cold storage unit (fruits & vegetables)
[CODE NO.3909]
Introduction of Cold storage / Cold room facility will help them in removing the risk of distress sale and simultaneously will ensure better returns. The annual production of fruits and vegetables in the country accounts for 18 to 20% of our agriculture output. Varied agro climatic conditions and better availability of scientific package of practices, there is a vast scope for increasing the production. The lack of cold storage / cold room facilities is one of the main bottlenecks in tapping the potential.
India is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world scenario but the availability of fruits and vegetables per capita is significantly low because of Post Harvest loses which account for about 25% to 30% of production. Further, the quality of sizeable quantity of produces also deteriorates the moment it reaches the consumer. This happens because of perishable nature of the products. If consumption is not getting stabilized, the farmers switch over to other crops instead of going for one crop in the subsequent year, and cycle continues. Our farmers continue to remain poor even though they take risk to cultivate high value fruits and vegetables year after year.
Cold Storage is a special kind of room, the temperature of, which is kept very low with the help of machines and precision instruments. India is having a unique geographical position and a wide range of soil thus producing variety of fruits and vegetables like apples, grapes, oranges, potatoes, chillies, ginger, etc. Marine products are also being produced in large quantities due to large coastal areas.
The cold storages, which are available in the State, are mostly to store single commodity like potato, which results in poor capacity utilization. Introduction of cold storage/cold chain facilities in the State can prove to be a boon for the horticulture farmers.
Cold Storage Type - these type of cold stores are meant for storing different types fresh fruits and vegetables and other horticulture products which require pre-cooling or rapid room cooling to seven-eighth-cooling in a short time period of 4 hours to 24 hours depending on requirements in order to preserve there freshness, quality and self-life. The 7/8 cooling time is the time needed for the product temperature to drop by seven eighth of the difference between the initial product temperature at the time of loading and the temperature ofthe cooling air circulating in the cold rooms. In case of room cooling the fresh produce can be cooled and storedin the same room without the need of transfer but it requires that the rooms are properly designed with adequate refrigeration, air circulation and most importantly proper stacking and storage arrangement. How ever for much faster method of pre-cooling, in case the field heat is required to be removed from the fresh produce within 4 to 6 hours, forced-air cooling is adaptable to a wide range of commodity.
This allows the cold air to be in direct contract with the warm produce by moving it through the produce rather than around the containers. Multi commodity cold stores are provided with multiple chambers enabling them to store a wide range of fresh horticulture products together with respect to the restore compability requirements for temperature, relative humidity, and atmosphere, protection from odour and sensitivity to other gases like ethylene. The refrigeration system is designed to adjust and operate to a range of temperature and humidity conditions, depending on the compatibility group for storage of fruits and vegetables Efficiency and performance in such cold stores is linked to appropriate storage systems which greatly optimize space, allows uniform air circulation through the produce and meets the fundamental requirements of stock rotation which is time sensitive due to limited shelf life. This becomes more important for the cold stores being set up for the retail trade, export and food processing industry.
All fruits and vegetables require specialized post harvest treatment, appropriate temperature and relative humidity for their storage. Establishment of cold storage provides refrigerated storage and preservation facilities for several fruit & vegetables. Because of technology advancements and logistic strategies, the cold storage of perishable items has become an important stage in the distribution between manufacturers/processors and retail locations. The cold storage will ensure the increased availability and improved quality of high value perishable fruits and vegetables for both export and local sale, which would otherwise perish or deteriorate.
Cold storage is the one widely practiced method for bulk handling of the perishables between production and marketing processing. It is one of the methods of preserving perishable commodities in fresh and wholesome state for a longer period by controlling temperature and humidity within the storage system. Maintaining adequately low temperature is critical, as otherwise it will cause chilling injury to the produce. Also, relative humidity of the storeroom should be kept as high as 85-90 per cent for most of the perishables, below which has detrimental effect on keeping the quality of the produce.
Most fruits and vegetables have a very limited life after harvest if held at ambient harvesting temperatures. Post-harvest cooling rapidly removes field heat, allowing longer storage periods. Proper post-harvest cooling can:
Reduce respiratory activity and degradation by enzymes;
Reduce internal water loss and wilting;
Slow or inhibit the growth of decay-producing microorganisms;
Reduce the production of the natural ripening agent, ethylene.
