Detailed Project Report on essential oil extraction by using co2 super critical process and steam distillation process

ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION BY USING CO2 SUPER CRITICAL PROCESS AND STEAM DISTILLATION PROCESS [3602]

Essential  oil  also  called etheral or  volatile  oils  are volatile  odoriferous bodies of an oily character derived  mostly form  vegetable  sources. They occur in small concentrations in special cells, glands or ducts, either in one particular organ of the plant or distributed over many part e.g.  Leaves, barks, roots, flowers or fruits. Occasionally, they are present in combination with sugars, as glycosides, e.g. amyodalin in bitter almonds and sinigrin in mustard seeds, and are liberated when the glycosides are hydrolyzed. Essential oils are insoluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol, either, fatty oils and mineral oils. They are commonly liquid at ordinary temperature and some of them deposit solid matters on standing most of the essential oils are optically active, are lighter than water and possess high refractive index. They are composed of a number of chemical compounds:- Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes Ketones, Oxides and lactones etc. M. Indica is found largely in the greater part of India upto an altitude of 1200 M. Its bark is dark colour and cracked.  Its leaves are clustered near the ouds of the branches. It is coriaceous, pubescent when young almost glabrous when mature the flowers of this tree are dense fasciles near ends of branches. They may be small, calyx, corolla tubular and fleshy. M. Indica is found in mixed deciduous forests, usually of  a somewhat  dry  type, often growing on rocky and  sandy  soil  and turning  on  the deccan trap. It is common throughout central India, Mumbai and Andhra Pradesh. It is also common in the drier type of sal forests in Madhya Pradesh. It is much planted in the plains of northern India and Deccon peninsula when forest land is cleared for cultivation, mahua trees are carefully preserved. Products derived from plants in which the odoriferous characteristics are concentrated. Essential oils are also known as “Volatile” and "etheral" oils, in contradistinction to the fixed or glyceride vegetable and animal oils and the mineral oils. Essential oils have been obtained from about eighty-seven plant families, and at times different essential oils can be secured from different parts of the same plant. For instance, the flowers of the orange tree yield oil of neroli, or oil of orange flowers; the rind yields orange oil, and another essential oil is obtained from the leaves. Classification. The essential oil can be classified in several ways. According to use, essential oils are divided into three broad classes: (1) those used for perfumery, soap, and cosmetics; (2) those used for flavouring foods and beverages; and (3) those used for therapeutic purposes. According to preparation there  are five principal groups of essential oils  namely,  oils obtained  (1) by expression, (2) by distillation, (3) by  solvent extraction,  (4)  by  counter  current  extraction, and (5) by enfleurage. According to sources, essential oils are classified by the eighty-seven plant families mentioned above and also by the various parts of the plant which are utilized (e.g.  Fruits, seeds, bud and flowers leave and stem roots, bark, or wood). Classification according to geographical origin is also common since superior types of essential oils are produced in specific geographical areas that have favourable soil and climatic conditions. Properties.  Essential oils are generally colorless to slightly yellowish when freshly distilled but when foreign matter is present, the color may range from red to blue. On standing the oils generally become darker in color. The odor of essential oils is similar to that of the portion of the plant from which they are derived; but since these odorous characteristics are much more concentrated in the essential oil, the odor is often disagreeable. The terpenes they contain are fairly readily oxidized, resulting in a turpentine odor. The specific gravity of these materials varies from 0.84 to 1.18. They are volatile at room temperature and evaporate completely when heated. Most essential oils are only slightly soluble in water; they are more soluble in sugar solutions. The principal terpeneless oils and sesquiterpeneless oils are bergamot, grapefruit, lavender, lemon, lime mandarin, orange, orrisroot, peppermint, petitgrain, and spearmint.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                         3.5 Kgs/Day  
Land & Building (1000 sq.mt)     Rs. 1.22 Cr
Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 1.20 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months   Rs. 20 Lac
Total Capital Investment          Rs. 2.69 Cr
Rate of Return                         24%
Break Even Point                     59%


