Industry Overview
Essential oils are volatile, aromatic substances obtained from a wide range of plants and herbs and are used in food products, cosmetics, cleaning products, fragrances, herbicides and insecticides. They have also been associated with traditional medicinal applications and, more recently, with aromatherapy and research into natural bioactive compounds. Essential oils generally contain monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygenated derivatives such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, phenols, ethers and esters. Their composition can vary significantly, and even trace components contribute to characteristic aroma and flavour.
Conventional extraction methods include steam distillation, hydro-distillation and liquid-solvent extraction. High temperatures may alter thermo-sensitive constituents during distillation, while organic solvents can present residue and recovery concerns. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), particularly with carbon dioxide (CO2), has therefore received considerable attention because CO2 is non-toxic, non-flammable, readily removable from extracts and suitable for extracting lipophilic compounds. Extraction performance depends on factors such as pressure, temperature, cosolvent, extraction time, plant material, harvesting conditions and pretreatment. Supercritical extraction can also facilitate the recovery of natural functional ingredients for food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 28 Kg/Day |
| Land & Building (1500 sq.mt) | Rs. 2.02 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 1.96 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 62 Lac |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 4.71 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 25% |
| Break Even Point | 43% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- ESSENTIAL OILS
- THERE ARE A NUMBER OF SPICES USED ALONG WITH FOOD, NAMELY
- MAJOR RAW MATERIALS USED IN EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- ESSENTIAL OIL OF PLANT & HERBS
- USES AND APPLICATIONS OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- ESSENTIAL OILS FOR HAIR
- DIFFERENT OILS ARE USED FOR DIFFERENT PROBLEMS FACED BY THE HAIR. SOME OF THEM ARE GIVEN BELOW:
- A. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS
- JASMINE OIL
- LAVENDER OIL
- B. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HERBS SPIKENARD OIL (JATAMANSI OIL)
- C. CINNAMON OIL
- CINNAMON OIL
- ZEODOARY OIL
- ANISEED OIL
- BEST ESSENTIAL OILS IN INDIA
- ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SPICES
- USE OF CORINDER OIL
- USES OF ORANGE PEEL OIL (CITRUS PEEL OIL)
- PHARAMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- ANTISEPTICS:
- EXPECTORANTS AND DIURETICS:
- SPASMOLYTIC AND SEDATIVE:
- OTHERS:
- CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- HYDROCARBON:
- TERPENES:
- MONOTERPENES [C10H16]
- B. SESQUITERPENES
- SESQUITERPENE LACTONES:
- C. DITERPENES
- ALCOHOLS
- ALDEHYDES
- ACIDS
- ESTERS
- KETONES:
- LACTONES
- ADVANTAGE OF SCF CO2 METHOD
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- SOURCES OF NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS
- ESSENTIAL OIL MARKET OVERVIEW
- INDIAN MARKET SHARE OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- BREAKUP OF INDIAN MARKET (2012-13)
- IMPORT OF ESSENTIAL OIL (2013-14)
- EXPORT OF ESSENTIAL OIL (2013-14)
- ESSENTIAL OIL MARKET OVERVIEW:
- DETAILED EXPORT DATA OF INDIA ESSENTIAL OILS
- GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- PRODUCT INSIGHTS
- APPLICATION INSIGHTS
- REGIONAL INSIGHTS
- COMPETITIVE INSIGHTS
- MAJOR PRODUCERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- MAJOR CONSUMER OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- LARGEST GLOBAL MARKET PLACES FOR ESSENTIAL OIL
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- ANISEED ESSENTIAL OIL
- CAROM ESSENTIAL OIL
- CARBON DIOXIDE/CO2 EXTRACTION METHOD
- SOLVENTS OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION
- SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (SFE) OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- EFFECT OF EXTRACTION CONDITIONS
- DETAILS OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION
- PUMPS
- PRESSURE VESSELS
- PRESSURE MAINTENANCE
- COLLECTION
- HEATING AND COOLING
- PROCESS OUTLINE TO MANUFACTURE ESSENTIAL OIL
- FOR EXAMPLE
- PERCENTAGE EXTRACTED USING SUPER CRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION SYSTEM
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS, HERBS, SPICES BY SUPER CRITICAL FLUID (CARBON DIOXIDE)
- A. EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM FLOWERS
- FROM FLOWERS
- B. FROM HERBS
- 1. CLEANING
- 2. WASHING
- 3. DRYING
- 4. DISINTEGRATION INTO SMALL CHIP
- C. FROM SPICES
- 1. CLEANING
- 2. DRYING
- 3. CUTTING INTO PIECES
- EXTRACTION OF ROSE ESSENTIAL OIL
- ROSE ATTAR
- EXTRACTION OF VOLATILE OILS BY SUPER CRITICAL FLUID METHOD
- SFE FLOW DIAGRAM
- ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- ANALYSIS OF CLOVE BUD OIL CO2 BY GCMS
- CHROMATOGRAPHIC DATA OF EUCALYPTUS OIL
- EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
- A GAS CHROMATOGRAPH CONSISTS OF:
- ESSENTIAL OIL BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION
- STEP 1: MATERIALS AND APPARATUS
- STEP 2: LEAF DEHYDRATION
- STEP 3: LEAFE DISNITEGRATION
- STEP 4: SOLVENT EXTRACTION
- STEP 5: FILTRATION
- STEP 6: EVAPORATION
- STEP 7: BOTTLING & STORAGE
- COMPARE DISTILLED OILS AND SOLVENT EXTRACTED OILS (EX: ROSE)
- SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHOD FOR ESSENTIAL OIL
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ESSENTIAL OIL BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION
- PROCESS FLOW CHART
- DETAILS OF HYPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE GAS CO2 EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- CO2 HYPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION
- PLANT LAYOUT
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
- ROTARY WASHER
- PULVERIZERS
- STRAINERS
- STORAGE VESSEL
- WEIGHING MACHINE
- MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
- POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- D.G. SETS
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- FLOWERS
- GLASS BOTTLES
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (GLOBAL)
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Essential oils are concentrated, volatile and aromatic substances obtained from plants and herbs. They are generally composed of compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, phenols, ethers and esters. Essential oils may occur in specialized plant cells, glands or ducts and can be present in leaves, bark, roots, flowers or fruits. Their characteristic aroma and flavour result from the combined effect of their many constituents, including components present only in small or trace quantities.
The main extraction methods described in the report are steam distillation, hydro-distillation, liquid-solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. The appropriate method depends on the plant material, target compounds and desired product characteristics. Distillation uses heat and can affect thermo-sensitive constituents, while solvent extraction relies on suitable solvents and subsequent separation. Supercritical fluid extraction uses a fluid such as carbon dioxide under controlled pressure and temperature and is particularly relevant for recovering lipophilic and volatile compounds.
Supercritical CO2 is widely considered suitable for essential oil extraction because it can effectively dissolve many lipophilic compounds while being non-toxic and non-flammable. The report also notes that carbon dioxide has a relatively low critical temperature and pressure and can be readily removed from the extract. These characteristics make the process attractive where preservation of volatile compounds and reduction of conventional organic-solvent residues are important considerations. Process pressure and temperature can be adjusted to influence extraction selectivity and yield.
Supercritical extraction performance is affected by pressure, temperature, cosolvent type and quantity, extraction time, plant location and harvesting time, plant part, pretreatment and the characteristics of the raw material. Pretreatment can be particularly important because it may break plant cells, improve contact between the extraction medium and plant matrix, and facilitate mass transfer. Pressure and temperature also influence solubility and selectivity, while additional separation or fractionation may be required when substances such as cuticular waxes are co-extracted.
Essential oils can be extracted from a broad range of plant materials, including flowers, herbs, spices, leaves, bark, roots and fruits. The report specifically discusses materials such as oregano, sage, thyme, rosemary, basil, marjoram and marigold, as well as rose, aniseed, carom, cinnamon, eucalyptus and citrus peel. The selected plant part and its condition influence both the composition and yield of the resulting extract, making raw-material preparation and handling important stages of an essential oil processing operation.
Essential oil extraction equipment depends on the selected process, but the report identifies equipment and systems including pumps, pressure vessels, pressure-maintenance systems, collection systems, heating and cooling equipment, rotary washers, pulverizers, strainers, storage vessels and weighing machines. Material-handling and pollution-control equipment may also be required. For supercritical CO2 processing, pressure-rated equipment and suitable process controls are particularly important because extraction takes place under elevated pressure and controlled temperature.
Essential oils are used across food, cosmetics, fragrances, cleaning products and other applications. The report also describes their use in traditional medicine, aromatherapy, personal-care products and research into natural bioactive substances. Individual oils and their constituents can have different functional characteristics, including aromatic, antimicrobial, antioxidant or other biological properties. Applications therefore depend on the botanical source, chemical composition, extraction method, quality requirements and intended end use of the finished essential oil.
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