Industry Overview
Seawater desalination is an industrial process used to remove salts and other dissolved constituents from seawater to produce fresh water. With increasing pressure on freshwater resources due to population growth, urban expansion, and water scarcity, desalination has become an important technology for coastal regions and water-stressed areas. Seawater represents a significant source for desalination, while brackish water and other saline sources are also widely treated.
Desalination processes generally fall into two categories: thermal processes and membrane processes. Thermal methods use evaporation and condensation techniques, while membrane methods such as reverse osmosis use high pressure to separate salts through specialized membranes. Technologies including multi-stage flash distillation, multiple-effect evaporation, and vapour compression distillation are applied according to capacity and operational requirements.
Bromine recovery from seawater is another important industrial application involving saline resources. Bromine occurs naturally as bromide in seawater, salt lakes, and concentrated brine solutions. Sea bitterns, obtained after salt crystallization from seawater, provide a rich source of bromine for extraction. Bromine is a reddish-brown liquid non-metallic element used in several industrial applications, including flame retardants and chemical manufacturing. The production process involves extraction, oxidation, purification, and safe handling practices due to bromine’s hazardous nature.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 1000 Kg./Day |
| Land & Building (10,000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 1.59 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 2.33 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 2.31 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment including 3 months working capital | Rs. 10.70 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 54% |
| Break Even Point | 64% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- SOURCE AND SAFETY OF BROMINE
- SAFETY FIRST
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF SALT
- PRODUCTION OF SALT IN PAST FEW YEARS
- GROWTH OF CHLOR-ALKALI INDUSTRY OF INDIA
- PROPERTIES OF SALT
- POTASSIUM IODIDE
- PROPERTIES OF BROMINE
- METHOD OF DESALINATION
- METHOD OF COMMON SALT FROM SEA WATER
- SEQUENCES IN SEA WATER DESALINATION
- TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION1: REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO)
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SALT FROM SEAWATER
- DETAILS OF SALT PURIFICATION PROCESS
- THE PRODUCTION OF SOLAR SALT
- THE PRODUCTION OF VACUUM SALT
- USES AND APPLICATION OF BROMINE
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF BROMINE
- MAJOR BROMINE MANUFACTURING COUNTRIES
- MAJOR PLAYERS
- RAW MATERIAL SECTION
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
- ANALYSIS OF BROMINE, TECHNICAL
- SAMPLING OF BROMINE TECHNICAL
- EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE OF BROMINE
- PRODUCTION OF BROMINE
- EXTRACTION OF BROMINE FROM SEA WATER
- OXIDATION OF BROMIDE TO BROMINE
- ETP PROCESS
- STAGES IN BROMINE MANUFACTURE
- HOW A HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL LIKE BROMINE IS HANDLED
- SAFETY IN BROMINE PLANT
- TECHNICAL DETAILS OF BROMINE MANUFACTURE
- AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS & THEIR CONTROL
- ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS
- ADDRESSES OF PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
- GOVT. LICENSE DETAILS FOR LIQUID BROMINE PLANT
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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