Detailed Project Report on Rice Mill

RICE MILL

[EIRI/EDPR/4224] J.C.:2392XL 

INTRODUCTION

Rice is a vital food material for more than half of the world’s population, the importance of which as a food crop has been increasing with increase in population.Rice is regarded as a first cultivated crop of Asia. Preserved rice grains were found in China around 3000 B.C. Paddy grains found during excavation at Hastinapur (India) around 1000-750 B.C. considered as an oldest sample in the world.

Rice has been found in archaeological sites dating to 8000 bc, although the date of rice domestication is a matter of continuing debate. Two species of domesticated rice, Oryza sativa (Asian) and Oryza glaberrima (African) are grown globally. Numerous traits separate wild and domesticated rices including changes in: pericarp colour, dormancy, shattering, panicle architecture, tiller number, mating type and number and size of seeds. 

Rice is the world’s largest food crop, providing the caloricneeds of millions of people daily. There are two distincttypes of domesticated rice, Oryza sativa, or Asian riceand Oryza glaberrima, African rice, both of which haveunique domestication histories. In order to examine thevariation selected by humans over our long relationshipwith rice, we must first look at the ancestors of ourmodern cultivars. The genus Oryza contains 21 wild rela-tives of the domesticated rices.The genus is divided into four species complexes: theO. sativa, O. officialis, O. ridelyi and O. granulataspeciescomplexes. All members of the Oryza genus have n ¼12 chromosomes and while interspecific crossing is possible within each complex, it is difficult to recover fertile off-spring from crosses across complexes. 

The O. sativa complex contains two domesticatedspecies: O. sativa and O. glaberrima, and five or six wildspecies: O. rufipogon, O. nivara (also considered to be anecotype of O. rufipogon), O. barthii, O. longistaminata, O.meridionalis and O. glumaepatula, all of which arediploids. Oryza sativa is distributed globally with a highconcentration in Asia, while O. glaberrima is grown in West Africa. Oryza rufipogon can be found throughoutAsia and Oceania. Oryza barthii and O. longistaminataare African species, O. barthii endemic in West Africaand O. longistaminata is found throughout Africa. Oryzameridionalis is native to Australia and O. glumaepatulaisendemic in Central and South America. Given these distributions, it is easy to locate the ancestral pools fromwhich modern rice was extracted. The African cultivarswere domesticated from O. barthii (formally calledO. breviligulata) and O. sativa was domesticatedfrom O. rufipogon. There is still continuing debate overwhether O. rufipogon, the perennial species, O. nivara,the annual species, or possibly both were the direct ancestors of O. sativa.

Origin of Rice

Oryza Sativa, it is believed, is associated with wet, humid climate, though it is not a tropical plant. It is probably a descendent of wild grass that was most likely cultivated in the foothills of the far Eastern Himalayas. Another school of thought believes that the rice plant may have originated in southern India, then spread to the north of the country and then onwards to China. It then arrived in Korea, the Philippines (about 2000 B. C.) and then Japan and Indonesia (about 1000 B. C.). When Alexander the Great invaded India in 327 B. C., it is believed that he took rice back to Greece. Arab travelers took it to Egypt, Morocco and Spain and that is how it travelled all across Europe. Portugal and Netherlands took rice to their colonies in West Africa and then it travelled to America through the ’Columbian Exchange’ of natural resources. But as is traditionally known, rice is a slow starter and this is also true to the fact that it took close to two centuries after the voyages of Columbus for rice to take root in the Americas. Thereafter the journey of rice continues with the Moors taking it to Spain in 700 A. D. and then the Spanish brought rice to South America at the beginning of 17th century.

The journey of rice around the world has been slow, but once it took root it stayed and became a major agriculture and economic product for the people. In the Indian subcontinent more than a quarter of the cultivated land is given to rice. It is a very essential part of the daily meal in the southern and eastern parts of India. In the northern and central parts of the subcontinent, where wheat is frequently eaten, rice holds its own and is cooked daily as well as on festivals and special occasions.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            48 Ton/Day

Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 3.38 Cr

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 2.01 Cr

Working Capital for 1 Month    Rs. 6.38 Cr

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 12.63 Cr

Rate of Return                          58%

Break Even Point                      28%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

ORIGIN OF RICE

AREA UNDER MAJOR CROPS FROM 1950-51 ONWARDS (IN MILLION HECTARES)

PRODUCTION OF MAJOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS

PLANT LOCATION - BHUBANESWAR

MODERN BHUBANESWAR

CLIMATE

METEOROLOGICAL CENTRE, BHUBANESWAR

TRANSPORTATION

ADVANTAGE OF RICE

NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF RICE

NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CEREALS PER 100 GRAMS

MEDICINAL VALUE:

HISTORY OF RICE

RICE GROWING REGION IN INDIA

NORTH-EASTERN REGION:

NORTHERN REGION:

WESTERN REGION:

SOUTHERN REGION:

THE TOP 10 INDIAN STATES ARE:

