Detailed Project Report on fish farming (shrimp and catla)

FISH FARMING (SHRIMP AND CATLA)[CODE NO.3647]

Fish farming or pisciculture involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures such as fish ponds, usually for food. It is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Worldwide, the most important fish species produced in fish farming are carp, tilapia, salmon, and catfish.

Demand is increasing for fish and fish protein, which has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries. China provides 62% of the world's farmed fish. As of 2016, more than 50% of seafood was produced by aquaculture.

Farming carnivorous fish, such as salmon, does not always reduce pressure on wild fisheries. Carnivorous farmed fish are usually fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from wild forage fish. The 2008 global returns for fish farming recorded by the FAO totaled 33.8 million tonnes worth about $US 60 billion.

SHRIMPS:-

Arthropoda, class Crustacea, subclass Malacostraca, order Decapods, suborder Macrura)

A considerable part of the fisheries in India is constituted by the crustaceans, such as shrimps, shrimps and lobsters. shrimps  and  shrimps, which belong to the  group  Natantia,  are similar  in  appearance; shrimps, however, are smaller  in  size. Lobsters  are  robust,  heavily  aromoured  creatures;  they  are exclusively  marine and are  included under the group  Reptantia. All the three decapods have elongated bodies divisible into two easily recognizable parts, viz.  The cephalothorax and   the abdomen.   The cephalothorax is formed by the fusion of the  head and  thorax, and is made up of not less than  thirteen  segments, five  in  the  head  and eight in the  thorax.   The  abdomen  is composed  of  six distinct segments with a tail piece  or  telson behind  the  last  segment.  Each of these  segments  generaally carries  a  single pair of appendages, which are  useful  in  the normal  functioning of the body.  Head appendages are two  parirs of antennae, sensory in function, and a pair of mandibles and two pairs  of  maxillae,  used in  capturing  and  masticating  food. Thorax  possesses three pairs of maxillipedes, probably used  for holding  the prey, and five pairs of walking legs  for  crawling. Abdominal appendages are adapted for swimming. Sexes are separate and the reproductive organs are mainly situated in  the cephalothorax.

Penaeus Fabr:- The rostrum is serrated  on  both  the edges;  a gill is attached to the body wall on the last  thoracic somite; exopodites are present on all or all but the last pair of thoracic legs.  Larges shrimps caught from the Indian seas belong to this genus.

P. indicus

BENG.:- Chapda  chingri;

MAL.- Vella-chemmeen naran- chemmeen.

The body is somewhate laterally compressed an when alive the shrimp  is  rather white and translucer with a  large  number of brown, grey of green dot over the carapace  and  abdomen. The antennae an tips of the appendages are pink.  It is fairly  large in  size, growing to about 20 cm.  in length, and occur  commonly along  the  entire coast-line of the country in  coastal  waters, estuaries, coastal  lakes and back waters.

M. affinis

MAL. Kazhadnthan-chemmeen.

The rostrum is curved in this species, and the last pair  of thoracic  legs  in both sexes, when stretched  forwards,  project beyond the tips of the antennal scale.  In respect of size and  a few other characters it resembles M. monoceros (Fabr.), described below. It occurs along both the coasts, but is not very  common in the backwates and estuaries.


M. brevicornis

BENG. Dhanbone Chingri.

The rostrum in this species is shot, rarely reaching to  the middle  of  the second joint of the antennular  peduncle.   Fully grown forms rarely exceed 13 cm. in length.  It is the  commonest penaeid  species  of West Bengal, found in vast  numbers  in  the inundated  paddy  dield  during the rainy season.   It  is  foud, though in smaller numbers, on the Bombay coast also.

P.Stylifera

MAL. - Karikkadi-chemmeen.

It  is  characteristically  reddish brown  in  colour.   The presence  of  a  number of small spines on  either  side  of  the pointed  extremity  of  the  telson  further  distinguishes  this species  from others.  Adult shrimps reach a length of  about  13 cm.   Its  distribution is mainly on the west coast,  and  it  is caught  in large numbers along the Kerala coast during  December-May.  A variety of this species, viz. coromandelica Alcock,  with two  spines  on each side of the telson, has also  been  recorded from various places along the east coast.


P.styliferus

BENG. -  Ghora chingri.

This species inhabits both marine and brackish waters and contributes substantially to the shrimp fishery of the Gangetic delta and the Bombay coast. It seldom exceeds 5 cm. in length.


P.tenuipes (Henderson)

This species is easily recognizable by the long and slender fourth and fifth pairs of walking legs.  Its habitat is similar to that of P. styliferus and it is caught in large numbers off the Bombay coast.

M.malcolmsonii is very common in the Chilka lake in  Orissa, Hooghly  estuary,  Godavari, and Ganga towards the close  of  the monsoon  and is mainly a freshwater species  tolerating  brackish water.  During this period, mostly the gravid female shrimps are caught.  They do not exceed 23 cm. in length.


COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                Shrimp: 12 Ton/Year Catla Fish: 6 Ton/Year
Land & Building (15 Hectare)       Rs. 3.55 Cr         
Plant & Machinery                      Rs. 11 Lac     
Working Capital for 3 Months     Rs. 13 Lac
Total Capital Investment              Rs. 3.96 Cr
Rate of Return            8%                   
Break Even Point             78%                


INTRODUCTION    
SHRIMPS    
P. INDICUS    
M. AFFINIS    
M. BREVICORNIS    
P.STYLIFERA    
P.STYLIFERUS    
P.TENUIPES (HENDERSON)    
RULES & REGULATIONS OF SHRIMP FARMING    
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION    
MARKET SURVEY    
FISH FARMS TO PRODUCE NEARLY TWO THIRDS OF INDIA'S FISH
   SUPPLY BY 2030    
FLYING FISH    
PALM TREES LINING FISH PONDS AT KONDURU IN ANDHRA PRADESH    
PALM TREES LINING FISH PONDS AT KONDURU IN ANDHRA PRADESH    
WORLD CAPTURE FISHERIES    
AND AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION    
USES OF CATLA FISH    
METHODS OF AQUA CULTURE    
EXTENSIVE AQUACULTURE    
INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE    
EXPRESSING EGGS FROM A FEMALE RAINBOW TROUT    
CONTROLLING ROES MANUALLY    
CAGE SYSTEM    
COPPER-ALLOY NETS    
IRRIGATION DITCH OR POND SYSTEMS    
COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE    
DETAILS OF CATLA FISH    
CHARACTERISTICS OF CATLA FISH    
DETAILS OF CATLA FISH FARMING    
SHRIMPS    
SERGESTIDAE    
ATYIDAE    
MUD-SHRIMPS    
BRINE-SHRIMPS    
COLLECTION OF SEEDSHRIMP    
TRANSPORTATION OF SEEDSHRIMP    
MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION PONDS    
STOCKING    
GROWTH AND PRODUCTION    
PRODUCTION AND TECHNIQUE    
OF CATLA FISH FARMING    
PRODUCTION    
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS    
SEED SUPPLY    
NURSERY    
REARING FINGERLINGS    
ONGROWING TECHNIQUES    
HARVESTING TECHNIQUES    
HANDLING AND PROCESSING    
CATLA FISH FARMING    
DISEASES AND CONTROL MEASURE IN CATLA FISH FARMING    
DETAILS OF SHRIMP FARMING    
SUITABLE SOIL TYPE FOR SHRIMP CULTIVATION    
POND MANAGEMENT IN SHRIMP CULTIVATION    
STOCKING FOR SHRIMP CULTIVATION    
SEED SELECTION IN SHRIMP CULTIVATION    
(I) SIZE    
(II) MORPHOLOGY    
(III) COLOR    
(IV) BEHAVIOR    
(V) EXTERNAL FOULING    
(VI) PATHOGEN FREE    
STOCKING DENSITY IN SHRIMP CULTIVATION    
FEED AND FEEDING IN SHRIMP CULTIVATION    
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS  IN SHRIMP CULTIVATION    
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN SHRIMP CULTIVATION    
HARVESTING AND HANDLING OF SHRIMP CULTIVATION.    
METHODS OF HARVESTING IN SHRIMP CULTIVATION    
TIMING OF HARVESTING AND SELLING    
DISEASE, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT IN SHRIMP CULTIVATION.    
QUALITY CONTROL AND MARKETING IN SHRIMP CULTIVATION    
ADAPTING & CONSTRUCTING POOLS    
SIZE OF POOL     
EMPLOYING THE POOL    
CLEANING THE POOL    
REPAIRS OF POOL    
EXTENDING AN OLD POOL    
THERE ARE THREE POSSIBLE WAYS TO EXTEND LINE POOLS    
CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW POOL    
CONSTRUCTION OF A WATER COURSE    
FOUNTAINS & OTHER MECHANICAL OXYGENERATORS    
NEED FOR OXYGEN    
WATER PLANTS    
OTHER SPECIFIC MAINTNANCE WORKS ARE AS FOLLOWS    
TIDAL FLOW    
POLLUTION    
SILT    
PRODUCTIVITY    
HEIGHT OF WATER    
WATER TEMPERATURE    
DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONTENT    
SALINITY    
PH    
SOIL NUTRIENTS    
PROXIMITY TO SHRIMP SEED    
MANPOWER AVAILABILITY    
OTHER FACILITY    
SHRIMP SEEDS    
FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS    
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF P.INDICUS SEED IN
   THE WILD IN DIFFERENT REGIONS    
PENAEUS MONODON    
PENAEUS INDICUS    
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY    
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

    
APPENDIX – A:

01.    PLANT ECONOMICS    
02.    LAND & BUILDING     
03.    PLANT AND MACHINERY    
04.    OTHER FIXED ASSESTS    
05.    FIXED CAPITAL    
06.    RAW MATERIAL    
07.    SALARY AND WAGES    
08.    UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS    
09.    TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL    
10.    TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT    
11.    COST OF PRODUCTION    
12.    TURN OVER/ANNUM    
13.    BREAK EVEN POINT     
14.    RESOURCES FOR FINANCE    
15.    INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS    
16.    DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS    
17.    PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS    
18.    PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)