Industry Overview
Essential oils, also known as volatile or ethereal oils, are concentrated, odoriferous substances of an oily character obtained mainly from plant sources. They occur in specialized cells, glands, or ducts and may be present in leaves, bark, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds, buds, stems, or other plant parts. Some are released from glycosides through hydrolysis. Essential oils are generally insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, ether, fatty oils, and mineral oils. They are commonly liquid at ordinary temperatures, volatile, and often optically active, with specific gravities generally ranging from 0.84 to 1.18.
These oils contain diverse chemical constituents, including hydrocarbons, terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, acids, esters, oxides, and lactones. They are broadly used in perfumery, soaps, cosmetics, food and beverage flavouring, and therapeutic applications. Production methods include expression, distillation, solvent extraction, counter-current extraction, and enfleurage. Modern extraction technologies covered in the report include hydrodistillation, steam distillation, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.
The report also discusses natural sources of essential oils, including flowers, herbs, spices, fruits, seeds, bark, roots, and wood, along with their properties, chemical constituents, pharmacological applications, market characteristics, analytical methods, plant layout, machinery, raw materials, and project economics.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 3.5 Kgs/Day |
| Land & Building (1000 sq.mt) | Rs. 1.22 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 1.20 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 20 Lac |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 2.69 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 24% |
| Break Even Point | 59% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- ESSENTIAL OILS
- THERE ARE A NUMBER OF SPICES USED ALONG WITH FOOD, NAMELY
- MAJOR RAW MATERIALS USED IN EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- USES AND APPLICATIONS OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- ESSENTIAL OILS FOR HAIR
- A. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS
- JASMINE OIL
- LAVENDER OIL
- B. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HERBS SPIKENARD OIL (JATAMANSI OIL)
- C. CINNAMON OIL
- CINNAMON OIL
- ZEODOARY OIL
- BEST ESSENTIAL OILS IN INDIA
- ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SPICES
- USE OF CORINDER OIL
- USES OF ORANGE PEEL OIL (CITRUS PEEL OIL)
- PHARAMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- ANTISEPTICS
- EXPECTORANTS AND DIURETICS
- SPASMOLYTIC AND SEDATIVE
- CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- HYDROCARBON
- TERPENES
- MONOTERPENES [C10H16 ]
- B. SESQUITERPENES
- SESQUITERPENE LACTONES
- C. DITERPENES
- ALCOHOLS
- ALDEHYDES
- ACIDS
- ESTERS
- KETONES
- LACTONES
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- SOURCES OF NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS
- ESSENTIAL OIL MARKET OVERVIEW
- INDIAN MARKET SHARE OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- BREAKUP OF INDIAN MARKET (2012-13)
- IMPORT OF ESSENTIAL OIL (2013-14)
- EXPORT OF ESSENTIAL OIL (2013-14)
- ESSENTIAL OIL MARKET OVERVIEW
- DETAILED EXPORT DATA OF INDIA ESSENTIAL OILS
- GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- PRODUCT INSIGHTS
- APPLICATION INSIGHTS
- REGIONAL INSIGHTS
- COMPETITIVE INSIGHTS
- MAJOR PRODUCERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- MAJOR CONSUMER OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- LARGEST GLOBAL MARKET PLACES FOR ESSENTIAL OIL
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- METHODS OF PRODUCING ESSENTIAL OILS
- HYDRODISTILLATION
- MECHANISM OF DISTILLATION
- HYDRODIFFUSION
- HYDROLYSIS
- EFFECT OF HEAT
- THREE TYPES OF HYDRODISTILLATION
- WATER DISTILLATION
- TRADITIONAL METHOD OF PRODUCING ATTAR USING HYDRODISTILLATION
- TRADITIONAL BHATTI (FURNACE)
- DISADVANTAGES OF WATER DISTILLATION
- WATER AND STEAM DISTILLATION
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS, HERBS, SPICES BY SUPER CRITICAL FLUID (CARBON DIOXIDE)
- A. EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM FLOWERS
- FROM FLOWERS
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS USING SUPER CRITICAL FLUID METHOD
- B. FROM HERBS
- 1. CLEANING
- 2. WASHING
- 3. DRYING
- 4. DISINTEGRATION INTO SMALL CHIP
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL FLUID METHOD
- 6. FROM SPICES
- 1. CLEANING
- 2. DRYING
- 3. CUTTING INTO PIECES
- PROCESS IN DETAILS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS USING STEAM DISTILLATION METHOD
- METHODS OF OBTAINING GINGER ESSENTIAL OIL
- STEAM DISTILLATION
- EXTRACTION OF ROSE ESSENTIAL OIL
- ROSE ATTAR
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF STEAM DISTILLATION PROCESS
- ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- CHROMATOGRAPHIC DATA OF EUCALYPTUS OIL
- FIGURE- EXPERIMENTAL SETUP OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
- EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
- DETAILS OF HYPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE GAS CO2 EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- CO2 HYPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION
- PLANT LAYOUT
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES FOR SUPER CRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION PLANT
- STEAM DISTILLATION PLANT
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES FOR SPICES
- PULVERIZERS
- LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENT
- HAMMER MILLS
- FILTER PRESS
- ROTARY WASHER
- FLUIDIZED BED DRYER
- MIXER
- SIEVING MACHINE
- WEIGHING MACHINE
- MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
- POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- D.G. SETS
- BOILERS
- COOLING TOWER
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- FLOWERS
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Essential oils are concentrated volatile and odoriferous substances obtained mainly from plants. They may be present in specialized cells, glands, or ducts in flowers, leaves, fruits, seeds, bark, roots, stems, or other plant parts. Unlike fixed vegetable oils, essential oils are volatile and generally evaporate when heated. Their chemical composition can include hydrocarbons, terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, acids, esters, oxides, and lactones, which contribute to their characteristic aroma and other properties.
Essential oils are widely used in perfumery, cosmetics, soaps, food flavouring, beverages, and selected therapeutic applications. Their concentrated aromas make them valuable ingredients in fragrances and personal-care products, while their characteristic flavours support food and beverage applications. Certain essential oils are also studied or used for properties such as antiseptic, expectorant, diuretic, spasmolytic, and sedative effects. The appropriate application depends on the oil's composition, quality, concentration, and intended use.
Essential oils can be extracted using several methods, with distillation being one of the principal industrial approaches. The report covers expression, distillation, solvent extraction, counter-current extraction, and enfleurage, as well as hydrodistillation, water and steam distillation, steam distillation, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The choice of process depends on the plant material, oil characteristics, desired product quality, heat sensitivity, and the nature of the compounds that need to be recovered.
Essential oil production can use flowers, herbs, spices, fruits, seeds, leaves, stems, bark, roots, and wood as botanical raw materials. Different parts of the same plant can sometimes yield different essential oils. Examples discussed in the report include jasmine, lavender, spikenard, cinnamon, zeodoary, coriander, orange peel, ginger, rose, and eucalyptus-related applications. Raw material selection should consider botanical identity, freshness or drying condition, oil content, quality, seasonality, and suitability for the selected extraction process.
An essential oil extraction plant may require process equipment selected according to the extraction technology and raw materials handled. The report covers equipment and utilities including pulverizers, hammer mills, rotary washers, fluidized bed dryers, mixers, sieving and weighing machines, filter presses, laboratory testing equipment, material-handling equipment, pollution-control equipment, D.G. sets, boilers, and cooling towers. Specialized installations may also include steam distillation and supercritical fluid extraction systems.
Essential oil quality is evaluated through physical, chemical, and analytical testing appropriate to the product. The report specifically includes analysis of essential oils, chromatographic data for eucalyptus oil, and an experimental setup for gas chromatography. Such analytical approaches can help identify and characterize volatile constituents and assess product consistency. Quality evaluation may also consider properties such as appearance, odor, specific gravity, refractive characteristics, and chemical composition, depending on the oil and applicable specifications.
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