eBook on modern technology of wood, veneer, plywood, particle board, fibreboard, bamboo & forest products

MODERN TECHNOLOGY OF WOOD, VENEER, PLYWOOD, PARTICLE BOARD, FIBREBOARD,
BAMBOO & FOREST PRODUCTS 



Wood-The Energy Source    

Introduction   
Energy Needs   
Wood Materials Available for   
Energy
Biomass Consumption    
Classification
Converting Wood to Energy   
Burning/Combustion Method   
Wood Fuel Estimation   
Other Methods of Converting   
Wood to Energy
Energy Uses   
Firewood   
Wood Energy for Forest   
Based Industries
Wood Energy for Other   
Industries

Wood Carbonisation
   
Definition   
Carbonisation   
Stages of Carbonization   
Charcoal-Composition   
Charcoal Yield   
Method of Charcoal Manufacture and Equipment types vis-a-vis Carbonization Processes
Continuous Furnaces   
Operational Procedure of Wood Carbonization
Kiln Method   
Retort Method (The Constantine Portables)
Operational Advantages   
Charcoal Quality   


Saw Mill    

Introduction   
History of Small-Log   
Handling and Processing Systems


Types of Saw
   
Definition   
The Carpenter's Hand Saw   
Two-man Ripping Hand Saw   
The Frame Saw   
Circular Saw   
Band Saws   

Timber Terminology    

Saw Types    

Circular Saw    

Sawing Methods    

Introduction   

Operations of Saw Mill    


How We do Manage    
Wood Waste


Solid wood Waste   
Untreated Waste   
Treated Waste   
Waste from wood derived materials

"Waste...? The use of by products in the forest products industries

Value added products manufactured from  wood waste
Animal bedding and litter   
Boiler fuel/Wood Pallets   
Chunkrete   
Compost amendments/Soil amendments and potting soil
Erosion control   
Lanfill cover   
Paper and Panel Products   
Syngas   
Mulch   
Packaging Filler   
Playground/Handicapped access ground cover
Road Stablization/Pathways   
Market Summary   

Okoume (Aucoumea Klaineana)

Properties   
Durability   
Seasoning   
Working Properties   
Uses   

Chemical Seasoning of Round Bamboo

Some tips on use of  Edge Glued boards

End Sealing   
Surface Sealing   
Design Requirements
Stress Points   

Adhesives used for    Wood Products

Introduction   
Classification   
British System of Classification   
General Classification   
Glue/Adhesive Terminology   
Casein Glue   
Animal Glues   
Resin Glues   
Phenol Formaldehyde    
Adhesives
Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive   
Lignin Based Adhesive   
Adhesive Testing   

Lamination and  Laminated Wood Products

Introduction   
Lamination   
Laminated Wood   
Manufacture   
Lumber sorting and     re-grading Section-Lumber Preparation
Glue Spreading and Pressing Section
Advantages of Laminated Wood   
Wood-Metal Laminates   

Technology of Veneer  and Plywood


Origin and History of Plywood   
Veneers and Veneering   
Veneer Logs   
Species used for Veneering   
Veneer Types   
Rotary-cut-Veneer   
Sliced Veneer   
Manufacture of Veneers   
Veneer Yield   
Veneer Grades   
Plywood   
Balanced Construction   
Properties of Plywood   
Advantages of Plywood   
World Production   
Plywood Manufacture   
Pretreatment of Raw Material in the Log Yard
Production of Plywood in the Mill   
Veneer Production   
Treatment of Veneers against insects and fungi   
Veneer Drying   
Preparation and further Treatment of Veneers
Patching of Veneers   
Mixing of Spreading the Glue
Lay-up and Pressing   
Conditioning of Plywood Panels   
Finishing of Plywood Panels   
Packing of Storage   
Sizes and thickness   
Marketing and Dispatch   
Moulding of Plywood   
Special Treatment against Decay and Fire
Uses of Plywood   
Types and Grades of Plywood   
Based on the Species Used   
Special Plywood   
Overload Panels   
Overlaying of Plywood   
"Wonder-Woods" of Ply Industry
Other forms of Plywood   
Definition of Kinds   
Laminated Veneer Lumber   

