Industry Overview
Bromine is a chemical element belonging to the halogen group, with the atomic number 35 and the symbol Br. Derived from the Greek word brómos, meaning “strong-smelling” or “stench,” bromine is the only liquid nonmetallic element at standard room temperature. It is a heavy, volatile, reddish-brown liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor, and its vapour can irritate the eyes and throat. Bromine is highly hazardous and requires strict safety precautions during handling, storage, and transportation.
Bromine was first isolated as an element in 1826 by French chemist Antoine Balard. It can be extracted from brine sources because of its presence in concentrated salt solutions. Bromine and bromine compounds have applications across several industries, including water purification, agriculture, healthcare, photography, wastewater treatment, drilling fluids, biocides, and flame retardants. Organobromine compounds have historically been important as flame-retardant materials because bromine can interrupt free-radical chain reactions. However, concerns regarding environmental impacts, including ozone depletion associated with certain volatile organobromine compounds, have resulted in restrictions or abandonment of some former applications.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 19.5 MT/Day |
| Land & Building (5000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 2.71 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 35.19 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 3.60 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 42.66 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 28% |
| Break Even Point | 55% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- LOCATION OF THE PLANT
- CLIMATE
- RIVERS AND DAMS
- ECONOMY
- OCCURRENCE
- THE OCCURRENCE OF BROMINE IN VARIOUS SOURCES IS SUMMARIZED IN TABLE
- PROPERTIES
- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- REACTIONS WITH HYDROGEN AND METALS
- REACTIONS IN WATER
- REACTIONS WITH ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
- SCOPE
- REQUIREMENTS
- TABLE - 1: REQUIREMENTS FOR BROMINE, TECHNICAL
- PACKING & MARKETING
- PACKING
- MARKING
- SAMPLING
- ANALYSIS OF BROMINE, TECHNICAL
- CALCULATION:
- DETERMINATION OF BROMINE
- THE SOLUTION SHALL BE STANDARDIZED BEFORE USE.
- PROCEDURE
- DETERMINATION OF CHLORINE
- PROCEDURE
- CALCULATION
- DETERMINATION OF NON-VOLATILE MATTER
- PROCEDURE
- CALCULATION
- TEST FOR IODINE
- ZINC DUST
- TEST FOR SULPHATES
- SAMPLING OF BROMINE, TECHNICAL
- NUMBER OF CONTAINERS TO BE DRAWN FOR SAMPLING
- TESTS:
- PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
- APPLICATION OF BROMINE
- WATER PURIFICATION
- AGRICULTURE
- CARS - PAST AND FUTURE
- HEALTHCARE
- PHOTOGRAPHY
- BROMINATED FLAMES RETARDANTS (BFRS)
- WASTEWATER TREATMENT
- EFFLUENT
- ENGINEERING ASPECTS
- STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION
- TOXIC HAZARDS
- SAFETY
- MARKET SURVEY
- BROMINE PRODUCTION WORLDWIDE BY LEADING COUNTRIES 2015-2019
- USES OF BROMINE
- FLAME RETARDANTS
- DRILLING FLUIDS
- BROMINATED AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
- BIOCIDES/WATER TREATMENT
- BROMINATED INTERMEDIATE
- OTHER USES
- BASED ON APPLICATION, FLAME RETARDANTS SEGMENT ACCOUNTED FOR THE LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2018
- BASED ON DERIVATIVE, THE ORGANOBROMINE SEGMENT ACCOUNTED FOR THE LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2018
- ASIA PACIFIC ACCOUNTED FOR THE LARGEST SHARE OF THE BROMINE MARKET IN 2018
- KEY MARKET PLAYERS
- INCREASING DEMAND FOR FLAME RETARDANTS
- ASIA-PACIFIC REGION TO DOMINATE THE MARKET
- ALBEMARLE
- CHEMTURA
- GULF RESOURCES
- ISRAEL CHEMICALS (ICL)
- TOSOH
- WORLD REVIEW
- BROMINE: WORLD PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY OR LOCALITY
- BROMINE MANUFACTURERS IN INDIA
- NOT IN PRODUCTION - FOR CAPTIVE CONSUMPTION ONLY
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- FROM SEA WATER
- RAW MATERIAL
- BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- REACTION
- PROCESS DIVIDES IN THREE STEPS
- UNSCUBBED GAS REACHED TO FINAL SCRUBBER TO GET NEUTRALIZED WITH DILUTE CAUSTIC SOLUTION.
- AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS & THEIR CONTROL
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- PROCESS DESCRIPTION AS PER DE-DIETRICH
- FEED FLOWS
- BROMIDE SOLUTION
- HCL 30-33% FOR ACIDIFICATION TO PH 2-3
- CHLORINE
- OUTLET FLOWS
- EFFLUENT
- PURE BROMINE
- VENT GAS TO SCRUBBER
- 3) UTILITIES AT DESIGN VALUE
- LIVE STEAM
- HEATING STEAM
- COOLING WATER
- CHILLED WATER
- POWER CONSUMPTION
- PROCESS DESCRIPTION
- BROMINE STRIPPING COLUMN
- PURIFICATION COLUMN
- VENT GAS SCRUBBER
- MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
- MAIN PLANT SUPPLIER
- RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
- CHLORINE GAS
- RAW MATERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
- PRODUCT PHOTOGRAPHS
- MACHINERY PHOTOGRAPHS
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Bromine is a halogen chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is a reddish-brown, volatile liquid at standard room temperature and is the only liquid nonmetallic element under ordinary conditions. Bromine has a strong, unpleasant odor and its vapour can irritate the eyes and respiratory tract. Because elemental bromine is hazardous and corrosive, appropriate engineering controls, protective equipment, containment, storage systems, and emergency procedures are essential in industrial facilities handling the material.
Industrial bromine production commonly involves recovering bromide from concentrated brine and converting it into elemental bromine. The report describes a process based on bromide solution, acidification using HCl, and chlorine as a reactant. Bromine is subsequently stripped and purified through process columns, while vent gases are directed to a scrubber for treatment. The overall process therefore requires controlled chemical reactions, separation equipment, purification systems, gas scrubbing, utilities, and suitable effluent management.
Bromine is used in a wide range of industrial and chemical applications, including flame retardants, drilling fluids, agricultural chemicals, biocides, water treatment, brominated intermediates, healthcare-related applications, photography, and wastewater treatment. Its chemical reactivity makes bromine useful for producing numerous brominated compounds. The report also identifies flame retardants, drilling fluids, agricultural chemicals, and water-treatment applications among the important areas associated with bromine demand.
The described bromine manufacturing process uses a bromide solution, chlorine, and hydrochloric acid as key process inputs. The bromide source provides the bromine-bearing material, while chlorine promotes conversion of bromide into elemental bromine. The report specifies HCl at 30–33% concentration for acidification to pH 2–3. Actual raw-material specifications, consumption rates, storage requirements, and supplier selection depend on the process design, feed composition, plant scale, and required product quality.
Strict containment, ventilation, gas detection, personal protective equipment, corrosion-resistant equipment, and emergency response systems are important for bromine plant safety. Bromine is toxic, volatile, and highly irritating, so exposure prevention should be a primary design consideration. Facilities should also provide suitable storage and transportation systems, controlled chemical handling procedures, emergency washing and containment arrangements, and properly designed gas scrubbing systems. Detailed safety measures should be established through process hazard analysis and applicable industrial safety requirements.
A bromine production plant requires process and utility equipment suited to bromine-containing streams and associated corrosive chemicals. The report specifically identifies a bromine stripping column, purification column, and vent gas scrubber as key process equipment. Supporting systems may include steam, cooling water, chilled water, power, storage, effluent handling, and process piping systems. Equipment selection should consider material compatibility, corrosion resistance, operating conditions, process safety, product purity requirements, and the characteristics of the bromide feed and chemical reagents.
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