4096
Industry Overview
Electric rickshaws, also known as e-rickshaws or Tuk Tuks, have gained popularity as an alternative to conventional auto rickshaws and manually pulled rickshaws, particularly because of their lower running costs and reduced physical effort. Since around 2008, they have increasingly been adopted in several cities as an alternative to petrol, diesel and CNG-powered vehicles. E-rickshaws generally use electric motors in the 650-1400 Watts range and are commonly configured as three-wheel vehicles.
Battery-operated rickshaws can provide a relatively low-emission transport option for low-income communities with limited access to affordable transportation. The report describes e-rickshaws as suitable for local transportation and notes that certain variants can carry loads of up to 300 kgs. Manufacturing involves fabrication of the chassis, assembly of body components, painting and vehicle testing, while items such as rims, tyres, brakes, lights, horn, batteries, wiring harnesses, throttle, motor and controllers are purchased from approved suppliers.
The report also covers electric scooters, including their construction, batteries, motors, controls, braking systems and assembly procedures. Electric scooters operate using rechargeable batteries, commonly lithium-ion or sealed lead-acid types. The project further examines e-rickshaw and electric scooter specifications, manufacturing processes, market developments, regulatory considerations, socio-economic aspects, technical studies, suppliers and project economics.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 60 Nos/Day |
| Land & Building (10,000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 5.50 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 10.80 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 19.43 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 36.14 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 42% |
| Break Even Point | 39% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- HOW ELECTRIC SCOOTERS WORK
- ELECTRIC SCOOTER PART
- (1) ELECTRIC SCOOTER HUB MOTOR
- (2) ELECTRIC SCOOTER WHEELS
- (3) ELECTRIC SCOOTER SOLID & INFLATED TIRES
- (4) ELECTRIC SCOOTER THROTTLE & CONTROLLERS
- (5) ELECTRIC SCOOTER BATTERY
- (6) ELECTRIC SCOOTER BRAKES
- (7) ELECTRIC SCOOTER CHARGERS
- OVERALL SPECIFICATION OF E-SCOOTER
- SPECIFICATIONS OF THE MOTOR CONTROLLER SYSTEM
- SPECIFICATIONS OF THE BATTERY/CHARGER
- SPECIFICATIONS OF THE BRAKING SYSTEM
- SPECIFICATIONS OF THE LIGHTING/INSTRUMENT/SWITCH
- ADVANTAGES-
- DISADVANTAGES-
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- USES AND APPLICATIONS OF E -RICKSHAW
- ADVANTAGES OF E-RICKSHAWS
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF E-RICKSHAW
- BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES WITH E-RICKSHAW
- TERRA MOTORS EYES 30,000 E-RICKSHAWS SALES IN INDIA BY YEAR-END (2016-17)
- SAFETY AND SECURITY
- THREE-WHEELER FACEOFF
- FARE
- VEHICLE COST
- LAW
- SPEED
- SAFETY
- LICENCE
- ELECTRIC RICKSHAW FROM CHINA FOR INDIA AND BANGLADESH
- E-RICKSHAW LAW IN INDIA
- THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECT INTO CONSIDERATION
- BATTERY OPERATED E RICKSHAW IN DELHI
- 46% OF THESE MIGRATED FROM NORTHERN INDIA.
- APPROVAL, VERIFICATION AND AUTHORISATION
- FEATURES AND SPECIFICATION OF E-RICKSHAW
- FEATURES:
- SPECIFICATIONS:
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF E-RICKSHAW
- GOVT LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY FOR E-RICKSHAW
- STATEMENT OF ISSUE
- FOLLOWING ISSUES NEED TO BE ADDRESSED THROUGH AN E-RICKSHAW POLICY:
- CPPR AND E-RICKSHAWS
- SUBSIDIES AND DETAILS OF GOVT APPROVAL FOR E-RICKSHAW
- CONTACT DETAILS
- REVIEW AND STUDY THE RULES AND REGULATION FOR E-RICKSHAW
- SCENARIO OF E-RICKSHAW
- SELECTIONS OF AREAS OF STUDY
- TABLE: COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF RICKSHAWS IN DELHI
- CENTRAL MOTOR VEHICLES RULES,1989
- PARAMETER SELECTION
- SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
- TABLE PARAMETERS FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY
- SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONCLUSIONS
- RESULTS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY
- TABLE: RENTED RICKSHAWS
- TABLE: SELF-OWNED RICKSHAWS
- FIGURE: PREVIOUS PROFESSIONS OF THE BATTERY RICKSHAW DRIVERS
- TABLE: EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS OF DRIVERS
- DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF E-RICKSHAWS
- LESSONS FROM THE TRIPURA BATTERY OPERATED RICKSHAW RULES, 2014
- TECHNICAL STUDY FOR E-RICKSHAW
- TABLE: PARAMETERS FOR THE TECHNICAL STUDY
- CONCLUSIONS
- TABLE: RESULTS OF THE TECHNICAL STUDY
- KEY FINDINGS
- INDIAN MARKET OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC SCOOTER AND MOTORCYCLE
- DEVELOPMENT IN E-BIKE MARKETING INDIA
- GLOBAL MARKET OF ELECTRIC SCOOTER AND MOTORCYCLE
- MARKET DYNAMICS:
- KEY MARKET PLAYERS
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF E-RICKSHAW
- PROCESS:-
- SUB ASSEMBLIES ARE:-
- PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING THROUGH FLOW SHEET
- WORKING OPERATED OF E-RICKSHAWS
- PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR ELECTRIC SCOOTER MANUFACTURE
- PRODUCTION PROCESS
- ASSEMBLING PROCESS
- ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
- (1) HANDLE BAR
- (2) FRONT PANEL
- (3) FRONT WHEEL WITH DRUM BRAKE
- (4) FRONT WHEEL WITH DISK BREAK
- (4) STORAGE BOX
- (5) REARVIEW MIRRORS
- (6) BATTERY
- (1) FRONT WHEEL INSTALLATION:
- (2) HANDLEBARS INSTALLATION:
- (3) MIRRORS INSTALLATION:
- (4) PEDALS INSTALLATION:
- (5) REAR STORAGE TRUNK INSTALLATION:
- (6) THROTTLE & ACCESSORY CONTROL GRIP INSTALLATION:
- (7) SEAT INSTALLATION:
- (8) INSTALLATION OF REAR BRAKE:
- (9) TIRE INSTALLATION:
- WHEEL ADJUSTMENTS/MAINTENANCE:
- (10) DRIVE CHAIN INSTALLATION:
- CHECKING CHAIN TENSION:
- TIGHTEN DRIVE CHAIN:
