potato and potato processing technology (hand book)
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POTATO AND POTATO PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
ORIGIN
DESCRIPTION OF PLANT AND FLOWER PARTS
- Cytology
- Ploidy
- Breeding
- Introduction and Germplasm Collection
- Selection
- Clonal selection
- Method of Clonal Selection
- Merits of clonal selection
- Demerits of clonal selection
- Demerits of clonal selection
- Hybridization
- Size of Breeding Population
- Heterosis in Potato
- Mutation
- Plant Ideotype
NUTRITIVE VALUE
- Energy Value
- Carbohydrates
- Protein
- Fat
- Dietary Fibre
- Vitamins
- Minerals
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Germination/Sprouting of Tubers
- Root, Haulms and Sprout Growth
- Dry Matter Production
- Dry Matter Partitioning
- Tuber Initiation and Growth
- Growth Parameters
- Bud Dormancy of Potato Tubers
- Compounds Bud Dormancy
- hloroethanol (CICH2CH2OH)
- Thiourea (NH2CSNH2)
- Gibberellings
- Breaking of Dormancy Through Gene Activation
- Factors Affecting Growth and Development
- Environmental Factors
- Light
- Temperature
- Heat Stress
- Frost
- Mechanism of Freezing
- Cold Stress
- Frost Tolerance
- CO2 supply
- Water Availability
- Water Stress
- Soil
- Nutrient Availability
- Role of Growth Regulators
- Effect of Promoters
- Gibberellins
- Kinins
- Effect of the Inhibitors
- Cycocel(CCC) and B-Nine(B9)
- Abscisic Acid
- Morphactins
AGRO TECHNIQUES
- Climate
- Temperature
- Light
- CO2
- Soil and Soil Preparation
- Planting
- Planting time
- Early Crop
- Spring Crop
- Planting Time for Hill Crop
- Planting Time for Plateau Region Kharif crop
- Rabi crop
- Planting time
- Methods of Planting
- Planting Vis-A-Vis Row Orientation
- Depth of Planting
- Planting Spacing in Relation to seed Size
- Seed Rate
- Whole Tuber
- Cut Potato Tubers
- Seed Dormancy
- Methods of breaking dormancy
- Single Treatment with Thiourea
- Double Treatment
- Triple treatment
- Treatment of Non-dormant Potato seed
- Interculture Operations
- Harvesting and Yield
- Potato Cultivation Under Specific Situations
- Cropping System
MANAGEMENT OF NUTRIENTS
- Nitrogen
- Agro Climatic Zone Wise Recommendation of Nitrogen
- Factors Affecting Nitrogen Response of Potato
- Methods of Application
- Foliar application of Urea
- Phosphorus
- Soaking of seed tubers
- Phosphorus Needs of Potato Crop (Zone Wise)
- Potash
- Potassium needs of Potato Crop (Zone Wise) Response of NPK
- Method and Time of Fertilizer Application
- Organic Manuring
- Micro Nutrients
- Diagnosis of Micro Nutrient Deficiencies of Soils and Plants
- Deficiency Symptoms of Micro Nutrient
- Plant Analysis
- Soil Analysis
- Factors Affecting Response of Potato to Micro Nutrients
- Application of Micro nutrients
MANAGEMENT OF WATER
WEED MANAGEMENT
- Methods of Weed Management
- Non Chemical Methods
- Chemical Methods
- Efficient use of herbicides
- Calibration
- Calculation of herbicides for application
- Integrated Weed Management
- Effect of Herbicides on Quality of Potato
SEED PRODUCTION
- Seed Potatoes
- Seed Plot Technique
- Planting
- Impact of the technique
- True Potato Seed (Botanical seed)
- Production of hybrid TPS
- Hybridization
- Seed extraction and storage
- Crop production through TPS
- Nursery
- Channel
- Development of Virus free seed of Potato and Testing for Viruses
- Maintenance of virus tested foundations
- Potato Biotechnology
- Elimination of pathogen through meristerm culture
- Potato meristem culture
- Establishment of in vitro cultures
- Steps involved in potato meristem culture
- Meristem Tip culture
- Micro propagation of mericlones
- Micro tubuer production
- Production of micro tubers
- Production of normal tubers
- Synthetic (artificial) seed
- Seed Certification
- The aspects taken into consideration for inspecting the crop they are
HANDLING OF POST HARVEST POTATO
- Significance
- Post Harvest Losses
- Enhancement of Shelf Life of Potato Tuber
- Avoid Mechanical Tuber Damage Including Internal Bruising
- Sorting and Grading of Tubers
- Wound Healing and Curing
- Dormancy
- Storage Temperature
