
LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS    
STORAGE VESSEL (STORAGE TANKS)    

APPENDIX – A:

01.    PLANT ECONOMICS    
02.    LAND & BUILDING     
03.    PLANT AND MACHINERY    
04.    OTHER FIXED ASSESTS    
05.    FIXED CAPITAL    
06.    RAW MATERIAL    
07.    SALARY AND WAGES    
08.    UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09.    TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL    
10.    TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT    
11.    COST OF PRODUCTION    
12.    TURN OVER/ANNUM    
13.    BREAK EVEN POINT     
14.    RESOURCES FOR FINANCE    
15.    INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS    
16.    DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS    
17.    PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS    
18.    PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)