Industry Overview
Ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C, is an important water-soluble vitamin involved in several essential functions in the human body. It plays a key role in collagen synthesis, supporting the framework of bones, gums, skin, muscle and scar tissue. Vitamin C is also involved in the production of certain hormones and neurotransmitters, metabolism of selected amino acids and vitamins, immune function, and the body's antioxidant and detoxification processes.
Vitamin C is widely distributed throughout the plant and animal kingdoms, although its biological roles are not fully understood in all organisms. L-ascorbic acid is also extensively used as a food additive because of its antioxidant properties and is designated as E300. Its history is closely associated with the prevention and cure of scurvy, a relationship that was debated for centuries before the nature of the vitamin was established.
The industrial production of ascorbic acid has developed through chemical and fermentation-based technologies, including the Reichstein process and modern two-step fermentation routes. Industrial processes involve the conversion of suitable raw materials into intermediates such as 2-KLG, followed by transformation to ascorbic acid. The project report covers the chemistry, properties, benefits, industrial fermentation, manufacturing processes, laboratory requirements, plant location considerations, manpower, market aspects and project economics associated with vitamin C production.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 0.8MT/Day |
| Land & Building (4070 sq.mt.) | Rs. 2.15 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 1.40 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 87.54 Lacs |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 4.86 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 32% |
| Break Even Point | 53% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF VITAMIN-C
- OCCURRENCE OF ASC IN FOODS
- SOURCES OF ASCORBIC ACID
- HISTORY OF VITAMIN C AND ITS ROLE IN THE PREVENTION AND CURE OF SCURVY
- CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- ADVANTAGES AND BENEFITS
- BENEFITS OF L-ASCORBIC ACID:-
- VITAMIN C AND SUN DAMAGE
- COLLAGEN
- PIGMENTATION AND L-ASCORBIC ACID
- INFLAMMATION
- SKIN BARRIER INTEGRITY
- OTHER USES OF L-ASCORBIC ACID:-
- BOTTOM LINE
- INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATION OF ASCORBIC ACID
- FIGURE: THE REICHSTEIN PROCESS FOR VITAMIN C SYNTHESIS.
- OXIDATION OF L-SORBOSE TO 2-KLG AND REARRANGEMENT TO ASC
- THE TWO-STEP FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR ASC PRODUCTION
- THE FIRST STEP OF FERMENTATION: CONVERSION OF D-SORBITOL TO L-SORBOSE
- SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE:
- THE COMPANION STRAIN: STIMULATING GROWTH AND 2-KLG PRODUCTION OF K. VULGARE
- BEST VITAMIN C TABLETS IN INDIA FOR IMMUNITY
- VITAMIN C TABLET
- DOCTOR’S BEST VITAMIN C 1000MG TABLETS:
- HIGHLIGHTED FEATURES:
- NOW FOODS VITAMIN C 1000MG TABLETS:
- FAST&UP CHARGE – VITAMIN C WITH ZINC:
- HIGHLIGHTED FEATURES:
- EUCEE VITAMIN C CHEWABLE TABLETS 500MG:
- CARBAMIDE FORTE NATURAL VITAMIN C WITH ZINC:
- BOLDFIT VITAMIN C COMPLEX WITH AMLA AND ZINC:
- HIMALAYAN ORGANICS ORGANIC VITAMIN C CAPSULES:
- NATURYZ DOUBLE STRENGTH NATURAL VITAMIN C AND ZINC SUPPLEMENT:
- BIG MUSCLES NUTRITION NATURAL VITAMIN C AND ZINC TABLETS:
- KAPIVA VITAMIN C + AMLA GUMMIES FOR IMMUNITY BOOST:
- DETAILS OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
- LAB TESTING EQUIPMENT
- MARKET POSITION
- COVID-19 SCENARIO ANALYSIS:
- TOP IMPACTING FACTORS: MARKET SCENARIO ANALYSIS, TRENDS, DRIVERS AND IMPACT ANALYSIS
- THE GLOBAL ASCORBIC ACID MARKET TRENDS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
- GLOBAL ASCORBIC ACID MARKET SEGMENTATION
- KEY PLAYERS IN THE GLOBAL ASCORBIC ACID MARKET
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- THE "MIXED CULTURE" INVOLVES THE FOLLOWING THREE PROCESSES (A), (B) AND (C);
- PRODUCTION OF 2,5-DIKETO-D-GLUCONIC ACID BV THE STRAIN (I)
- (I) SEED MEDIUM:
- AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING;
- AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING:
- PREPARATION OF 2.5-DIKETO-D-GLUCONIC ACID SOLUTIONS:
- AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING:
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- MANPOWER
- GENERAL
- BASISOFESTIMATION
- PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
- PRIMARY FACTORS
- 1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
- 2. MARKETS:
- 3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
