Detailed Project Report on dairy farm to produce milk

DAIRY FARM (JERSEY COWS) TO PRODUCE MILK
[CODE NO.1890]

DAIRY FARMING 

Dairy farming refers to a class of agriculture for increased and long term production of milk which is then processed so that it can be sold in the market as a dairy product. It needs to be noted that any mammal can produce milk. In most developed countries, dairy farms usually have cows producing high quantities of milk. Few of the other species used in dairy farming include camels, goats, sheep, water buffaloes as well as donkeys. 

We can say that dairy farming is a type of agri business that is involved in production of milk from domestic animals. The plant that produces and processes milk and milk products are dairy plants. In the same way, animals that are used for milk production are termed as dairy animals. 

It is important to note the advantages of dairy farming business, Lets have a look below at the advantages: 

- The initial investment in this business of dairy farming is low in comparison to other industries. 

- Demand for milk products is on a high. 

- Cow dung is a good organic manure which is known to increase the fertility of soil. 

- Dairy farming is always known to be environmentally friendly and does not lead to any kind of risks associated with pollution. 

MILK PROCESSING

Milk processing refers to a procedure which includes steps to start dairy farms for various procedures including collection from cattle, homogenization, pasteurization, ultra filtration, centrifugal separation, reverse ad ultra osmosis, spray drying, clarification and finally transporting to processing. This process is important as it kills pathogenic micro organisms present in raw milk. 

To begin with, cows are milked using vacuum cups which are attached well to cow’s teats. The milk is then sent across through stainless steel pipes and stored at 5 degree celsius or even less. Thereafter, milk is taken in tankers to a milk factory where it is homogenised as well as pasteurised. 

Pasteurization refers to a technique wherein milk is heated to about 72 degree celsius for about 15 seconds and then cooled immediately. This process is known to kill any harmful bacteria or other micro organisms present in milk. The process of homogenisation refers to putting milk under pressure through fine nozzles. The cream separates at the top allowing to give a consistent taste and texture to milk. 

The process of centrifugal separation removes cream so as to obtain skimmed milk with reduced fat or low fat. The process of ultrafiltration moves milk across a membrane maintaining a moderate temperature which in turn holds back large amount of calcium, fat globules as well as protein. The procedure of reverse osmosis is very similar to ultrafiltartion wherein the membrane holds back most of the milk solids and allows water to pass through. 

DAIRY PRODUCTS

The different kinds of dairy products are listed below: 

- Butter

- Cheese

- Yogurt

- Cottage cheese

- Sour cream

- Frozen dessers

- Ice cream

- Milk

- Milk powder

- And few more to add to the list. 

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                                   600.00 Ltr./day      
Land & Building (3.5 Acres)           Rs. 16.25 Lacs  
Plant & Machinery                            Rs. 13.65 Lacs     
W.C. for 1 Month                               Rs. 3.44  Lacs
Total Capital Investment                 Rs. 57.79 Lacs          
Rate of Return                                   19%  
Break Even Point                               60%

•    INTRODUCTION    
•    INDIAN STANDARDS    
•    B.I.S. SPECIFICATION    
•    COMPOSITION OF MILK    
•    PROPERTIES OF MILK    
•    CATTLE FEED    
•    CATTLE DESEASE AND TREATMENT    
•    MARKET SURVEY    
•    PROCESSED DAIRY PRODUCTS    
•    PRODUCTION OF MILK    
•    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY    
•    LOOKING BEYOND THE HORIZON OPPORTUNITIES    
•    SUPPLIERS OF CATTLES    
•    CATTLE FEED MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS    
•    MANUFACTURING PROCESS    
•    MANUFACTURE, PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF PASTEURIZED
    MILK PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM    
•    ENHANCED MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY CATTLE    
•    METHOD FOR INCREASING MILK PRODUCTION IN LACTATING DAIRY CATTLE    
•    DAIRY FARM CONSULTANTS    
•    SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES    


APPENDIX –A

01.    PLANT ECONOMICS                        
02.    LAND & BUILDING                     
03.    PLANT AND MACHINERY                    
04.    OTHER FIXED ASSESTS                    
05.    FIXED CAPITAL                        
06.    RAW MATERIAL                        
07.    SALARY AND WAGES                    
08.    UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS                    
09.    TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL                    
10.    TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT                
11.    COST OF PRODUCTION                    
12.    TURN OVER/ANNUM                        
13.    BREAK EVEN POINT                     
14.    RESOURCES FOR FINANCE                    
15.    INSTALMENT  PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS                
16.    DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS                
17.    PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS                
18.    PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)