milk processing and dairy products industries (hand book)

MILK PROCESSING & DAIRY PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES


KNOWN INDIAN MILK PRODUCTS

Fermented Products Delhi
Fat-rich Products Makkan
Heat desiccated milk products khoa
Heat  and acid coagulated
Products  Panir
Cereal based products
Dahi
Srikhand
Sweetened  Dahi
Makkan
Ghee
Method of manufacture
Creamery method
Direct cream method
Direct cream method
Granulation in ghee
Packaging  and Storage
Legal Standards
Agmark grading
Fat  recovery in ghee made by  different methods
Deterioration
Renovation
Defects in ghee
Uses of ghee
Lassi
Khoa
Rabri
Kurchan
Chhana
Chhana spread
Kachagolla
Panir
Frozen Milk Products
Kulfi
Malai ka Baraf
Cereal based product
Milk sweet recipes
Cake without egg
Chhana kheer
Chhana Murki
Chocholate cream fingers
Chocolate mould
Coconut  balls
Coconut bun
Coconut burfi
Cottage cheese cake
Gulab Jamun
Kalakhand
Orange Pastry
Pantooa
Peda
Rasagolla
Sandesh

CHEESE

What is Cheese
Functions of milk constituents in cheese making
Milk fat
Casein
Water
Milk Sugar
Minerals  in Milk
Cheese making basics
Thermisation
Homogenization
Bactofugation
The Partial Partioning
The Quality of cheese milk
Potassium nitrate
Enzymes in cheese making
Cheese colour
Standardisation of milk
Pasteurization heat treatment
Some  of the factors governing  manufacture  of Cheese are
Preperation of cheddar cheese
Rennetting
Cheddar cheese from buffalo milk
Some representative varieties of cheese
Surti cheese
Bandal
Dacca
Whey Cheese
Ultrafiltration
Packaging of cheese
Cheese ripening
Curing Temperature
Accelerated cheese ripening
Milkfat breakdown during cheese ripenning
Mechanization in cheese making
Judging and grading of cheese
Processed Cheese
Definition of processed cheese
Legal standards
Nutritive value

BUTTER

Basic principles in butter making
Batch method of butter making
Manufacturing steps
Care
Operation of chum
Quality of cream
Heat treatment
Vacreation
Treatment for hard winter fat
Treatment for soft summer fat
Ripening of cream
Alternative process of culturing the butter
Preparation of D-bulk starter
The churning process
Churning  recovery
Washing  in butter
Salting
Working
Moisture control
Continuous butter making
Fritz process
Controls
Comparison between traditional and continuous butter making
Traditional Process
Continuous butter making
Butter  handling
Storage  life of butter
Spoilage  of butter
Legal standard
Desi (cooking butter)
Examination procedure
Requirement of high grade butter
Defects in butter
Appearance
Body and texture
Flavour and aroma

YOGHURT

Factors affecting the quality of Yoghurt
Pre-treatment of milk
Additives to be added
The heat induced changes in milk
Cooling the heated milk
Packaging
Plant  hygiene
Storage and keeping quality
Long life yoghurt
Frozen yoghurt

EVAPORATED AND CONDENSED MILKS

Introduction
Standards
Condensing of milk
Parts of milk evaporation plants
Selection of equipment
Falling film evaporator
Vacuum producing  equipment
Tightness Test
Method of making Evaporated milk
Milk reception
Forewarming
Evaporation
Homogenization
Standardization
Judging and grading
Sweetened Condensed Milk (SCM)
Method of making SCM
Condensing
Addition of sugar
Homogenization
Condensed milk containers
Judging and grading of sweetend
Condensed milk
Uses

DRIED MILK/MILK POWDER

Introduction
Skim Milk Powder (SMP)
The Roller drying process
Vacuum Drier
Preheating of milk
Preconcentration of milk
Principle of spray drying
Advantages of spray drying
Characteristics of  spray drying process
The components of a spray dryer
Atomiser
Air heating system
Drying chamber
Powder recovery system
Efficiency of drying
One stage drying
Two stage drying
Three stage drying
Packaging
Quality of milk powder
Instant milk powder
In the straight through method
The lecithination method
The re-wet method
Standards
Skim milk powder (SMP)
Defects in powder
Uses of milk powder

ICE-CREAM

Introduction
Composition and quality of ingredients
Slids not fat
Sugar
Stabillers
Emulsifiers
Total solids
Flavour
Colour
Ingredients of Ice Cream
Functions of the constituents
Classification
Preparation of gelatin, vanilla and chocolate
Method of manufacture
Culculation of the ingredients
Problem
Solution
Proof
Problem
Solution
Proof
Making the mix
Overrun in ice cream
Freezing equipment
Packaging
Hardening  rooms
Manufacture of Ice cream bars
Clearing of the freezer
Distribution
Food Value
Mellorine  and limitation frozen desserts