In addition to help maintaining quality, post-harvest cooling also provides marketing flexibility by allowing the grower to sell produce at the most appropriate time. Having cooling and storage facilities makes it unnecessary to market the produce immediately after harvest. This can be an advantage to growers who supply restaurants and grocery stores or to small growers who want to assemble truckload lots for shipment. Post-harvest cooling is essential for delivering produce of the highest possible quality to the consumer. Cold storage can be combined with storage in an environment with addition of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide (in case of grapes) nitrogen, etc. according to the nature of product to be preserved. The cold storage of dried or dehydrated vegetables can be successfully carried out for a storage time of more than one year at 0°-10°C with a relative humidity of 80-95 per cent.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 500 MT/Day
Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.) Rs. 79 Lac
Plant & Machinery Rs. 55 Lac
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 5 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 1.53 Cr
Rate of Return 27%
Break Even Point 55%
INTRODUCTION
PROPOSED LOCATION
PROVIDING GOOD DRAINAGE IS ESSENTIAL.
THREE PHASE OF ELECTRICITY IS NECESSARY WHEN MORE THAN 10 TONS
OF REFRIGERATION IS NEEDED.
PROJECT LOACTION: NARDANA (DHULE) MIDC
CLIMATE:
MAP OF DISTRICT
DHULE INDUSTRIAL AREA.
RAIN FALL:
TRANSPORTATION:
AIR
RAIL
ROAD
LOCAL TRANSPORT
CONCEPT OF THE PROJECT
LAYOUT
BASIC DESIGN
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT PRE-COOLING
PRE-COOLING-
COMPATIBILITY GROUPS FOR STORAGE OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
COMMODITY STORAGE CONDITIONS-
METHODS OF STORAGE FOR FRUITS & VEGETABLES
SPECIFICATION OF COOL CHAMBER/COLD ROOM
STORAGE OF FOODS AND STORAGE CONDITIONS
IN GENERAL, THERE ARE THREE GROUPS OF PRODUCTS:
DESIRED STORAGE ENVIRONMENT OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
RIPENING ROOMS
FRUIT RIPENING PROCESS
CALCIUM CARBIDE RIPENING IS HARMFUL CAN CAUSE CANCER
EQUIPMENT LAYOUT OF RIPENING ROOM
STORAGE OF POTATO
FOLLOWING ARE THE REQUISITES FOR EFFICIENT POTATO STORAGE:
HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS
EQUIPMENT & MACHINERY LIST
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
MARKET SURVEY
WHY INDIA FOR COLD CHAIN?
92% OF COLD STORAGES IN INDIA ARE OWNED AND OPERATED BY PRIVATE SECTOR.
SOME AREAS FOR COLD CHAIN INTERVENTIONS
COLD CHAIN PROJECTS ASSISTED BY MOFPI
CURRENTLY 68% OF EXISTING COLD STORAGE CAPACITY IS USED FOR POTATO
AND YET FARMERS AREN'T GETTING THE RIGHT PRICE. THE SITUATION
IN OTHER COMMODITIES NO BETTER.
CURRENT MARKET TRENDS
DEFYING THE STORAGE CHALLENGES
GROWTH OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE DUE TO TRADE LIBERALIZATION
HIGH ENERGY & INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
THE REFRIGERATED STORAGE SEGMENT IS PROJECTED TO BE THE FASTEST
-GROWING SEGMENT IN THE GLOBAL MARKET DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD
BY TEMPERATURE TYPE, THE FROZEN SEGMENT IS PROJECTED TO DOMINATE
THE MARKET DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD.
BY APPLICATION, THE DAIRY & FROZEN DESSERTS SEGMENT IS PROJECTED TO
DOMINATE THE MARKET DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD.
THE INCREASING DEMAND FOR COLD CHAIN SERVICES IN THE EUROPEAN
AND ASIA PACIFIC REGIONS IS DRIVING THE GROWTH OF THE MARKET.
KEY MARKET PLAYERS
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS:
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES
WEAKNESSES AND THREATS
LAYOUT
LAYOUT FROM CLIENT
MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
STORAGE PHOTOGRAPHS
PHOTOGRAPHS OF VEGETABLES & FRUITS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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