plastic waste recycling technology (hand book)

PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY


INTRODUCTION

DETAILS OF POLYMERS

Types of Polymers
Thermoplastics and Thermosets
Polymer Structure
Homopolymers and Copolymers
Polymer Families
Polymer Blends
Additives
Conversion
Engineering Thermoplastics
Addition and Condensation Polymerization
Aliphatic and Aromatic Polymers
Morphology and Properties
Copolymerization
Additives
Classification of Plastics
Definition
Plastics Classification
Thermoplastics
Thermosettings

TYPES OF PLASTICS

IDENTIFICATION OF PLASTICS

Misecelianeous Observations
Burning  Test
Density Determination
Heating Test
Identification of Plastic Materials
Thermoplastics
ABS
Acetal
Acrylic
Cellulose Acetate
Cellulose Acetate Butyrate
Cellulose Propionate
Fluorocarbons
Nylons
Polycarbonate
Polyethylene
Polyphenylene Oxide (PPO)
Polypropolene
Polystyrene
Polysulfone
Polyurethane (Thermoplastics)
PVC
Thermoplastics
Thermosetting Plastics
Diallyl Phthalate (DAP)
Epoxy
Melamine formaldehyde
Phenol Formaldehyde
Polyesters
Silicones
Urea Formaldehyde

RECYCLING OF PLASTIC WASTE

Conventional Methods
Current Trends
Mechanical Recycling
Mixed Plastic Waste
Feedstock Recycling
Hydrogenation
Synthetic Gas Production
Pyrolysis
Solvolysis
Energy Recovery
A Commonly Used Process for Films  waste
The  Commitment
Optimixing Recycling
Source of Plastic Waste
New Trends
Future

RECYCLING OF THERMOSETS


CHEMICAL RECYCLING

Cryogenic Recycling of Bottles
Recycling of Synthetic
Carpet Waste
Low  cost Recycle Sorting
Plastics into Fuel Oil
Mobile System of Recycling
Recycled Engineering Elastomers

RECYCLING COMMODITIES PLASTICS

Polylelins
Polystyrene
Polyvinyl Chloride PVC

RECOVERY OF CHEMICALS FROM PLASTIC WASTE

Plastic Degradation
Modes of Polymer Degradation
Thermal Degradation
Mechanical Degradation
Photo Degradation
Bio Degradation
Chemical Degradation
Solvolysis
Results and Discussions
ICI, Mitsubishi Rayon Link for Acrylic  Recycling Techniques

FACTORS AFFECTING RECYCLING PROCESS

Pre-Conditions for high value added plastics/recycling
Achievable quality sources of the waste and possibilities to improve the properties
Additives and how they improve processing or quality

AUTOMATIC SCRAP RECYCLING

Film Extrusion
Sheet Extrusion
Injection Moulding
Blow Moulding
Vacuum Forming
Economics

RECLAIMING POLYAMIDE  SPIN FIBRES

Methods of processing PA-spin fibre waste into  high quality compounds
Extrusion line for compounding of PA-Spin fibre  waste  to engineering plastic compounds
Performance capabilities of the TSK-N 60 Compounding  line

EPS RECYCLING  FROM POST CONSUMER EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE

Figure and facts
An Economical way of recycling gives EPS waste a new life
Advantages of this technology
Description of the process  and equipment
Advantages of a co-rotating twin screw extruder in this terminology
General information about the TSK Twin Screw  Extruder Series
Thermoset/Chemical processing machines

NEW PATENTED  PROCESSES

Cryogenic Recycling Technology
Reclaiming Vinyl fabric
New Ideas for efficiency in film Recycling
New innovations  by Sorema
Another Method for Reprocessing
Most used scrap emanating
Patented Process for Recycling Expanded Polystyrene
One Pass Extruder for Reclaiming Film Scrap
Recycling Polymer Alloys
New Technology Eliminates Paint Stripping
Technology from Alida Recycling Ltd. to Reclaim Polyethene Films Label P.V.C. Adhesive  etc. All
get separated
Recycling mixed waste

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND FUTURE  PROSPECTS

Environmental Health and Future Prospects
Hazardous Effects of Plastics
Polluting  Substance
Air Pollution
Safety Pollution
Safety Measures
Product Safety
Future Prospects
Improving working  conditions and the environment
Technology transfer and development

RECYCLING POLYESTER RESINS

PET and APET
RPET
PETG
CPET
Direct Method
Remelting
Chemical Reduction
Process  Route  of Michigan Technology University