- 4. WATER SUPPLY:
- 5. CLIMATE:
- 6. TRANSPORTATION:
- 7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
- 8. LABOR:
- 9. REGULATORY LAWS:
- 10. TAXES:
- 11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
- 12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
- 13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
- 14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
- EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
- 1. DEPRECIATION:
- 2. FIXED ASSETS:
- 3. WORKING CAPITAL:
- 4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
- 5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
- 6. MARGIN MONEY:
- 7. TERM LOANS:
- 8. TOTAL LOAD:
- 9. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
- RAW MATERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
- D-GLUCOSE
- CORN STEEP LIQUOR (CSL)
- POTASSIUM PRIMARY PHOSPHATE (KH2P04)
- MAGNESIUM SULPHATE (MGSO4.7H20)
- MACHINERY PHOTOGRAPHS
- REACTOR
- DISTILLATION UNIT
- EVAPORATOR
- ULTRA-FILTER
- BOILER
- EVAPORATOR
- ULTRA-FILTER
- BOILER
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Ascorbic acid is vitamin C, a water-soluble vitamin involved in several essential biological functions. It is particularly important for collagen synthesis, immune function and antioxidant activity. Vitamin C also participates in the metabolism of certain amino acids and vitamins and supports various cellular processes. Because humans cannot synthesize vitamin C, it must be obtained through dietary sources or suitable supplements. Its antioxidant properties also make ascorbic acid useful in food applications where it can contribute to product stability.
Vitamin C can be produced industrially through chemical and fermentation-based processes. Modern manufacturing commonly involves biological conversion steps that transform suitable feedstocks into intermediates such as 2-KLG, followed by conversion to ascorbic acid. The report discusses the Reichstein process as well as a two-step fermentation process involving conversion of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose and subsequent production of 2-KLG. Process selection depends on raw materials, technology, equipment, product quality requirements and overall plant economics.
The report identifies D-glucose, corn steep liquor (CSL), potassium primary phosphate (KH2P04) and magnesium sulphate (MGSO4.7H20) among the raw materials and process materials associated with the production process. Fermentation-based manufacturing requires appropriate carbon sources, nutrients and controlled process conditions to support microbial conversion. The exact formulation and quantities depend on the selected production technology, process stage and operating conditions established during detailed plant design.
An ascorbic acid manufacturing plant requires process equipment suited to fermentation, separation, concentration and purification operations. The report lists equipment such as reactors, distillation units, evaporators, ultra-filters and boilers. Supporting laboratory and testing equipment is also required for monitoring raw materials, intermediates and finished product quality. Final equipment selection depends on the manufacturing route, plant capacity, process specifications, utility requirements, automation level and quality standards.
Site selection should consider raw-material availability, market access, power and fuel supply, water availability, climate, transportation, waste disposal and labor. Regulatory requirements, taxes, site characteristics, community factors and emergency risks should also be evaluated. For a fermentation and chemical processing facility, reliable utilities, suitable infrastructure, efficient logistics and appropriate environmental and safety provisions are particularly important. A systematic assessment of these factors can help support reliable plant operation and long-term economic performance.
Fermentation provides an important biological route for converting suitable feedstocks into intermediates used in vitamin C manufacture. In the two-step process described in the report, D-sorbitol is first converted to L-sorbose, after which further microbial conversion produces 2-KLG, an important intermediate for ascorbic acid synthesis. Controlled microbial growth, nutrient supply, process conditions and downstream recovery are essential for consistent production. Fermentation technology can therefore form a central part of an integrated industrial vitamin C manufacturing process.
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