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HAND BOOK OF FOOD DEHYDRATION AND DRYING
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES DRYING/DEHYDRATION AND CONCENTRATION
- Advantages of dehydration over sun drying
- Drying/Dehydration Techniques
- Common driers types used for liquid and solid foods
- (A) Fruit and Vegetable Natural Drying Sun and Solar Drying
- Shade Drying
- Osmotic Dehydration
- (B) Common Driers used for Drying/Dehydration
- (a) Air Convection Driers
- (b) Drum or Roller Driers
- (c) Vacuum Driers
- Differences between Conventional and Freeze Drying
- Atmospheric Drying of Foams
- Flow sheet for Drying/Dehydration of Fruits and Vegetables
- Dilutions of sodium metabisulphite with water to obtain ppm of sulphur dioxide (SO2)
- Spoilage of Dried products
- Schedule for drying of fruits
- Schedule for drying of vegetables
- Reconstitution test for dried/dehydrated products
- Reconstitution test
- Food concentration
- Methods of Concentration
- (i) Solar Concentration
- (ii) Open Kettles
- (iii) Flash Evaporators
- (iv) Thin Film Evaporators
- (v) Vacuum Evaporators
- (vi) Freeze Concentration
- (vii) Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis/Hyperfiltration
- Changes during Concentration
- Intermediate Moisture Foods (imf)
TYPES OF DEHYDRATERS
- Type of Dryers
- Table-1 Performance Data of Commercial Spray Drying Equipment of Representative Material
- Table 2 Assumed Thermal Efficiencies of Different Heating Systems
SUN DRYING AND DEHYDRATION OF FRUITS
- Table 4 Methods Used in Drying Fruits
- Apple
- Table 5 Varieties of The More Common Fruits Suitable for Drying
- Table 6 Tray Loading Maximum Drying Temperature and Yields of Different Fruits
- Other Dehydrated Apple Products
- Table -7 Approximate Composition of Some Apple Products
- Apricots
- Sun-Drying
- Table 8 Sizes of Dried Apricots,
- Sun Drying
- Table 8 Sizes of Dried Apricots, Except Slabs
- Dehydration of Apricots
- Bananas
- Table 9 Analyses of Dried Bananas
- Cherries
- Cranberries
- Figs
- Sun-Drying
- Dehydration of Figs
- Raisin Grapes
- Sun Drying
- Dehydration of Raisin Grapes
- Handling of Raisins
- Dehydrated Grape Juice
- Loganberries
- Nectarines
- Orange Juice
- Peaches
- Sun Drying
- Dehydration of Peaches
- Table 10 U.S. Grade Sizes for Dehydrated peaches
- Pears
- Sun-Drying
- Table 11 U.S. Sizes (Width) for Dried or Evaporated Pears
- Dehydration of Pears
- Prunes
- Sun Drying
- Dehydration of Prunes
- Dehydration of other fruits
DEHYDRATION OF VEGETABLES
- Table 12 Optimum Storage Conditions for Some Common Vegetables
- Table 13 Per Cent Retention of Nutrients During Blanching
- Dehydration of Various Vegetables
- Asparagus
- Beans, Baked
- Beans, Green
- Beans, Lima
- Beets
- Broccoli
- Brussels Sprouts
- Cabbage
- Carrots
- Cauliflower
- Celery
- Corn, Sweet
- Garlic
- Greens
- Mushrooms
- Onions
- Peas
- Peppers And Pimientos
- Potatoes (Irish or White)
- Potato Granules
- Potato Flakes
- White Potato Flour
- Sauerkraut
- Sweet Potatoes
- Tomatoes
DEHYDRATION OF EGGS, MILK, BUTTER AND CHEESE
- Eggs
- Table 14 Conversion Factors of Dried Egg Products From Whole Egg
- Dry Milk
- Changes Taking Place in the Drying of Milk
- Table 16 Composition of Dry Milks and Whey
- Dried Cream
- Dry Buttermilk
- Dry Whey
- Malted Milk
- Anhydrous Milk Fat (Butter Oil)
- Dried Cheese
DEHYDRATION OF MEAT, FISH, BEEF BLOOD AND GELATIN
- Preparation of Meat
- Dried Beef (Beef Hams)
- Dehydrated Chicken
- Drying, Salting and Smoking of Fish
- Sun Dried Shrimp
- Table 17 Approximate Chemical Composition of Cured Fish
- Dehydration of Beef Serum and Hemoglobin
- Edible Gelatin
DEHYDRATION OF MISCELLANEOUS FOODS
- Food yeast
- Soluble Coffee
- Dried Shortenings
- Dried Ice Cream Mixes
- Dried Soups
- Soft Drink Powders
- Pudding Powders
- Potato Chips
- Table 18 Types of White Potatoes Desired for Different uses
- Dry Molasses
- Soyabean Milk
- Drying of Macaroni Products
- Pectin
- Horseadish
PLANT SANITATION
- Sanitation within The Plant
- Bacteriological aspects of Dehydrated Foods
- Table 19 Variations in "Total" Counts of Commercial Samples of Dehydrated Vegetables Certified as Acceptable
- Table 20, Microorganisms in American Dried Fruits as Purchased
- Table 21 Bacterial Count of Dried Egg Product
- Waste Disposal
- Table 22 Bacterial Count of Dried beef Serumstored in Sealed Cans
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF DRIED AND DEHYDRATED FOODS
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Table 23, Approximate Composition of Some Dehydrated Fruits
- Table 24 Approximate Composition of Some Dehydrated Vegetables
- Dry Milk
- Table 25, Vitamins in Dry Milk and Milk Products
- Dehydrated Meat
- Table 26 composition of Dehydrated Pork and beef
- Dried Eggs