1. WEST BENGAL

2. UTTAR PRADESH

3. PUNJAB

FOLLOWING ARE THE STATES WITH THE RICE PRODUCTION (IN MILLION TONNES) AND AREA UNDER RICE CULTIVATION (IN MILLION HECTARES):

SCIENTIFIC NAME & BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

SCIENTIFIC NAME

HABIT AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF RICE

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

THE INDICA TYPE FROM TROPICAL ASIA IS USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY:

THE JAPONICA TYPE, FROM TEMPERATE & SUBTROPICAL ASIA, IS CHARACTERIZED BY: STRUCTURE OF THE PLANT

THE PLANT COMPRISES VEGETATIVE ORGANS:

VEGETATIVE ORGANS

ROOTS:

STEMS:

LEAVES:

REPRODUCTIVE (FLOWER) ORGANS

PANICLES:

FLOWERS:

GRAIN OR PADDY: THE RICE GRAIN IS COMPOSED OF THREE MAIN PARTS:

TYPES OF RICE

HULL –

BRAN –

WHITE RICE –

GERM –

LENGTH AND SHAPE

LONG GRAIN RICE –

MEDIUM GRAIN RICE –

SHORT GRAIN RICE –

TEXTURE

STICKY RICE –

PARBOILED RICE –

COLOR

POLISHED RICE –

BROWN RICE –

FORBIDDEN RICE –

WILD RICE –

AROMA

BASMATI RICE –

JASMINE RICE –

DIFFERENT TYPES OF RICE AND THEIR USES

ARBORIO

BASMATI

BROWN

JASMINE

WHITE

MARKET POSITION

INDIA RICE MARKET ANALYSIS

ENHANCING PRODUCTION CAPACITIES

GLOBAL RICE MARKET SEGMENTATION:

SEGMENTATION BY RICE LENGTH:

SEGMENTATION BY TYPE:

SEGMENTATION BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL:

SEGMENTATION BY REGION:

SOME OF THE KEY PLAYERS IN RICE INDUSTRY ARE:

GLOBAL RICE MARKET ANALYSIS

PRODUCTION ANALYSIS IN THE UNITED STATES

INDIA IS THE LARGEST EXPORTER OF RICE

OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIAN BASMATI RICE EXPORTS

GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF RICE HAS SHOWN CONSTANT INCREASE

OUT OF THE TOTAL RICE CONSUMPTION, GLOBAL BASMATI RICE CONSUMPTION IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE BY 5.7%

WHAT WOULD DRIVE BASMATI EXPORTS IN 2020

RISING DISPOSABLE INCOME IS BENEFITING THE BASMATI RICE MARKET

EXPORT POLICY:

LIST OF MACHINERY

DETAILS OF 6 TPH RAW RICE PLANT:

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

RICE MILLING SYSTEMS

VILLAGE RICE MILLS:

COMMERCIAL RICE MILLS:

MILLING PROCESS

RICE MILLING PROCESS STEP1: CLEANING

CLEANING MACHINERY

PRE CLEANER:

CLASSIFIER:

DE STONER:

RICE MILLING PROCESS

STEP2: DE HUSKING OR DE HULLING

DE-HUSKING / HULLING MACHINERY

PNEUMATIC SHELLER

TRAY SEPARATOR

HUSK SEPARATOR

RICE MILLING PROCESS:

STEP 3: WHITENING OR POLISHING

RICE MILLING PROCESS:

STEP 4: GRADING

GRADING MACHINERY

ROTARY SIFTER:

LENGTH GRADER:

THICKNESS GRADER:

RICE MILLING PROCESS:

STEP 5: COLOR SORTING

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT

STORAGE LAYOUT:

EQUIPMENT LAYOUT:

SAFETY:

PLANT EXPANSION:

FLOOR SPACE:

UTILITIES SERVICING:

BUILDING:

MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT:

RAILROADS AND ROADS:

MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:

PLANT LOCATION FACTORS

PRIMARY FACTORS

1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:

2. MARKETS:

3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:

4. WATER SUPPLY:

5. CLIMATE:

SPECIFIC FACTORS

6. TRANSPORTATION:

A. AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SERVICES AND PROJECTED RATES

7. WASTE DISPOSAL:

8. LABOR:

9. REGULATORY LAWS:

10. TAXES:

11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:

12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:

13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:

14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:

EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT

1. DEPRECIATION:

2. FIXED ASSETS:

3. WORKING CAPITAL:

4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:

5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:

6. MARGIN MONEY:

7. TOTAL LOAD:

8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT HANDLING

PROJECT SCHEDULING

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

TIME SCHEDULE

MACHINERY SUPPLIERS

RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS

MACHINERY PHOTOGRAPHS

6 TON RICE MILL PLANT

AIR COMPRESSOR

AUTOMATIC PACKING MACHINE

COLOR SORTER

FABRICATION & ERECTION

PADDY CLEANER

PLC PANEL

RAW MATERIALPHOTOGRAPHS

PRODUCT PHOTOGRAPHS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)