Industry Overview
Azodicarbonamide (ADC), also known as azobisformamide or azobisformide, is a synthetic organic chemical widely used as a blowing or foaming agent in plastics, rubber, and other cellular materials. With a molecular weight of 116 and the chemical formula H4N4C2O2, ADC decomposes at elevated temperature and releases gas, primarily nitrogen, making it suitable for producing lightweight and cellular products.
Azodicarbonamide is used across packaging materials, construction and thermal insulation materials, UPVC pipes, EVA products, PVC artificial leather, footwear soles, wallpaper, carpet pads, and polyolefins used in telephone cables and electrical wires. It is particularly important in the manufacture of PVC and EVA foamed products, including footwear, floor coverings, gaskets, wire and cable jackets, molded products, and other cellular materials.
The report also covers the use of ADC as a dough conditioner and whitening agent, including FCC-grade applications for flour. Technical and FCC grades are identified for different end uses, while formulations vary according to the polymer, processing temperature, and application requirements. The project report covers manufacturing processes, including hydrazodicarbonamide (HDC) as an intermediate, process flow, plant layout, utilities, equipment, safety, raw materials, plant location considerations, and project economics.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 20 Tons/Day |
| Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 2.63 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 1.85 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 7.75 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 12.45 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 46% |
| Break Even Point | 37% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- SAFETY
- SPECIFICATION
- APPLICATION
- CHEMICAL FOAMING PROCESS
- PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL FOAMING
- CHEMICAL BLOWING AGENTS-NATURE & OPERATION
- USES AND APPLICATION OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
- DOUGH CONDITIONER
- WHITENING AGENT
- HOW DOES ADA WORK?
- BLOWING AGENT
- PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- HEADQUARTERS
- REGIONAL OFFICES
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
- CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSAY OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
- SYNONYMS
- DEFINITION
- CHEMICAL FORMULA
- STRUCTURAL FORMULA
- DESCRIPTION
- FUNCTIONAL USES
- CHARACTERISTICS
- PURITY
- DERIVATION OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
- SPECIFICATION
- PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
- PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF HDC (HYDRAZODICARBONAMIDE) HDC (ADC INTERMEDIATE)
- PROCESS STAGE:
- H N NUTRALIZATION
- UREA SOLUTION
- PROCESS
- HDC WASHING
- PROCESS FLOW SHEET DIAGRAM
- OTHER PROCESS OF AZODICARBONAMIDE
- PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
- STORAGE LAYOUT
- EQUIPMENT LAYOUT
- SAFETY
- PLANT EXPANSION
- FLOOR SPACE
- UTILITIES SERVICING
- BUILDING
- MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT
- RAILROADS AND ROADS
- PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
- PRIMARY FACTORS
- 1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
- 2. MARKETS:
- 3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
- 4. WATER SUPPLY:
- 5. CLIMATE:
- 6. TRANSPORTATION:
- 7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
- 8. LABOR:
- 9. REGULATORY LAWS:
- 10. TAXES:
- 11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
- 12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
- 13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
- 14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
- EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
- DEPRECIATION
- FIXED ASSETS
- WORKING CAPITAL
- BREAK-EVEN POINT
- OTHER FIXED EXPENSES
- MARGIN MONEY
- TERM LOANS
- TOTAL LOAD
- LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO
- ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS
- CHLORINE GAS
- UREA
- HYDRAZINE
- PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
- MIXING TANKS
- FILTERATION EQUIPMENTS
- GRINDERS
- LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENTS
- POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Azodicarbonamide is primarily used as a chemical blowing or foaming agent for plastics, rubber, and cellular materials. It releases gas during thermal decomposition, helping create lightweight and foamed structures. Its applications include PVC and EVA products, packaging materials, construction and insulation materials, artificial leather, footwear soles, wallpaper, carpet pads, and polyolefin products such as wire and cable applications. The report also describes its use in food-related applications as a dough conditioner and whitening agent in appropriate grades.
Azodicarbonamide is used as a blowing agent because its thermal decomposition produces a substantial volume of gas that can form cellular structures in suitable polymers and rubbers. The gas generation helps reduce product density and create controlled foamed materials. Its effectiveness makes it useful in applications involving PVC, EVA, polyolefins, and other plastics. The final formulation is selected according to the polymer, processing temperature, desired cell structure, and performance requirements of the finished product.
Azodicarbonamide can be used in the production of a wide range of foamed and cellular products. These include PVC foam fabrics, floor coverings, low-density open-cell foam, extruded low-density gaskets, wire and cable jackets, molded products, PVC profiles, footwear soles, EVA products, packaging materials, and insulation materials. Its use in a particular product depends on the formulation and processing conditions. The report also discusses applications in PVC and EVA footwear, including molded soles and other footwear components.
The report identifies Technical and F.C.C. varieties of azodicarbonamide for different applications. Technical-grade material is associated with formulations used in plastics and rubber as blowing agents for cellular and foamed products. F.C.C. grade is described in connection with food applications such as flour treatment. Commercial formulations can differ according to the plastic or rubber system, processing temperature, end-use requirements, and other formulation considerations. Appropriate grade selection is therefore important for achieving the required processing and product characteristics.
Azodicarbonamide manufacturing involves chemical processing stages that include preparation of hydrazodicarbonamide (HDC), identified in the report as an ADC intermediate, followed by subsequent processing to obtain azodicarbonamide. The report covers HDC neutralization, urea solution, HDC washing, process stages, and the process flow sheet. It also discusses an alternative process for azodicarbonamide. Actual process design requires appropriate control of reaction conditions, material handling, filtration, washing, drying or finishing operations, quality control, and safety measures.
Setting up an azodicarbonamide manufacturing plant requires consideration of raw-material availability, market access, utilities, transportation, waste disposal, labor, regulatory requirements, site characteristics, and safety. The report also addresses plant layout, storage layout, equipment layout, floor space, material-handling equipment, buildings, roads, utilities servicing, and plant expansion. Because the process involves chemical reactions and gas-generating materials, appropriate process safety, pollution control, storage practices, equipment selection, and emergency measures are also important during plant design and operation.
An azodicarbonamide project report can cover product characteristics, specifications, applications, manufacturing technology, process flow, plant layout, equipment, utilities, safety, raw materials, location factors, and project economics. This report additionally includes information on HDC as an ADC intermediate, process stages, suppliers of raw materials and plant equipment, and explanations of financial and technical terms. Its appendix covers plant economics, fixed capital, working capital, production costs, turnover, financing resources, depreciation, profit analysis, and projected balance sheets.
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