Detailed Project Report on Pomegranate Cultivation

POMEGRANATE CULTIVATION

[EIRI/EDPR/3676] J.C.: 1763XL 

INTRODUCTION    

Pomegranate is one of the commercial fruit crops of India. It is native to Iran (Persia).Pomegranate is known as a drought tolerant crop, yet regular irrigation is mandatory to commercial yield production.Water levels and optimal irrigation regime depend on a plurality of factors as soil type, tree size, physiological phase and potential evaporation.As a rule the tree needs little supplemental irrigation. The commonly used irrigation regime in pomegranate orchards relies mainly on the experience gained by growers and less on formal experiments.

Pomegranate prefers dry climate. During fruit development. Proloned hot and dry climate is required. Optimum temperature congenial for fruit development is 38 degree C. in humid climate the fruits are severely damaged by pomegranate butterfly and do not develop sweetness. It is winter hardy and very drought tolerant. It can grow upto an elevation of 1850 meters.

Pomegranate grows well under semi-arid conditions and can be grown upto an altitude of 500 m. above m.s.l.. It thrives well under hot, dry summer and cold winter provided irrigation facilities are available. The tree requires hot and dry climate during fruit development and ripening. Pomegranate tree is deciduous in areas of low winter temperature and an evergreen or partially deciduous in tropical and sub-tropical conditions. It can tolerate frost to a considerable extent in dormant stage, but is injured at temperature below - 110C.

It grows under wide variety of soils and can tolerate even alkalinity and salinity to certain extent. However, best results are obtained in deep heavy loam and well drained soils. It is sensitive to soil moisture fluctuations causing fruit cracking which is a serious problem of this crop. Well drained, sandy loan to deep loamy or alluvial soils is suitable for Pomegranate Farming.

COST ESTIMATION

Land & Building (100 Acres)  Rs. 19.66 Cr    

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 9.84 Cr

Working Capital for 3 Months   Rs. 1.29 Cr

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 31.56 Cr

Rate of Return                         18%

Break Even Point                     58%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION    

VARIETY OF POMEGRANATE    

DHOLKA:

SEEDLESS (BEDANA):    

GANESH    

MUSKAT    

JYOTHI    

JALORE SEEDLESS

JODHPUR RED    

USES AND APPLICATION    

BOTANY OF POMEGRANATE    

MARKET OVERVIEW OF POMEGRANATE    

GROWING IMPORT FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES    

FIGURE: EUROPEAN IMPORT VOLUME OF FRESH FRUIT INCLUDINGPOMEGRANATES    

GERMANY IS A MAIN DESTINATION FOR POMEGRANATES    

FIGURE: MAIN IMPORTERS OF FRESH FRUIT INCLUDING POMEGRANATES IN EUROPE, INCLUDING EUROPEAN TRADE    

MOST OF THE IMPORT OF POMEGRANATES GOES THROUGH THE NETHERLANDS    

FIGURE: MAIN EUROPEAN EXPORTERS OF FRESH FRUIT INCLUDINGPOMEGRANATES INCLUDING EUROPEAN TRADE IN 1,000 TONNES    

SPAIN COMPETES FROM OCTOBER TO JANUARY    

TABLE: AREA AND PRODUCTION OF MAJOR POMEGRANATE GROWING STATES IN INDIA DURING 2012-13 TO 2014-15    

TABLE: EXPORT OF POMEGRANATE FROM INDIA (2006-07 TO 2013-14)    

TABLE: TRANSITIONAL PROBABILITY MATRIX OF POMEGRANATE EXPORT FROM INDIA DURING 2006 TO 2015    

TABLE: ACTUAL AND PREDICTED VALUES POMEGRANATE EXPORT TO DIFERENT COUNTRIES FROM INDIA (IN LAKH RUPEES)    

POMEGRANATE PLANT CULTIVATION IN INDIA    

PROMISING CULTIVARS OF POMEGRANATE    

GANESH:    

KANDHARI:    

NABHA:    

ASSAM LOCAL:    

JYOTHI:    

P.A.U SELECTION:    

MRIDULA:    

BASSE-IN-SEEDLESS:    

RUBY:    

FERTIRRIGATION OF POMEGRANATE    

CULTIVATION METHOD OF POMEGRANATE    

LAND PREPARATION    

PLANTING    

PLANTING MATERIAL    

PLANTING SEASON    

SPACING    

PLANTING METHOD    

NUTRITION    

IRRIGATION    

DRIP IRRIGATION    

TRAINING    

PRUNING    

INTER-CROPPING    

REGULATION OF BEARING    

PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES    

INSECT PESTS    

DISORDERS    

HARVESTING AND YIELD    

PROPAGATION IN POMEGRANATE FARMING    

PREPARATION OF LAND FOR POMEGRANATE FARMING:    

PLANTING IN POMEGRANATE FARMING:    

PLANTING MATERIAL:    

PLANTING TIME FOR POMEGRANATE FARMING:    