Adhesives for panel Products

Classification of Adhesives   
Adhesives of Natural Origin   
Synthetic resin Adhesives   
Phenolic resins   
Phenol formaldehyde resin   
Fast/low temperature curing    phenol formaldehyde resin   
Amino Resins   
Urea Formaldehyde Resins   
Characteristics of UF Resins   
Melamine formaldehyde resin   
Grades of PF and UF Resin    Adhesives
Isocyanate Resins   
Constituents of Adhesive Formulations
Catalysts
Fillers and extenders   
Fortifiers   
Buffers   
Preservations   
Technical Limitations   
Adhesives based on Blend of Natural Polyphenols and Synthetic Resins   
Tannin Adhesives   
Lignin Adhesives   
Cashewnut shell liquid Based adhesives
Inorganic Cements   
Prospects for Research   

Beech (Fagus Species)    

Properties   
Durability   
Seasoning   
Availability   
Uses   


Prevention and Control of Powder Post borer

Lyctid Borers   
Prophylactic protection of wood   
Preventive methods   
Bamboo is very susceptible   
Eradication of Borers   
Heat Sterilization   
Fumigation   
Economics   

Sandwich Boards    

Definition   
Construction   
Materials Used   
Structural Properties   
Uses   

Manufacture of Particleboard and Composite Products

Definition   
Flavours   
Basic Materials   
Particleboard-Classification    and Types
Flat-Platen Pressed Particleboard
Extruded Particleboard   
Low Density (Insulating Type) Particleboard
Medium Density Particleboard   
High Density (Hardboad type) Particleboard
Raw Materials   
Wood Raw Materials   
Additives   
Particleboard Manufacture   
Raw Material Handling and Segregation
Particle Preparation   
Debarking   
Cutting/Flake Preparation   
Classification   
Screen Classification   
Secondary Reduction of Flakes   
Conveying   
Drying   
Re-screening   
Resin Blending   
Forming/Matt Spreading   
Cooling and Conditioning   
Trimming   
Additional Manufacturing  Operations
Storage and dispatch   
Quality Control   
Composite Products   
Wood-Cement Products   
Bamboo Board   
Sawdust Board   
Other Boards   
Important Characteristics  and Uses of Particleboard
Strength Properties   
Dimensional Characteristics   
Uses   


Fibreboard Technology

Introduction   
Definition   
Classification   
Non-Compressed Fibreboard (Insulation Board)
Semi-Rigid Insulation Board   
Rigid Insulation Board   
Compressed Fibreboard (hardboard)
Intermediate density of medium density fibreboard
Hardboard   
Special Densified Hardboards   
Terminology   
Raw Materials   
Wood Raw Material   
Additives   
Water   
History of Hardboard Manufacture
Raw Material Handling   
Pulp Preparation   
Mechanical Pulping   
Thermal Plus Mechanical
Pulping
Chemical Plus
Mechanical Pulping
Explosion Process   
Sizing   
Formation   
Drying   
Additional Manufacturing Operations
Hardboard   
Sizing   
Formation   
Pressing   
Tempering   
Humidification and Conditioning   
Trimming   
Additional Manufacturing Operations
Combined Insulation Board    and Hardboard Operation
Testing of Sheet Materials   
Uses/Applications   

Manufacturing Technology of  Pulp and Paper

Introduction   
Background   
Historical Development   
The Manufacturing Process   
Pulp   
Definition   
Pulp Production   
Pulp Types   
Pulping Processes   
Wood Preparation   
Mechanical Pulping   
Stone Groundwood Pulping   
Refiner Mechanical Pulping   
Thennomechanical Pulping   
Uses of Mechanical Pulps   
Merits and Demerits of Mechanical Pulping
Chemical Pulping   
Sulphite Process   
Sulphate Process
Semichemical Pulping
Chemimechanical Pulping   
Washing and Bleaching   
Qualities and Uses of Pulp   
Other Operations before paper manufacture
Beating and Refining of Pulp   
Introduction of Additives   
Blending   
Forming the Paper/    Sheet Formation
Fourdrinier Type Machine   
The Wet End or the Wire   
The Press Section   
The Dryer Section   
The Calender Section   
Sizing   
Reeling and Final Cutting   
Cylinder Paperboard Machine   
Recycling Wastepaper   
Rayon or Artificial Silk Manuracture
Manufacture Techniques   
Uses   


Types of Flooring     

Solid hardwood flooring         
Engineered or Multilayer flooring
Laminate Flooring   
India : The Possible future course


Wenge (Millettia laurentii)

Workability   
Availability   
Uses   


Kiln drying :Manual Versus Automatic

What is manual or     Automatic Control ?
What are the advantages of Automatic kilns?
Cycle Time   
Cost effectiveness   


Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Emulsions as Wood Adhesives

Phenolic Resins   
Emulsion Preparation   
Similarities of Phenolic Emulsions to Traditional     Resoles
Differences between Phenolic Emulsions and Traditional Resoles   


Bamboo mat composites and  moulded products


Manufacturing Process Bamboo Mat Composites and Moulded Products
Bamboo Mat Board (BMB)   
Bamboo Mat Veneer Composites (BMVC)
Bamboo mat corrugated sheets (BMCS)
Moulded articles   
Uses of Bamboo Mat Composites
Results and Discussion   
Conclusions   


Shake and Shingle    Industry- Roofing Material 

Introduction   
Hand Split Shakes   
Tools for Manufacture of Hand Split Shakes
Timber Selection   
Splitability   
Treatability   
Splitting   
Problems   
Shingles   
Timber Selection   
Building Practices   
Roof Farming   
Installation   
Flashing   
Vent Pipes   
Hips and Ridges   
Valleys   
Materials   

Processed Wood and Wood Products

Furniture Industry   
Selection of Timber Species   
Sawing and Subsequent Treatment
The Indian Wooden Furniture Industry
Chinese Furniture Industry   
United States Furniture Industry
Downstream Processing of further processed Wood Products-World Scenario
Raw Materials, Smaller Logs    and Smarter Technology
Sustainable Forest Management Implications

Wood and Biomass Utilization


Changing Nature of Timber Resources
Timber from World Forests   
Complete Utilization of Raw    Materials   

Forest Products    

Nomenclature and Definition   
Classification   
Fibres, Flosses and Coir   
Fibres from Leaves   
Flosses   
Coir   
Grasses, Bamboo and Canes   
Bamboo   
Canes   
Distilation and Extraction Products including Oil Yielding Grasses
The Distillation Process   
Oil Seeds   
Tans and Dyes   
Dyes   
Dyes from Leguminous Plants   
Exudes-Gums, Resins, Oleoresins, Rubber, Latex etc
Resins   
Rubber   
Latex   
Lac   
Silk   
Medicinal Plants, Drugs, Poisons
Traditional Medicines   
Pharmaceutical Drugs   
Poisons   
Edible Products   
Fruits, Nuts and Seeds   
Flowers   
Palms   
Bamboo and Rattans   
Spices, Condiments and Herbal Teas
Fungi   
Honey   
Animal Protein   
Fodder and Feed   
Miscellneous    
Pesticides   
Orchid   
Terrestrial Orchids   
Epiphytic Orchids growing on trees, or on rocks
Insect Ranching   
Wildlife and Ecotourism   
Wildlife   
Eco-tourism   
Role of NTFP in the National Economy
Needs of Rural People   
The National Needs   
Demand-Supply Position   
Policy and Future     Management
International Cooperation   

Bamboo Mat Board,Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets & Bamboo Floor Board

Introduction   
Why bamboo mat/    ply board
Technology    
Application of Bamboo Mat    Board (BMB)
In house Construction& House-hold
In Transportation   
In Concrete form work   
Shuttering   
The properties of BMB are comparable to plyboard
The Properties of Bamboo mat corrugated sheet
Comparative properties   
Properties of Bamboo Floor    Board
Size   
Colour   
Process   
Bamboo Mat Board   
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
Bamboo Floor Board   
Proposed Capacity   
Raw Material   
Plant and Equipment   
Building and civil Work   
Power Requirement   
Water Requirement   
Direct Employment
Indirect contract employment   
Financial analysis   
Break Even Point   
Pay Back Period   
Internal Rate of Return   


Bamboo Shoot    

Indian Governmental Policy   
Facts   
Possibility   
Action Plan   
Introduction of Bamboo Shoots   
Proposed Capacity
Dried Bamboo Shoots   
Canning of Bamboo Shoots   
Plant and Equipment   
Packaging Section   
Building and Civil Work   
Power Requirement   
Water Requirement   
Employment   
Estimated Project Cost   
Break Even Point   
Pay Back Period   
Internal Rate of Return   
Projected Profitability Statement   
Name of the Machine Manufacturer
Consultants   

Cane & Bamboo Products

Products and Uses
Market   
Quality   
Process   
Production Target   
Basis and Presumption   
Infrastructure required   
Cost of shed   
Machinery and Tools   
Total Capital Cost   
Manpower   
Other Administrative Overheads (per month)
Total Working Capital   
Working Capital Estimation   
Capital Cost of Project   
Total Investment   
Sales Realization   
   
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