SOME DRIED DAIRY PRODUCTS

Manufacture of whey powder
Drum drying
Spray drying
Lactose
Dried  ice cream Mix
Melted milk powder
Method of Making
Baby food (Dried infant Milk Food)
Method of manufacture
Dry sodium caseinate
Anhydrous milkfat
Creamery package
Butter  powder
Cream Powder
Dried cheese
Chhana powder
Khoa powder
Gulabjamun mix powder

MARKET DAHI AND PURE CULTURE DAHI

Materials and Methods
Market dahi samples
Preparation of Laboratory dahi samples
Physico chemical analysis
Microbiological analysis
Sensory evaluation
Statistical analysis
Results and Discussions
Conclusion

PACKAGING OF MILK

PACKAGING OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS IN INDIA

Liquid Milk
Concentrated Milks
Milk Powder
Ice creams
Butter
Ghee
Cheese
Indigenous Milk Products

PACKAGING TRENDS FOR CHEESE AND OTHER DAIRY PRODUCTS

Milk Powder  Bulk
Milk Powder Retail
Butter
Yoghurt
Ice cream
Cheese
Cheese-Retail

MILK BASED SOFT DRINK WITH LONGER SHELF LIFE

Product Attributes
Salient features of Technology

FERMENTED MILK PRODUCTS FLAVOUR AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Introduction
Cheese Flavour
Enzyme Modified Cheese (EMC)
Enzymes that Remove off Flavours
Genetic Engineering
Use of Genetic Engineering for Production and Micro Organisms
Bacteria as Potential Sources of Flavour Metabolites

LOSSES AND THEIR POSSIBLE MANAGEMENT IN DAIRY INDUSTRY

Introduction
Losse and their reduction
Transportation
Adulteration of Milk
spoilage
Recommendations
Losses during product Making
Recommendations
Losses during Packaging
Storage Losses
Loss of Packaging materials
Loss of  chemicals  and cleaning agents
Wastage  of water
Measurement  of Losses
Methods of Monitoring losses

CULTURED  MILK PRODUCTS IN HUMAN NUTRITION

Definition and Composition
Type of cultured milks
Beneficial Effects of Cultured Products
Effects on Intestinal Metabolism
Control of intestinal pathogens
Lactose intolerance
Prevention of different forms of diarrhoea
Control of Serum Cholesterol
Anti-mutagenic and Anticarcinogenic Activity
Immuno modulation
Conclusion

FREEZE DRIED STARTER CULTURES IN FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS MANUFACTURE

Freeze drying of cultures
Use of Freeze dried culture
Maintenance and propagation of ampoule culture
Preparation of bulk culture
Defects of Starter Culture
Quality control test for starter culture
Organoleptic test
Acidity test
Microscopic examination
Catalase test
Mixed Starter cultures
Media
Sterile milk
Yeast dextrose milk
Litmus milk
Yeast dextrose litmus milk
Yeast Dextrose Broth
(for streptococoi)
Tomato Juice Broth (for Lactobacili)

DAIRY PRODUCTS

Ghee
Processed Cheese
Malted Milk Powder
Yoghurt
Coffee Complete
Composition
Dried Cream Mix
Composition
Dried Cheese Spread
Composition
Srikhand Powder
Composition
Protein Rich Biscuits From Jowar Soybean Skim Milk
(Weaning Food)
Butter Powder from Buffalo Milk
Weaning Food from Soybean and Cheese Whey
Spray Dried Mango Milk Powder
Composition
Improved Infant Formula
Humanization of Buffalo Milk
Reconstitution of B-K-Casein
In Rennet whey
In Skim Milk
Buffalo skim milk
Lowering of calcium level and curd tension
Reconstitution with vegetable fat and carbohydrates
Evaporated Milk
Milk Powder
Drum Drying /Roller Drying
Manufacturing Process
Spray Process
Principle
Manufacturing Process
Spray Process
Principle
Manufacturing Process
Dried Milk
Legal Standards (PFA Regulation)
Flavoured Milk
Standardisation of milk
Addition of Sugar
Filtration
Addition of colour and flavour
Pasteurization