POLYURETHANE  WASTE RECYCLING


RECYCLING AND  GOVERNMENT POLICIES

Regional Co-Operation
Practices abroad -Japan
China
Malaysia


INDENTIFICATION OF PLASTICS

Separation of Laminates
Tests for Physical Properties
Burning Tests
Simplest test for cellulose
Griess Test for Nitrogen
Prepare  Griess Reagent
Lie Burmann-s Torch Morawkli Test
Burning Tests for Plastic Identification
Polyester (Alkyds)
Silicones
Acrylics
Cellulose Acelate
CAB
Cellulose Propionate
Cellulose Nitrate
Ethyl Cellulose
Polystyrene
Styrene Acronitrite (SAN)
ABS
PVC
PVA
Polyvinylidene Chloride
Polypropylene
Polycarbonate
Nylon
Acetals
Teflon
Poly Phenylene Oxide
Poly Phenylene Oxide
Poly Sulphone
Fibre Glass and Asbestos filter
Solvent Required for Polymer Identification

PLASTICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

American Scenario
Plastics Waste Solutions
Source Reduction
Recycling
Waste to Energy
Fuel Value
Landfills
Conclusion
Biodegradable Plastics
Mechanism of biogradation
Problem encountered
Application

RECYCLING AN INDUSTRIAL APPROACH

Recycling Routes
Physical Recycling
Physical recycling sorting Techniques
Sink Folat Technique
Electrostatic Separation Process (ESTA)
Centrifugal System
Froth Floatation Technique
Recycling Process Machinery
Physical Recycling
Indian Scenario
Physical Recycling Techniques Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Polyolefins (PE and PP)
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Polystyrene (PS)
Industrial and Engneering Plastics
Chemical Recycling
Incineration
Potential Recycted Plastics Products
Indian Recycling the present status


GET VIRGIN QUALITY FROM REPROCESSED


The World of SB J-Von
Range of TPR Compounds Currently manufactured include
Why TPR
Products to match
Reprocessed Quality with Virgin
The Product
Areas of Application
Advantages
This product has proven its effectiveness in moulded articles like
Test Results
The Product
Physical Properties
The Product
Physical Properties

PLASTIC GRANULES FROM FRESH RESIN


Manufacturing Process of LDPE Granules from LOPE Resin
Plastic filter Granules (PP)
PVC Granules
Process of Manufacture
Plant Economics
Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over /Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

PLASTIC GRANULES

Process of Manufacture
Concentration of Blending
Removal of Colour to obtain Transparent Granules by Activated Carbon Treatment
Filteration
Distillation
Cooling and Dehumidifying
Granulation
Weighing, filling and Packing
Plant Economics
Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total working capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point


PET BOTTLE RECYCLING


RECYCLING  OF PVC


Coding and Aid to Separation
Recycling of Short Life PVC Products
Bottles
Separation of Hydrocyclones
New Products from Recycled PVC Bottles
Prospects for Chemical Recycling of PVC
Recyclable Vinyl
PVC Bottes, Jars  and Containers
Design Consideration
Physical Properties
Marketing Consideration
Sales and Recyclable
Lower Mold Costs


RECYCLING TECHNIQUES THE NEXT GENERATION

What is resource Conseration?
Why are plastics used?
Importance  of Plastics recycling and waste management for a cleaner  environment
MSW ( Municipal Solid Waste) Analysis
IDPW (Industrial Packaging Waste) Analysis
What does plastic  recycling involve ?
Plastic waste recycling  processes
Challenges in plastic waste recycling
Think Quality A key to success in plastic recycling shredders
Use  of a shredder in the Plastic Industry
Plastic  drums and cans
Lumps, purging and sprues
Thermoforming and injection scraps
Out concern for the environment
Characteristics of a typical plastic reprocessing line
Extruder
Forced Feed
The screen changer
Die face cutter
Conversation of mixed plastics
Stop Press-A new invention
Dissolving for recycle
Conclusion

QUALITY CONTROL TESTS

Suggested Equipment for Tests in Quality Control Laboratory
Testing
Anticipating problems
Integrating disciplines
Data disparities
Tapping resources
Automaed Stations
Plastic Performance Tests
Tensile Strength
Deflection Temperature
Unde Load
Melt Flow Rate
Flexural  Properties
Optical Properties
Glass
Haze
Impact Strength
Izod
Charpy
Charpy
Tensite Impact
Falling Dart
Instrumental Impact


PLANT ECONOMICS OF  PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE RESIN


Rated Plant Capacity
Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point



PLANT ECONOMICS OF POLY AMIDE RESIN


Rated Plant Capacity
Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point


PLANT ECONOMICS  OF POLYESTER RESINS

Rated Plant Capacity
Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point


PLANT ECONOMICS OF POLYCARBONATE RESIN

Rated Plant Capacity
Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point


PLANT ECONOMICS OF UREA FORMALDEHYDE RESIN


Rated Plant Capacity
Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point


PLANT ECONOMICS OF ACRYLIC COPOLYER EMULSION


Rated Plant Capacity
Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point


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