- LOOSEN DRIVE CHAIN:
- (11) BATTERY INSTALLATION
- (12) INSTALLATION OF ADOPTER
- (13) TESTING OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER
- (PRODUCT TESTING) E-BIKE TEST PROCEDURE
- MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELERS
- EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
- 1. DEPRECIATION:
- 2. FIXED ASSETS:
- 3. WORKING CAPITAL:
- 4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
- 5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
- 6. MARGIN MONEY:
- 7. TERM LOANS:
- 8. TOTAL LOAD:
- 9. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS FOR E-RICKSHAW
- SUPPLIERS OF POWER PRESS
- SUPPLIERS OF POWER SHEARING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF HYDRAULIC PRESS
- SUPPLIERS OF BENDING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF WELDING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF TESTING EQUIPMENT AND MACHINES
- SUPPLIERS OF POWDER COATING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS FOR E-RICKSHAW
- SUPPLIERS OF E-RICKSHAW SPARE PARTS
- SUPPLIERS OF CHASIS
- SUPPLIERS OF TRACTION BATTERY
- SUPPLIERS OF STEEL PIPE
- SUPPLIERS OF PICKLING CHEMICALS
- RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS FOR E-SCOOTER
- SUPPLIERS OF BLDC MOTOR
- SUPPLIERS OF MOTOR CONTROLLER
- SUPPLIERS OF LITHIUM- ION BATTERY
- SUPPLIERS OF TYRE
- SUPPLIERS OF WHEEL
- SUPPLIERS OF SPARES
- PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS FOR ELECTRIC SCOOTER
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
- SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF JIGS AND FIXTURE
- SUPPLIERS OF E-RICKSHAW AND E –SCOOTER CONVERSION KIT
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
An e-rickshaw manufacturing plant is a facility where electric three-wheelers are fabricated, assembled, painted, tested and prepared for use. The report describes a model in which the chassis is fabricated within the premises while major components such as rims, tyres, brakes, lighting equipment, traction batteries, wire harnesses, throttle, motor and controllers are purchased from approved suppliers. Manufacturing generally involves fabrication equipment, assembly fixtures, working tools and testing equipment, supported by appropriate quality-control procedures.
An electric rickshaw works by using electrical energy stored in a rechargeable traction battery to power an electric motor. The motor receives controlled electrical power through a controller and converts it into mechanical movement at the wheels. Other systems, including the throttle, brakes, lights, horn and wiring harness, support vehicle operation and safety. Charging equipment restores the battery after use. The precise motor, battery, controller and vehicle configuration depends on the design and specifications selected by the manufacturer.
Major e-rickshaw components include the chassis, body parts, electric motor, motor controller, traction battery, wheels, tyres, brakes, throttle, wiring harness, lights, horn and charging-related equipment. The report specifically identifies rims, tyres, brakes, headlights, taillights, horns, turning lights, traction batteries, wire harnesses, throttles, motors and controllers as purchased components. The chassis and body assembly, along with painting and vehicle testing, are carried out within the manufacturing premises.
Common electric scooter batteries include lithium-ion and sealed lead-acid batteries. The report explains that the rechargeable battery is attached to the scooter frame and supplies electrical energy to the motor. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used where lower weight, energy density and rechargeable performance are important, while sealed lead-acid batteries can be used in applications where their characteristics and cost are suitable. Battery selection should consider vehicle design, required range, charging requirements, operating conditions, safety and overall system compatibility.
The e-rickshaw manufacturing process involves chassis fabrication, component preparation, body assembly, electrical installation, painting and final testing. Depending on the plant configuration, operations may include pressing, shearing, bending, welding, material handling, surface preparation and coating. Purchased components are integrated with the fabricated chassis and body parts using assembly fixtures and tools. Final inspection and testing are important to verify mechanical, electrical and operational performance before the completed vehicle is released.
The main advantages of e-rickshaws include lower running costs, comparatively simple operation and reduced dependence on conventional automotive fuels. The report presents battery-operated rickshaws as an economical local-transport option that can provide livelihood opportunities and reduce physical effort compared with manually pulled rickshaws. Their electric powertrain also eliminates direct tailpipe emissions during operation. Actual environmental and economic benefits depend on battery technology, electricity sources, vehicle usage, maintenance practices and compliance with applicable vehicle and safety requirements.
An e-rickshaw manufacturing project should consider product design, production capacity, plant layout, machinery, raw-material sourcing, component suppliers, workforce, quality control, testing, working capital and applicable regulations. Market demand and the availability of reliable components such as batteries, motors and controllers are also important. The project should establish suitable fabrication and assembly systems and ensure that finished vehicles meet applicable technical, safety and approval requirements. A detailed feasibility study should additionally evaluate investment requirements, operating costs, financing and expected project returns.
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