Industry Overview
Bromine is a deep red, fuming liquid and the only non-metallic element that is liquid at normal temperature. It belongs to Group VII of the periodic table and occurs naturally in the combined state as bromides, particularly in seawater, brines, salt lakes, saline deposits, and bitterns remaining after salt crystallization. Commercial bromine production has traditionally relied on saline mother liquors and later expanded to seawater and other concentrated brine sources.
Bromine was discovered in the early 19th century and initially gained importance through bromide applications in medicine. Its industrial significance increased substantially with the development of photographic processes using silver bromide. Bromine is also widely used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries, including flame retardants, pesticides, reactive intermediates, and pharmaceutical ingredients.
Industrial recovery commonly involves oxidation of bromide using chlorine, followed by separation, purification, and drying. Bromine recovery from industrial streams can also be economically viable because bromination reactions may generate hydrogen bromide and dissolved bromides as by-products. The report identifies seawater, brines, bitterns, and natural potassium salt deposits as important sources and discusses both hot steaming-out and cold air-blowing recovery processes.
Because bromine is highly corrosive and toxic, bromine plants require corrosion- and diffusion-resistant construction materials, secure containment, appropriate pressure and flange-tightness provisions, and bromine scrubbers in vent systems.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 6 MT/Day |
| Land & Building (8000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 4.04 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 3.50 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 2.59 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 10.45 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 44% |
| Break Even Point | 50% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- USES, SOURCE AND SAFETY OF BROMINE
- USE OF BROMINE
- SOURCES OF BROMINE
- SAFETY FIRST
- ORIGIN OF BROMINE
- PROPERTIES
- USES & APPLICATION
- SOURCES OF BROMINE
- SOURCES OF BROMINE
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF BROMINE
- MAJOR BROMINE MANUFACTURING COUNTRIES
- INCREASING DEMAND FOR FLAME RETARDANTS
- CHINA TO DOMINATE THE ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET
- MAJOR PLAYERS
- RAW MATERIAL SECTION
- MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION FOR CHLORINE HANDLING:-
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
- SCOPE:-
- REQUIREMENTS:-
- TABLE - 1: REQUIREMENTS FOR BROMINE, TECHNICAL
- PACKING & MARKETING:-
- PACKING:-
- MARKING:-
- SAMPLING:-
- ANALYSIS OF BROMINE, TECHNICAL
- DETERMINATION OF BROMINE:-
- PROCEDURE:-
- DETERMINATION OF CHLORINE:-
- PROCEDURE:-
- DETERMINATION OF NON-VOLATILE MATTER:-
- TEST FOR IODINE:-
- ZINC DUST:-
- TEST FOR SULPHATES:-
- PROCEDURE:-
- SAMPLING OF BROMINE, TECHNICAL
- NUMBER OF CONTAINERS TO BE DRAWN FOR SAMPLING
- LOCATION OF THE PLANT
- HEALTH & SAFETY FACTORS
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF BROMINE
- BROMINE GENERATION
- BROMINE SEPARATION
- PURIFICAION AND DRYING
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- BROMINE RECOVERY PLANT
- BROMINE CAN BE RECOVERED FROM TWO SOURCES
- A) STEAMING OUT PROCESS (HOT PROCESS)
- B) AIR BLOWING PROCESS (COLD PROCESS)
- BROMINE PROCESSES
- PRODUCTION OF BROMINE
- PROCESSING DETAILS OF BROMINE RECOVERY
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF BROMINE
- THE BROMINE-GENERATING STEP
- RESIDUAL ORGANIC MATTER FOUND IN DEAD SEA WATER
- SIDE-REACTIONS OCCURRING IN THE REACTION TOWER
- BROMINE SEPARATION STEPS
- 1. CONDENSATION
- 2. SEPARATION
- 3. PURIFICATION
- MANUFACTURE OF LIQUID BROMINE
- PROCESS
- THE FOUR PRINCIPAL STEPS IN BROMINE PRODUCTION ARE
- STEAMING OUT PROCESS:-
- DOW PROCESS:-
- CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL OF BROMINE PLANT
- SAFE HANDLING OF BROMINE LEAKAGE
- SAFE STORAGE OF BROMINE
- STORAGE AND TRANSPORTTATION HAZARDS OF BROMINE
- HAZARDS OF BROMINE
- • A CORROSIVE SUBSTANCE:
- • TOXIC:
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- SUPPLIERS OF HEAT EXCHANGER
- SUPPLIERS OF CONDENSER
- SUPPLIERS OF DISTILLATION COLUMN
- SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE VESSEL (STORAGE TANKS)
- SUPPLIERS OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF D.G. SETS
- SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS
- SUPPLIERS OF EFFULENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP PLANT)
- SUPPLIERS OF INSTRUMENTATION & PROCESS CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- GOVT. LICENSE DETAILS FOR LIQUID BROMINE PLANT
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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