INTRODUCTION    
ESSENTIAL OILS    
THERE ARE A NUMBER OF SPICES USED ALONG WITH FOOD, NAMELY    
MAJOR RAW MATERIALS USED IN EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL    
USES AND APPLICATIONS OF ESSENTIAL OIL    
ESSENTIAL OILS FOR HAIR    
A.   ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS    
JASMINE OIL    
LAVENDER OIL    
B.   ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HERBS SPIKENARD OIL (JATAMANSI OIL)    
C.   CINNAMON OIL    
CINNAMON OIL    
ZEODOARY OIL    
BEST ESSENTIAL OILS IN INDIA    
ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SPICES    
USE OF CORINDER OIL    
USES OF ORANGE PEEL OIL (CITRUS PEEL OIL)    
PHARAMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS    
ANTISEPTICS    
EXPECTORANTS AND DIURETICS    
SPASMOLYTIC AND SEDATIVE    
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS    
HYDROCARBON    
TERPENES    
MONOTERPENES [C10H16 ]    
B. SESQUITERPENES    
SESQUITERPENE LACTONES    
C. DITERPENES    
ALCOHOLS    
ALDEHYDES    
ACIDS    
ESTERS    
KETONES    
LACTONES    
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION    
SOURCES OF NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS    
ESSENTIAL OIL MARKET OVERVIEW    
INDIAN MARKET SHARE OF ESSENTIAL OIL    
BREAKUP OF INDIAN MARKET (2012-13)    
IMPORT OF ESSENTIAL OIL (2013-14)    
EXPORT OF ESSENTIAL OIL (2013-14)    
ESSENTIAL OIL MARKET OVERVIEW    
DETAILED EXPORT DATA OF INDIA ESSENTIAL OILS    
GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL    
PRODUCT INSIGHTS    
APPLICATION INSIGHTS    
REGIONAL INSIGHTS    
COMPETITIVE INSIGHTS    
MAJOR PRODUCERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS    
MAJOR CONSUMER OF ESSENTIAL OILS    
LARGEST GLOBAL MARKET PLACES FOR ESSENTIAL OIL    
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS    
METHODS OF PRODUCING ESSENTIAL OILS    
HYDRODISTILLATION    
MECHANISM OF DISTILLATION    
HYDRODIFFUSION    
HYDROLYSIS    
EFFECT OF HEAT    
THREE TYPES OF HYDRODISTILLATION    
WATER DISTILLATION    
TRADITIONAL METHOD OF PRODUCING ATTAR USING HYDRODISTILLATION    
TRADITIONAL BHATTI (FURNACE)    
DISADVANTAGES OF WATER DISTILLATION    
WATER AND STEAM DISTILLATION    
MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS, HERBS, SPICES BY SUPER CRITICAL FLUID (CARBON DIOXIDE)    67
A.   EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM FLOWERS     
FROM FLOWERS    
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS USING SUPER CRITICAL FLUID METHOD    
B.   FROM HERBS    
1.   CLEANING    
2.   WASHING    
3.   DRYING    
4.   DISINTEGRATION INTO SMALL CHIP    
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL FLUID METHOD    
6.   FROM SPICES    
1.   CLEANING    
2.   DRYING    
3.   CUTTING INTO PIECES    
PROCESS IN DETAILS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL    
EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS USING STEAM DISTILLATION METHOD    
METHODS OF OBTAINING GINGER ESSENTIAL OIL    
STEAM DISTILLATION    
EXTRACTION OF ROSE ESSENTIAL OIL    
ROSE ATTAR    
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF STEAM DISTILLATION PROCESS    
ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OILS    
CHROMATOGRAPHIC DATA OF EUCALYPTUS OIL    
FIGURE- EXPERIMENTAL SETUP OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY    
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP    
DETAILS OF HYPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE GAS CO2 EXTRACTION
  OF ESSENTIAL OILS    
CO2 HYPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION    
PLANT LAYOUT    
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES FOR SUPER CRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION PLANT    
STEAM DISTILLATION PLANT    
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES FOR SPICES    
PULVERIZERS    
LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENT    
HAMMER MILLS    
FILTER PRESS    
ROTARY WASHER    
FLUIDIZED BED DRYER    
MIXER    
SIEVING MACHINE    
WEIGHING MACHINE    
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS    
POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS    
D.G. SETS    
BOILERS    
COOLING TOWER    
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS    
FLOWERS    


APPENDIX – A:

01.    PLANT ECONOMICS    
02.    LAND & BUILDING     
03.    PLANT AND MACHINERY    
04.    OTHER FIXED ASSESTS    
05.    FIXED CAPITAL    
06.    RAW MATERIAL    
07.    SALARY AND WAGES    
08.    UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09.    TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL    
10.    TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT    
11.    COST OF PRODUCTION    
12.    TURN OVER/ANNUM    
13.    BREAK EVEN POINT     
14.    RESOURCES FOR FINANCE    
15.    INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS    
16.    DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS    
17.    PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS    
18.    PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)