PLANT SPACING IN POMEGRANATE FARMING:    

PLANTING METHOD PREFERRED IN POMEGRANATE FARMING:    

MANURES AND FERTILIZERS IN POMEGRANATE FARMING:    

PESTS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN POMEGRANATE FARMING:    

SOIL AND CLIMATE FOR POMEGRANATE CULTIVATORS    

DETAILS OF CULTIVATIONS FOR POMEGRANATE    

PLANTING    

TRAINING AND PRUNING OF POMEGRANATE PLANTS    

FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT IN POMEGRANATE    

RECOMMENDED FERTILIZERS DOSES    

INTERCROPPING    

BAHAR TREATMENT OR CROP REGULATION    

BAHAR TREATMENT OR FLOWER INITIATION    

IRRIGATION    

WATER REQUIREMENT    

TISSUE CULTURE POMEGRANATE PLANTING    

CLIAMATE:    

PLANTING SEASON:    

LAND PREPARATION AND METHOD OF PLANTATION:    

CROP GEOMETRY:    

SELECTION OF VARIETY:    

BHAGWA/KESHAR:

MRUDULA:    

WATER MANAGEMENT:    

SELECTION OF DRIP SYSTEM FOR JAIN TISSUE CULTURE POMEGRANATE PLANTS:    

IRRIGATION SCHEDULE FOR TISSUE CULTURE POMEGRANATE    

FERTILILZER MANAGEMENT:    

FLOWER AND FRUITS MANAGEMENT    

MRIG BAHAR (JUNE/JULY TREATMENT):    

HASTA BAHAHR (SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER TREATMENT):    

AMBEY BAHAHAR (DECEMBER/FEBRUARY TREATMENT):    

PROPAGATION FOR POMEGRANATE    

PLANTING:    

TRAINING:    

PRUNING:    

CROP REGULATION:    

POLLINATION:    

IRRIGATION:    

INTERCROPPING:    

MANURING AND FERTILIZATION:    

GROWING POMEGRANATES IN GREEN HOUSE    

GRADING AND PACKAGING AND POMEGRANATE    

FRUITS ARE GRADED ON THE BASIS OF FRUIT WEIGHT AND SIZE FOR BIG MARKETS FOLLOWING GRADES ARE FOLLOWED:    

MARKETING:    

PREHARVEST TREATMENTS OF FRUIT    

PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS    

HARVESTING, PACKING AND STORAGE    

POMEGRANATE PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT    

TABLE. INSECT PEST OF POMEGRANATE, DAMAGE CAUSED AND POSSIBLE TREATMENT    

PESTS OF POMEGRANATE AND ITS CONTROL    

1. FRUIT BORER OR POMEGRANATE BUTTERFLY (DEUDORIX ISOCRATES)    

2. THRIPS (RHIPIPHOROTHRIPS CRUENTATUS/SCIRTOTHRIPS DORSALIS)    

3. APHID (APHIS PUNICAE)    

4. MITES (ACERIA GRANATI/OLIGONYCHUS PUNICAE/TENUIPALUS PUNICAE)    

5. WHITEFLY (SIPHONINUS PHILLYREAE)    

6. MEALY BUGS (PLANOCOCCUS SP., FERISSIA SP.)    

7. BARK EATING CATERPILLAR (INDARABEAL TETRAONIS, I. QUADRINOTATA)    

8. STEM BORER (COELOSTERNA SPINATOR)    

9. SHOTHOLE BORER (XYLEBORUS FORNICATES/X. PERFORANS)    

10. LEAF EATING CATERPILLAR (ACHAEA JANATA)    

11. FRUIT SUCKING MOTHS (OTHREIS ANCILLA, O.CAJECTA, O.FULLONICA, O.MATERNA, ACHAEA JANATA)    

12. TERMITES (WHITE ANTS) (ODONYOTERMIS OBESUS)    

13. NEMATODES (EUDOCIMA FULLONIA, E. MATERNAL, E. HOMAENA, E. CAJETA)    

DISEASES OF POMEGRANATE AND ITS CONTROL    

1. BACTERIAL BLIGHT (XANTHOMONAS AXONOPODIS PV. PUNICAE)    

ADOPT THE FOLLOWING SPRAY SCHEDULE    

2. LEAF AND FRUIT SPOTS    

COLLETOTRICHUM AND SPHACELOMA SPOTS    

CERCOSPORA SPOTS    

ALTERNARIA SPOTS    

DRECHSLERA SPOTS    

3. WILT COMPLEX (CERATOCYSTIS FIMBRIATA, FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM, RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI AND NEMATODES)    

4. PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT (PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE)    

5. FRUIT ROT (CERCOSPORA PUNICAE/COLLETOTRICHUM LOEOSPORIOIDES)

FRUIT DISORDERS    

1. FRUIT CRACKING    

2. SUN SCALD    

3. INTERNAL BREAK DOWN OF ARILS    

SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS    

SUPPLIERS OF EQUIPMENT'S    

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)