PRODUCTS DIVERSIFICATION IN DAIRY INDUSTRY

Banana Milk Powder
Coffee Complete
Tea Complete
Composition
Dried Ice Cream Mix
Composition
Dried Cheese Spread
Composition
Dried Channa
Composition
Srikhand Powder
Composition
Edible Casein and  Sodium Caseinate
Composition
Soffy from Soyabean and Butter milk
Composition
Protein Rich Biscuits from Jowar Soybean Skimmilk
Composition
Lassi from Soybean and buttermilk
Composition
Frozen Yoghurt from Soybean and buttermilk
Composition
Flavoured Type Milk Beverage from Cheese Whey
Soft  Drink  type Beverage from Lactose Reduced Whey

COFFEE COMPLETE

Approximate Composition
Principle of Production
Storage
Instructions for use

PANEER

Manufacturing Technique
Coagulation of Milk
Draining, Hooping & Pressing
Cooling and Packaging
Preservation
Yield and Composition

CHEESE FROM BUFFALOW MILK

Scientific Basis to Cheese Manufacture
Steps in Cheddar Cheese  Manufacture from Cow Milk
Cheddar Cheese from Buffalo Milk
Salient Features of Presalting Method
Gouda Cheese
Steps in Gouda Cheese Manufacture from Cow Milk
Steps in Gouda Cheese manufacture from Buffalow Milk
Mozzarella Cheese
Steps in Mozzarella Cheese Manufacture
Cottage Cheese
Steps in Cotage Cheese Manufacture from Cow Skim Milk
Preparation of dressing
Steps in Cottage Cheese
Manufacture from Buffalo skim Milk

WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE

Background Information
Method of Manufacture
Composition
Shelf Life

PRODUCTION OF YOGHURT

Types of Youghurt
Starter Cultures for Yoghurt
Preparation of Bulk Starter
Preparation of Yoghurt
Materials
Method
Defects in Youghurt
Standards for Yoghurt
Fruits and Artificial Flavours in Yoghurt
Prospects of the Yoghurt
Nutritive Value of Yoghurt

TEA COMPLETE

Physical characteristics and approximate Composition
Principles of Production
Preparation of milk concentrate
Preaparation of tea infusion
Admixing of concentrated milk, sugar and tea extract
Drying of tea milk concentrate
Packing
Storage
Reconstitution

CASEIN FROM MILK

Manufacture of Casein
Now -a-days a different types of filter is using to separate whey
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

DAIRY FARM

Breeds
Composition of Cattle feed
Manufacturing Process
Milking Buffaloes by Hand
Cooling & Storing Milk
Filteration
Homogenization
Clarification
Pasteurization
Refrigeration or Freezing System
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum
 
FLAVOURED MILK

B.I.S. Specifications
Scope
Terminology
General Requirements
Raw Milk
Pasteurization
Hygienic Requirements
Bottling and packing
Marking
Sampling
Tests
Flavouring Essence
Vanilla Essence
Process of Manufacture
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

DAIRY FARM TO PRODUCE MILK

Cattle Feed
Manufacturing Process
Milking Cows by hand
Cooling & Storing Milk
Filtration
Homogenization
Clarification
Pasteurization
Refrigeration or Freezing System
Testing
Packing
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

ICE CREAM & ICE CANDY

Formulations
Candy Products and Confectionery Chocolate
Peanut Bars
Fruit Jelly Candies
Sugar Coating for Candy
French Chewing  Candy
Ice Cream Preparation
Chocolate Ice Cream
Preparation of the Mix
Order of Adding Ingredients
Pasteurization of Mix
Homogenizing of the Mix
Cooling the Mix
Aging  the Mix
The Freezing Process
Ice Cream Preparation (Freeze it)
Chocolate
Process Description
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

PROCESSED CHEESE

Composition of Cheese
Manufacturing Process
Curd Formation
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

MILK POWDER & GHEE

Property of Milk Powder
Composition of Milk Powder
Process of Manufacture of Milk Powder
Roller Drying
Manufacturing Process of Ghee
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

SOYA MILK AND PANEER

Process of Manufacture
Preparation of Paneer
Moisture
Milk Preparations
Ripening
Renneting
Setting Time
Whey extraction
Milling
Pressing
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

LACTOSE AND BY PRODUCTS PROCESSING FROM MILK

Properties of Lactose
Process of Manufacture
Lactose Manufacturing
Production
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

CONDENSED MILK (SWEETENED)

Definition
Specification
Condensed Milk Sweetened
Milk Unsweetened (Evaporated Milk)
Skimmed milk, Sweetened
Skimmed milk unsweetened (Evaporated Skimmed Milk)
Composition and Standards
Method of Manufacturing Packing and Storage of Condensed Milk
Receiving Milk
Alcohol Index (AI)
Alcohol Alizarin Test
Clot on Boiling Test
Filtration/Clarification
Standardization
Forewarming/pre heating
Addition of sugar
Description of a vacuum pan
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

