Detailed Project Report on polyaluminium chloride

Aluminium chloride hydroxide [1327-41-9], [10284-64-7], Alcl (OH)2   [14215-15-7],  AlCl2(OH),  produts,  commonly  known   as polyaluminium  chlorides  (PAC), are used for a wide  variety  of industrial applications. Other names for PAC are basic aluminium chloride,  polybasic aluminium   chloride,   aluminium   hydroxychloride,    aluminium oxychloride,   and  aluminium  chlorohydrate.  The  presence   of polymeric,  aluminium-containing  cations,  the  distribution  of which can differ greatly, typifies PAC products.    Although  the formation of polynuclear aluminium species  in solution has been studied for over a centary, there is still much controversy concerning aluminium polymerization reactions and the resulting product compositions. Polyaluminium  chloride is a partially hydrolyzed  aluminium chloride  solution,  which  may incorporate  a  small  amount  of sulphate, has been introduced in Japan, England and Australia  as an alternative to alum. Known as poly(aluminium chloride) or poly (aluminium hydroxy chloride is a member of the family of basic aluminium  chlorides. These are partially neutralized hydrates having the formula. Al2Cl6-x(OH)x.6H2O Where x = 1.5 Polyaluminum   chloride  (PAC)  is  also  called   Aluminium chloride  Hydroxide [1327-11-9]. Poly (aluminum  chloride),  PAC, has also an approximate empirical formula. Al (OH)1.5 (SO4)0.125 Cl1.25 and is available as a  solution with an aluminium content of 10 wt% expressed as Al2O3. It is  an all-effective   coagulant.  It  is  reputed  to  provide   faster flocculation and stronger flocs than alum in some applications. Polyaluminum  chloride is one of the  significant  inorganic flocculants.   The  most  important  inorganic  flocculants   are currently  the  trivalent salts of aluminum and iron as  well  as activated silica. Flocculants are used to optimize the separation of  the solid phase from the liquid phase in aqueous  suspension. These  suspensions  usually  consist  of  organic  or   inorganic particles,  which are of finely divided to colloidal  consistency and are distributed in water as a dispersing medium. With smaller particles, the suspension is more stable i.e. the lower  is  the tendency for the particles to agglomerate and sediment. However, addition of a flocculant drastically increases the rate of particle sedimentation so that  a  clear,  supernatant liquid  is  obtained.  The settled sludge can then  be  filtered rapidly or centrifuged, resulting in a more efficient separation. Polyaluminium chloride, or PAC is made by partial hydrolysis of aluminum chloride to form a mixture of polymeric species.  It is more expensive than alum on a weight basis, but has  advantage over  alum such as not lowering the pH as much and better   cost-effectiveness  in  some applicaitons. Residual  aluminum  in  the water  is  said  ti be lower and  performance in  cold  water  is better. It is sold as a solution.

POLYALUMINIUM CHLORIDE (EIRI-1016)

Cost Estimation

Plant Capacity                                      2 MT./Day
Land & Building (Area 1000 Sq.Mt.)  Rs. 42 Lacs
Plant & Machinery                                Rs. 52 Lacs        
W.C. for 3 Months                                Rs. 1.13 Cr.          
Total Capital Investment                      Rs. 2.17 Cr.             
Rate of Return                                      25%  
Break Even Point                                 48%

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• Capacity
  
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• Labour/Staff Requirements
  
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• Turnover
  
• Cost of Production
  
• Break Even Point
  
• Profitability
  
• Land Man Ratio
  
• Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials
  
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