Detailed Project Report on vinyl acetate monomar (v.a.m)

VINYL ACETATE MONOMER (V.A.M)
[CODE NO. 3035]

Vinyl acetate is a colorless, flammable liquid that also has a characteristic smell that can quickly become irritating. This monomer is used principally in the production of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and other vinyl acetate co-polymers. Polyvinyl acetate is a precursor of polyvinilyc alcohol and polyvinyl acetate resins (PVA). Vinyl acetate is also copolymerized as a minor raw material for vinyl chloride and ethylene to form commercial polymers and acrylic fibers.

Vinyl acetate is completely soluble in organic liquids but not in water. At 20º C a saturated solution of the monomer in water can contain between 2-2.4% of vinyl acetate, while a saturated water solution in vinyl acetate contains 1% of water. At 50ºC the solubility of the monomer in water increases in 0.1% in regards to 20ºC, while the solubility of water in vinyl acetate doubles at 50ºC.

The most important reaction of vinyl acetate is the polymerization by free radicals which is fast and exothermic. Due to the fact that the vinyl acetate is an Esther, it presents the reactive properties of said group. Keeping in mind that the corresponding chain of alcohols is unsaturated, the compound presents some differences in regards to the Esther group. The speed of hydrolysis of the vinyl acetate is 1,000 times greater than its saturated analogous in a alkaline medium, and it was researched that its speed of hydrolysis is significantly lower at a p.H. of 4.4.

The first available process for the synthesis of vinyl acetate was the acetoxilation of acetylene in gaseous form over a zinc acetate catalyst supported on carbon. This process consisted in the reaction of acetylene with acetic anhydride in a catalyzed medium and high temperature to form dietilene diacetate. This product passed through a cracking tower which in result gave as products acetic acid and vinyl acetate. 2 This type of reaction had a high production percentage (92-98%), but due to the increasing value of acetylene, new technologies and methodologies needed to be research in the 60's.

The process was modified until acetoxilation in a gaseous phase of ethylene over palladium and gold catalyst supported on silica gel was capable. The catalyst used potassium acetate to help the reaction in a temperature range of 423 ñ 463 K and a pressure range of 600 to 1,000 kPa. This is how ethylene acetoxilation with oxygen, acetic acid and Pd as a catalyst was developed. This process consists of two parts: a process in a homogeneous liquid phase that is used to produce 25% of the production of vinyl acetate, and another heterogeneous gaseous phase process used to produce the last 75% of the product.


COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                                            50.00 MT./day
Land & Building (32000 Sq.Mtr)                 Rs. 14.94    Cr
Plant & Machinery                                      Rs. 50.00   Cr
W.C. for 2 Months                                      Rs.  9.83    Cr
Total Capital Investment                             Rs.  80.12  Cr
Rate of Return                                           30%
Break Even Point                                       52%


INTRODUCTION    
PROPERTIES    
VINYL ACATATE MONOMAR    
USES & APPLICATIONS    
MARKET SURVEY    
GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF VINYL ACETATE MONOMER    
GLOBAL IMPORT DATA OF VINYL ACETATE MONOMER    
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF VAM    
RAW MATERIAL    
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF VINYL ACETATE MONOMER    
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF VAM FROM ACETYLENE AND ACETIC ACID    
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR VINYL ACETATE MONOMER (V.A.M.)    
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF VINYL ACETATE MONOMER USING
  ETHYLENE, ACETIC ACID AND OXYGEN    
PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF VINYL ACETATE MONOMER PROCESS    
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT    
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS    50
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT    
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES    
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY    
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS    

APPENDIX – A :

 1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS      
 2.      LAND & BUILDING                                      
 3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY                                  
 4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT                             
 5.      RAW MATERIAL                                         
 6.      SALARY AND WAGES                                     
 7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS                              
 8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL                                
 9.      COST OF PRODUCTION                                   
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS                               
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT                                     
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE                           
13.      INTEREST CHART                                       
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART                                   
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT