Industry Overview
Glycerol, also known as glycerine or propane-1,2,3-triol, is a versatile chemical widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and chemical industries. It is produced as a by-product of saponification and hydrolysis reactions in oleochemical plants and through transesterification in biodiesel plants. The resulting crude glycerol contains impurities that vary according to the production process and feedstock, including water, salts, soap, alcohol, fatty acids, unreacted triglycerides, oily matter, and other organic and inorganic components. Its relatively low purity limits its direct industrial applications and makes purification important for converting it into a higher-value industrial feedstock.
Several purification technologies have been developed for crude glycerol, including conventional filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, simple and vacuum distillation, chemical and physical treatments, ion exchange, and adsorption. Combining multiple purification methods can improve glycerol purity. The report reviews glycerol production routes and purification technologies, including glycerine refining, recovery from spent soap lyes, biodiesel-related glycerine production, and glycerine obtained from palm-based feedstocks. Purified glycerol remains an important industrial commodity and feedstock for diverse applications, creating a need for efficient and commercially feasible purification processes.
Cost Estimation
| Particular | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 10.00 MT/day |
| land & Building (4000 Sq.Mtr) | Rs. 2.24 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 1.10 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 2.43 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 5.97 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 36% |
| Break Even Point | 45% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- SYNTHETIC GLYCEROL
- PROPERTIES OF GLYCERINE
- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES -
- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- 3.SPECIFIC GRAVITY AT 25/25OC OF VARIOUS CONCENTRATION OF GLYCEROL.
- SOURCE OF GLYCEROL
- TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION
- ACID CATALYSED TRANSESTERIFICATION
- BASE CATALYSED TRANSESTERIFICATION
- TABLE: ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CATALYST USED IN TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION. (MODIFIED FROM REF.).
- ENZYMATIC CATALYSED TRANSESTERIFICATION
- SAPONIFICATION
- HYDROLYSIS
- USES AND APPLICATIONS
- FOOD INDUSTRY
- PHARMACEUTICAL AND PERSONAL CARE APPLICATIONS
- BOTANICAL EXTRACTS
- ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE LIQUID
- ANTIFREEZE
- INTERNAL COMBUSTION FUEL
- CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATE
- APPLICATION OF GLYCERINE (% AGE)
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- TEST AND ANALYSIS OF GLYCERINE
- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD METHODS. ANALYSIS OF CRUDE GLYCERINE
- SAMPLING
- ANALYSIS
- WEIGH THE ASH.
- ACETIN PROCESS FOR GLYCEROL DETERMINATION
- REAGENTS REQUIRED
- THE METHOD
- BICHROMATE PROCESS
- FOR GLYCEROL DETERMINATION
- REAGENTS REQUIRED
- THE METHOD
- NOTES;
- INSTRUCTIONS FOR CALCULATING ACTUAL GLYCEROL CONTENT
- IMPURITIES IN CRUDE GLYCERINE
- OVERVIEW OF GLYCERINE MARKET
- INCREASING PRODUCTION AND DEMAND FOR BIODIESEL
- PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION WILL CONTINUE TO DOMINATE THE MARKET
- ASIA-PACIFIC REGION TO LEAD THE MARKET
- GLYCERINE MARKET
- CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR PURIFYING GLYCERIN
- A NEW APPROACH
- PROCESS STEPS
- MARKET POSITION
- PRODUCTION OF GLYCERINE
- IMPORT OF GLYCERINE IN INDIA
- IMPORT DATA OF REFINED GLYCERINE
- EXPORT DATA OF REFINED GLYCERINE
- MARKET OVERVIEW (GLOBAL)
- MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF REFINED GLYCERINE
- MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIERS OF SPENT LYE
- AND CRUDE GLYCERINE
- AN INNOVATION IN GLYCERIN PURIFICATION
- CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR PURIFYING GLYCERIN
- A NEW APPROACH PROCESS STEPS
- PURIFICATION OF CRUDE GLYCEROL
- SOURCE OF CRUDE GLYCERINE
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- OF CRUDE GLYCERINE REFINING
- DEAERATION
- DISTILLATION
- CONDENSATION
- BLEACHING
- SALT REMOVAL
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- GLYCERINE REFINING PROCESS
- PROCESS IN DETAILS
- INTRODUCTION TO MANUFACTURING PROCESS:
- CRUDE GLYCERINE FROM VARIOUS
- PRODUCTION PROCESSES
- FIG. HYDROLYSIS REACTION.
- MANUFACTURE OF GLYCERINE FROM SPENT SOAP LYES
- PROCESS OUTLINE OF GLYCERINE MANUFACTURE
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF GLYCERINE FROM SPENT LYE
- RAW MATERIALS
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- DETAILS OF GLYCEROL (GLYCERINE) MANUFACTURE FROM SPENT LYE
- SPENT LYE TREATMENT:-
- CONCENTRATION OF GLYCEROL LIQUORS
- THE EVAPORATOR AND OPERATION:-
- REFINING:
- BLEACHING OF GLYCERINE:-
- BIO DIESEL AND GLYCERINE PRODUCTION
- USING PALM OIL AS FEED STOCK
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR GLYCERINE USING CRUDE PALM OIL
- RECOVERY METHOD OF GLYCERINE
- OTHER METHODS OF RECOVERY:
- QUALITY OF SPENT LYES:
- THE TREATMENT AND EVAPORATION OF LYES:
- DISTILLATION OF CRUDE GLYCERINE:
- FOOTS:
- PRODUCTION OF GLYCERINE FROM PALM KERNEL OIL
- MATERIALS
- METHOD
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- TABLE: PROPERTIES OF PALM KERNEL OIL USED
- TABLE: PARAMETERS OF HYDROLYSIS REACTION AND PRODUCTION AT 268OC, PRESSURE 500PSI (34ATM), TIME 5 HOURS.
- TABLE: DATA OF GLYCEROL RECOVERY AT TEMPERATURE 140OC, PRESSURE 8.7PSI (0.6ATM), TIME 3 HOURS
- TABLE: PROPERTIES OF CRUDE GLYCEROL PRODUCED.
- CONCLUSIONS FROM THIS STUDY THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSION ARE MADE
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- SODIUM HYDROXIDE
- ACTIVATED CARBON
- LABORATORY CHEMICALS
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY (GLOBAL)
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY (INDIAN)
- TREATMENT TANK
- FILTER PRESS
- EVAPORATORS
- HEAT EXCHANGER
- CENTRIFUGE
- STORAGE VESSEL
- BOILER
- INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
- PACKAGING MACHINE
Appendix
- COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
- LAND & BUILDING
- PLANT AND MACHINERY
- FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- RAW MATERIAL
- SALARY AND WAGES
- UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- COST OF PRODUCTION
- PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
- BREAK EVEN POINT
- RESOURCES OF FINANCE
- INTEREST CHART
- DEPRECIATION CHART
- CASH FLOW STATEMENT
- PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET
Frequently Asked Questions
Glycerol is a versatile chemical used across pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and chemical industries. It is also known as glycerine or propane-1,2,3-triol. Its properties make it suitable for a wide range of applications, including formulations in personal care and pharmaceutical products, food-related uses, botanical extracts, chemical intermediates, antifreeze applications, and other industrial products. The report also discusses glycerine applications associated with biodiesel and other chemical processing routes.
Crude glycerol is commonly obtained as a by-product of oleochemical and biodiesel production processes. It can result from saponification and hydrolysis reactions involving fats and oils, as well as transesterification reactions used in biodiesel production. Depending on the process and feedstock, crude glycerol may contain water, salts, soap, alcohol, fatty acids, unreacted triglycerides, oily materials, and other organic or inorganic impurities. These components make purification necessary when high-purity glycerol is required for industrial applications.
Crude glycerol needs purification because its impurities restrict its direct use as a high-value industrial feedstock. Depending on its source, crude glycerol can contain salts, soap, water, alcohol, fatty acids, glycerides, and other contaminants. Purification removes or reduces these unwanted components and improves the quality and usability of glycerol. Producing purified glycerol can therefore expand its applications in industries that require a more consistent and higher-purity chemical raw material.
Glycerol purification can involve filtration, membrane separation, distillation, chemical or physical treatment, ion exchange, and adsorption. Conventional filtration, microfiltration, and ultrafiltration can help separate suspended or dissolved impurities depending on the membrane and process conditions. Simple or vacuum distillation is used for separation based on volatility, while adsorption and ion-exchange processes can provide additional purification. The report indicates that combining two or more techniques can lead to higher-purity glycerol than relying on a single purification operation.
Transesterification produces glycerol as a major by-product during biodiesel manufacture from oils or fats. In this reaction, triglycerides are converted into fatty acid esters, while glycerol is separated as a co-product. The report covers acid-catalysed, base-catalysed, and enzymatic transesterification routes and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different catalysts. Because the glycerol generated through biodiesel processing is generally crude and contains several impurities, downstream treatment and purification are important for converting it into a more useful industrial product.
A glycerine refining plant can use treatment tanks, filter presses, evaporators, heat exchangers, centrifuges, storage vessels, boilers, instrumentation and process-control equipment, laboratory equipment, and packaging machinery. The exact equipment configuration depends on the crude glycerol source, required product quality, purification route, and process design. The report specifically includes process stages such as deaeration, distillation, condensation, bleaching, and salt removal, which may be integrated into the overall refining system to achieve the required glycerine quality.
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