- Dry Yeast
- Dried Blood and beef Serum
- Table 27 Protein and Vitamin content of Different Dried yeasts
PACKAGING AND STORAGE
- Insect Infestation
- Packaging of Dried Fruit
- Packing of Dehydrated Vegetables
- Packing of Dried Eggs
- Packing of Dried Milk
- Packing of yeast
- Packing of Dehydrated Meat
- Storage of Dried And Dried And Dehydrated Fruits
- Storage of Dehydrated Vegetables
- Storage of Dried Eggs
- Storage of Dry Milk
- Storage of Dehydrated Beef serum And Hemoglobin
- Table 28 Effect of Storage Temperatures on the Solubility of Dry Beef Senum
- Storage of Active Dry Yeast
- Compression of Dehydrated Foods
- Table 29 Summary of Conditions found Applicable in compressing Specific Foods
BANANA POWER
- Dehydration of BananaProcess of Manufacture
- Plant Economics of Banana Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
DEHYDRATION OF FIGS BY SUN DRYING METHOD
- Drying Process of Figs (Sun Drying )
- Plant Economics of Dehydration of Figs (Sun Drying)
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
DESICCATED COCONUT POWDER FROM COCONUTS
- Process of Manufacture
- Plant Economics of Desiccated Coconut Powder from Coconut
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
DEHYDRATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES BY FREEZE DRYING METHOD
- Freeze Drying
- Plant Economics of Dehydration of Fruits & Vegetables by (Freeze Drying Method)
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
DEHYDRATION OF JACK FRUIT
- Manufacturing Process for the Dehydration of Jack Fruit
- Plant Economics of Dehydration of Jack Fruit
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
EGG POWDER
- Process of Manufacturing
- Plant Economics of Egg Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
EGG POWDER
- Process of Manufacture
- Plant Economics of Egg Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
FRUIT JUICE POWDER
- Manufacturing Process of Fruit Juice Powder from Fruit Juice Concentrate
- Spray Driers
- Atomising Device
- The Drying Chamber
- Method of Operation
- Plant Economics of Fruit Juice Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
FOOD DEHYDRATION
- Manufacturing Process
- Process for Dehydration of Fruits and Vegetables
- Dehydration of Fruits
- Dehydration of Vegetables
- Packing and Storage
- Plant Economics of Food Dehydration
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
GINGER DRYING
- Process of Manufacture
- Ginger Not Divested of Cork
- Ginger Clivested of Cork
- Grinding
- Plant Economics of Ginger Processing
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
GRAPE POWDER
- Grapes
- Process of Manufacture
- Method
- Plant Economics of Grape Dehydration
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
MUSTARD POWDER
- Manufacturing Process
- Plant Economics of Mustard Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
MANGO KERNEL SEED POWDER (STARCH)
- Manufacturing Process of Mango Kernel Seed Powder (Starch)
- Plant Economics of Mango Kernel Seed Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
MILK POWDER
- Process of Manufacture
- Rolling Drying
- Plant Economics of Milk Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
POTATO POWDER
- Manufacturing Process
- Plant Economics of Potato Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
POTATO POWDER (AUTOMATIC PLANT)
- Manufacturing Process
- Plant Economics of Potato Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
SKIMMED MILK POWDER
TOMATO POWDER
- Process Details
- Sun-Drying
- Description of Process
- Plant Economics of Tomato Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
TAMARIND SEED POWDER
- Manufacturing Process
- Plant Economics of Tamarind Seed Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
TURMERIC POWDER (EDIBLE GRADE)
- Plant Economics of Turmeric Powder (Edible Grade)
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
GARLIC POWDER
- Manufacturing Process
- Plant Economics of Garlic Powder
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
DEHYDRATED ONIONS & ONION POWDER
- Process of Manufacture
- Dehydration Method
- Plant Economics of Dehydrated Onions & Onion Powder
- Details of Plant & Machinery
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
HERBAL EXTRACTS (DRY)
- Plant Economics of Herbal Extracts
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
- Food Dryers
- Food Washing Machinery
- Boilers
- Blanching Machinery
- Storage Tank:Liquid
- Food Processing Machinery
- Food Pump
- Food Testers & Analysers
- Food Packaging Machinery
- Dehydrating Ovens
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL
- Food Preservatives
- Food Processing Chemicals
- Food Containers
- Food Colour & Dyes
- Food Packaging
- Food Puches
- Food Stabilisers
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