- Treatment of Tubers Against Diseases and Insect
- Use of Growth Regulators Against Sprouting
- Regulation of Sprouting in Stored Potato
- Pre Harvest Application for Sprout Suppression
- Post Harvest Application for Sprout Suppressions
- Mode of Application
- Storage
- Controlled and Modified Atmosphere Storage of Potato
- Other Storage Methods of Potato
- Improvised Country Storage
- Viability of Stored Potato Seed
- Gamma Irradiation
- Change in Composition During Storage
- Percentage Dry Matter
- Carbohydrates
- Phenolic Compounds
- Glycoalkaloids
- Vitamins
- Processing
- Morphological characters
- Chemical composition
- Dry matter
- Reducing sugar content
- Varieties for processing
- Practical Aspect of Potato Processing
- Popular Potato Products
- Potato Flakes and Granules
- Potato Dice
- Potato Chips
- French Fries
- Canned Potatoes
PROSPECTS FOR POTATO EXPORTS
- Scenario of potato exports from India
- Future prospects for potato exports from India
- SWOT analysis for potato exports
QUALITY PARAMETERS THAT INFLUENCE EXPORT QUALITY OF POTATOES
- Potato varieties
- Tuber shape
- Tuber size
- Tuber skin colour
- Chemical composition
- Diseases
- Pest
- Physiological disorders
- Storability of potatoes
- Recommended Pre-Harvest
- Practices for Potatoes
- Soil characteristics and soil management
AREAS SUITABLE FOR PRODUCING SEED POTATOES
AREAS SUITABLE FOR PRODUCING PROCESSING POTATOES
GRADING OF POTATOES
PACKING OF POTATOES
POTATO STORAGE
- Refrigerated storage of potatoes
- Storage of potatoes at 10-12 DoC
QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
- For ware potatoes
- For processing potatoes
- Morphological characters
- Dry matter content
- Reducing sugars content
POTATO PROCESSING
- Important considerations in Potato Processing
- (A) Specific gravity and dry matter content
- (B) Sugar content
- (C) Discolouration
- (i) Enzymatic discolouration
- (ii) After cooking discolouration
- (ACD)
- (iii) Discolouration of fried products and dehydrated potatoes
- (D) Peeling Potatoes for Processing
- (1) Potato chips/wafers
- (i) Slicing
- (ii) Drying
- (iii) Frying
- (iv) Salting and addition of flavouring materials
- (v) Packaging and storage
- (2) French Fries (Frozen Potato Chips)
- (3) Potato Drying/Dehydration
- (i) Sun Drying
- (ii) Solar Drying
- Solar dehydration of partially cooked potatoes
- (iii) Dehydrated Diced Potatoes
- -Flow Sheet for Processing of Dehydrated Diced Potatoes
- (4) Potato Flour
- (5) Canned Potatoes
- Flow Sheet for Processing of Canned Potatoes
DEHYDRATION OF VEGETABLES
- Dehydration of Various Vegetables
- Asparagus
- Beans, Baked
- Beans, Greek
- Beans, Lima
- Beets
- Broccoli
- Brussels Sprouts
- Cabbage
- Carrots
- Cauliflower
- Celery
- Corn, Sweet
- Garlic
- Greens
- Mushrooms
- Onions
- Peas
- Peppers and Pimientos
- Potatoes (Lrish or White)
- Potato Granules
- Potato Flakes
- White Potato Flour
- Sauerkraut
- Sweet Potatoes
- Tomatoes
POTATO BASED TEXTURED SNACKS
- Raw Materials
- Potato Flakes
- Methods of Manufacture
- Forming and Frying of Wet Dough
- High shear Dry Extrusion
- Low shear Pellet Extrusion
- Potato Chip Manufacture
- Similar Products Using a Basis Other Than Potatoes
POTATO CHIPS/WAFFERS
- Steps in the Process of Manufacture Employed as Follows
- Process of Manufacture
- Details of Machinery
- Operation
- Plant Economics
- Land & Building
- Plant & Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
POTATO CHIPS (AUTOMATIC PLANT) WITH IMPORTED MACHINERY
- Packaging Requirements for Fried Potato Chips
- Physico chemical Changes during storage
- Transparent and Opaque Package
- Packaging Materials
- Packaging and Storage studies
- Manufacturing Process
- Treating with chemicals
- Chip Frying
- Batch Frying method
- Method of Batch processing
- Packaging
- Woring of Imported continuous Potato Producing Unit
- Imported Plant & Machinery
- Optional Equipment Available
- Packaging Section
- Investment
- Potato Chips (Imported Plant)
PACKAGING OF SNACK FOODS
- Introduction
- The Product Group
- Packaging Materials for Snack Foods
- Packaging Systems
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