BUTTER MILK

Properties & Characteristics of Butter Milk
Manufacturing Process of Butter Milk
Natural Butter Milk
Cultured Butter Milk
Details of Manufacture
Preparation
Creaming
Salting
Adding Butter Granules
Whey off or Whey Separation
Too Much Viscsity
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

TONED MILK

Manufacturing Process of Toned Milk
Standardisation
Homogenisation
Clarification
Pasteurisation
Testing
Distribution
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

DAIRY PRODUCTS & MILK PACKAGING IN POUCHES

Ghee, Butter, Paneer and Casein Flavoured Milk, Cheese Yoghurt  and Ice Cream
Manufacturing Process
Cooling and Storing Milk
Filtration
Standardisation
Homogenisation
Clarification
Pasteurisation
Testing
Distribution
Manufacture of Casein
Yoghurt from Milk
Processing
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working capital/month
Total capital investent
Turn over/Annum

SOYMILK AND TOFU

Soyamilk
Tofu
Okara
Soymilk Powder
Nutritional Powder
Soyacow Project
Soyacow
Cost Benefit Analysis for Soyacow

DETAILS OF MACHINERIES USED IN DAIRY FARM & PRODUCTS

Aluminium Alloy Milk Can
Aluminium Alloy Milk Can with Interlocking Attached Ltd
Stainless Steel Milk Cans 304 Quality
Milk Buckets of Stainless steel with Ltd. Hygienic Construction
Plastic Milk Can
Can Scrubber
Can Trollery for 40L 20 L Can
Milk testing Centrifuges Hand Centrifuges
GH Series
GC Series
CB Series
Spares
Electrical Centrifuges
ECT Series
Nova Safety Centrifuges
JT Series
GS-3 Series
Butyrometers
Butyrometer water Bath (Electrical)
Lock Stoppers
Stands
Brushes
Till Measures
Dairy Thermometers
Amyl Alcohol for Gerber Test
Sampling Appliances
Strainer/Funnel
Milk Stirrer/Plungar
Milk Collection Trays
Certified Instruments from Shriram Institute for Industrial Research , New Delhi
Lactometers
Zeel Type
Quevene  Type
Desco Type
Lactometer with in built thermometer
Hydrometer
Lactometer Jars
Milko Muneem
Electronic Milk Fat Tester with in built Data Processor
Netco Electronic Milk Tester Reagents
Ultrasonic Milk Analyzer
Labortory Instruments
Laboratory Beaker, Flask & Test Tubes
Milk Preservatives for Laboratory Use
Laboratory Chemicals
Sealing Accessories
Cream Separators
Cream Separators Cap. 60 LPH
Cream Separator cap 60 LPH Electric
Cream Separator Cap.100 LPH
Cream Separator Cap.165 LPH
Cream Separator Cap.225 LPH
Cream Separator Cap.325 LPH
Cream Separator Cap.425 LPH
Cream Separator Cap.550 LPH
Cream Separator Cap.750 LPH
Cream Separator Cap.1000 LPH
Spares for Cream Separators
Butter Churners
Butter Churners Cap. 5 Ltr.
Butter Churners Cap. 20 Ltr.
Butter Churners Cap. 60 Ltr.
Butter Churners Cap. 90 Ltr.
Butter Churners Cap. 150 Ltr.
Butter Churners Cap. 250 Ltr.
Butter Churners Cap. 500 Ltr.
Butter Churners Cap. 1000 Ltr.
Optional Features for above butter churners
Butter Making Accessories
Sealing and Filling Machines
Milk Pumps
Batch Pasteurizer
Milk Cooling
Instant Milk Chilling Units (IMCU)
Plate Coolers/Chillers
Dump Tank
Milking Machine
Milking Machine Spares Accessories
Milk can Assembly & Parts
Rubber Pipes and Tubes
Vacuum Pipe Line
Khoa Machines (Milk Condensing Unit)
Khoa Machine 15 Ltr. Cap.
Khoa Machine 30 Ltr. Cap.
Khoa Machine 60 Ltr. Cap.
Automatic Milk Vending Machines for Loose Milk
Spare Parts of Milk Vending Systems
S.S. Valves & Fittings SMS AISI 304 Quality
Weighing Balances/Scales
Milk Recording

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES
 
Dairy Machinery
Dairy Products Moulds
Dairy Tanks
Ice Cream Machinery
Cheese Moulds
Confectionery Machinery
Packaging Machinery

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