Detailed Project Report on processing unit of large cardamom

PROCESSING UNIT OF LARGE CARDAMOM
[CODE NO. 2039]

Large Cardamom :-

It is botanically classified as in Ammonium Linn.

Ammonium Linn :-

A   large genus  of  rhizomatic  herbs,  3-12'   high, comprising  100 palaeotropical species, of which 30 are met  with in India and Burma.

The spicy aromatic seeds of some species of ammonium, also called cardamoms,  are  cheaper substitutes  for  true  cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), which they resemble. A. aromaticum and A. subulatum are cultivated in India.

The seeds of A. xanthioides Wall., Malabar or Tavoy cardamom (Burma,  Siam, and the Malay Peninsula), are imported.  They are pale brown, somewhat smaller in size than true cardamom  seeds, and possess a strong but agreeable odour.

HIND. BENG.- Morang elaichi; MAR. - Veldoda :-

A herb, 2-3' high, indigenous to East Bengal and Assam and distributed to surrounding areas. It is cultivated  in  the wetter  districts  of  Bengal  and Assam,  at  the  foot  of  the Himalayas.  The fruits are produced on pendant spikes.  They  are narrowly obovoid (1.5" long) and 3 valved, with numerous seeds in each cell.

The seeds are used as spice and are medicinal.  They yield about 1-1.2 % of oil (sp. gr., 0.92; [a]D - 13o)  containing  a large  quantity  of  cineol.  This oil does  not  possess   the characteristic odour of cardamom.

A. subulatum Greater or NEPAL CARDAMOM

BENG.- Bara elachi (Large cardamom)


This species is cultivated in swampy places along the sides of mountain streams, in Nepal, Bengal, Sikkim and Assam.

The  dark  red-brown  globose  capsules  (1"  long)  contain several  seeds  in each cell, held together by  a  viscid  sugary pulp.  The seeds possess properties similar to those of cardamom for which they are often substituted. They are used  in  the preparation  of  sweetmeats.  In medicine, they are fragrant adjuncts to other stimulants, bitters and purgatives.  Oil extracted from them is applied to eyelids to allay inflammation.
    
Amomum subulatum Roxb (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as large cardamom, is a percennial herbaceous plant with subterranean rhizomes which produces several leafy shoots and panicles. It is a native to Sikkim and from there it  is  spread to neighboring areas like Darjeeling, Assam, Bhutan and Nepal, India is the largest producer of large cardamom with  an annual production of 4000 MT, followed by Nepal (2500 MT) and Bhutan (1000 MT). Sikkim state of India  alone contributes 50% of the world’s production of large cardamom. The fruit is a trilocular many seeded capsule. It contains 1.95 to 3.23% of essential oil having typical characteristic flavor and possesses stimulant, stomachic, alexipharmic and astringent effects. The fruits are prescribed to treat indigestion, vomiting, biliousness, abdominal pains, rectal diseases, throat troubles, congestion of the lungs, inflammation of the eyelids, digestive disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, loss of appetite, gastric troubles, and liver complaints. Due to its pleasant aroma, it has been used as an essential ingredient in mixed spices. The major constituent of large cardamom essential oil is 1,8-cineole  (65-80%) while the content of terpenyl acetate is low (traces to five per cent). The monoterpene hydrocarbon content is in the range of 5-17% of which limonene, sabinene, and the pinen are significant components. The terpineols comprise approximately five to seven per cent of the oil.  The high  cineole and low terpenyl acetate probably account for the  very harsh aroma of this spice in comparison with that of true cardamom.


COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                                                500.00 Kgs./day
Land & Building (1000 Sq.Mtr)                    Rs.1.29  Cr
Plant & Machinery                                          Rs. 38.00 Lacs
W.C. for 1 Month                                             Rs.  1.61 Cr
Total Capital Investment                              Rs.  3.38  Cr
Rate of Return                                               28%
Break Even Point                                           54%

INTRODUCTION                                            
HABITAT AND DESCRIPTION OF LARGE CARDOMOM                    
USES AND APPLICATION                                    
GRADE SPECIATION OF LARGE CARDAMOM                        
PHYTOCONSTITUENTS QUALITY AND PROPERTIES                    
MARKET SURVEY                                            
EXPORT DATA OF BIG CARDAMOM                                
PRODUCTION OF LARGE CARDAMOM IN INDIA                        
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT    
VARIETIES OF LARGE CARDAMOM                                
LARGE CARDAMOM PRODUCTION IN SIKKIM                        
PROCESSING OF LARGE CARDAMOM                            
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM                                    
DETAILS OF PROCESSING OF LARGE CARDAMOM                    
DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE CARDAMOM                    
POSTHARVEST PROCESSING OF LARGE CARDAMOM                    
DRYING METHOD FOR CARDAMOM                            
POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES IN PROCESSING UNIT OF LARGE CARDAMOM                                           
PLANT LAYOUT                                            
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT                                
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS                                    
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT                
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES                        
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY                                                            
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS                                                                     


APPENDIX – A :

 1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS      
 2.      LAND & BUILDING                                      
 3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY                                  
 4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT                             
 5.      RAW MATERIAL                                         
 6.      SALARY AND WAGES                                     
 7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS                              
 8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL                                
 9.      COST OF PRODUCTION                                   
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS                               
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT                                     
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE                           
13.      INTEREST CHART                                       
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART                                   
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT                                   
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET