Industry Overview
India has a substantial cattle and buffalo population, with approximately 180 million cattle and 61 million buffaloes, yet annual milk production has remained comparatively low. The report attributes this primarily to the limited productive potential of animals and inadequate nutrition. Better feeding, together with improved breeding, is therefore essential to realize the genetic potential of livestock for growth, reproduction, and higher milk production.
The principal feed resources include crop residues such as wheat and rice straw and other cereal stovers, which generally have low nutritive value and are often in short supply. These are supplemented with cultivated fodder grasses, concentrates, agro-industrial by-products, and forest wastes. Greater utilization of unconventional feed resources is considered important for addressing nutrient deficiencies in livestock.
Tropical fodders generally have lower nutritive value than temperate-region feeds, creating challenges in achieving adequate intake and digestibility. Chopping and fortifying poor-quality fodders with urea, molasses, and mineral mixtures can improve their nutritive value and palatability. Preservation of quality forage as hay or silage can also support feeding during lean periods. Adequate high-quality fodder combined with suitable concentrates and mineral supplementation can help improve milk production from the existing livestock population.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 7000 Kg./Day |
| Land & Building (3000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 1.96 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 38 Lac |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 1.55 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 3.99 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 42% |
| Break Even Point | 49% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- MINERAL MIXTURE
- MINERAL SALTS WITH ACTIVE ELEMENTS AND THEIR FUNCHEN
- FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT MINERALS
- CLASSIFICATION
- CATTLE FEEDS ARE OF 2 TYPE
- FORM OF SUPPLY
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- MAIN INGREDIENTS OF CATTLE FEED USED IN INDIA
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPOUND CATTLE FEED
- OVERVIEW OF INDIAN FEED INDUSTRY
- THE THREE KEY TYPES OF COMPOUND CATTLE-FEED PRODUCERS ARE
- QUANTITIES OF FEED FED TO DIFFERENT SPECIES WITHIN HOUSEHOLD
- PREMISE & FACT SHEET OF COMPOUND FEED MARKET IN INDIA
- HOW MUCH COMPOUND FEED CATTLE TO BE FED
- ISSUES WITH FEED & FODDER IN INDIA
- CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT
- GREEN FODDER MANAGEMENT
- USE OF ALTERNATE SOURCE OF FEED
- RAM MATERIAL REQUIREMENT FOR COMPOUND FEED BY 2020
- RAM MATERIAL AVAILABILITY FOR COMPOUND FEED BY 2020
- MARKET SURVEY
- PRESENT STATUS OF THE CATTLE FEED INDUSTRY
- DEMAND
- ESTIMATING DEMAND ON THE BASIS OF PAST EXPERIENCE
- ESTIMATION OF DEMAND ON THE BASIS OF VARIOUS MACROS
- FACTORS
- CONCLUSION
- ADDRESSES OF PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF LIQUID CALCIUM FOR CATTLE FEED & MINERAL MIXTURE
- CATTLE FEED
- PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR CATTLE FEED
- FORMULATION OF LIQUID CALCIUM (LIQUID FEED)
- FORMULATION OF MINERAL MIXTURE WITHOUT SALT FOR DAIRY FEED (ANIMALS)
- FORMULATION OF MINERAL MIXTURE
- RATE OF FEEDING MINERAL MIXTURE TO DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF ANIMAL
- METHOD OF FEEDING MINERAL MIXTURE
- FORMULATION OF LIQUID CALCIUM
- FORMULATION OF LIQUID CALCIUM
- FORMULATION OF LIQUID CALCIUM
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF LIQUID CALCIUM
- TECHNOLOGY FOR MAKING LIQUID FEEDS
- BASIC COLLOIDAL CHEMISTRY
- EQUIPMENT FOR LFS MANUFACTURE
- TIPS FOR HIGH-QUALITY PRODUCTS
- MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS AND THEIR MINERAL COMPOSITION
- PROCESS FOR MINERAL MIXTURE IN DETAILS
- CLEANING PROCEDURE
- DETAILS OF MAJOR EQUIPMENTS FOR MINERAL MIXTURE
- BALL MILL
- INTAKE INCLINED SCREW CONVEYOR
- RIBBON MIXER
- SILO INCLINED SCREW CONVEYOR
- STORAGE SILO
- START UP & SHUT DOWN PROCEDURE
- BALL MILL
- METHOD OF PREPARING LIQUID FEED SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING CALCIUM CHLORIDE
- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- EXAMPLE-1
- TABLE 1
- EXAMPLE 2
- THE FOLLOWING LIQUID FEED SUPPLEMENTS WERE PREPARED AND EVALUATED
- TABLE-II
- EXAMPLE 3
- TABLE III
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR LIQUID CALCIUM CHLORIDE
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF MINERAL MIXTURE
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR MINERAL MIXTURE
- TESTING METHOD OF MINERAL MIXTURE FOR SUPPLEMENTING CATTLE FEED
- 1. SCOPE
- 2. TYPES
- 3. INGREDIENTS
- 4. DESCRIPTION
- 5. REQUIREMENTS
- 6. PACKING AND MARKING
- TABLE 1 REQUIREMENT FOR MINERAL MIXTURES FOR SUPPLEMENTING CATTLE FEEDS -- IS 1664: 2002 CLAUSE 6.3
- INGREDIENTS FOR MINERAL MIXTURES
- RAW MATERIAL REQUIRED/MONTHS
- LIQUID CALCIUM
- MINERAL MIXTURE
- PLANT LAYOUT
- ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS
- CANE MOLASSES
- ANIMAL FAT
- CALCIUM CHLORIDE
- AMMONIUM SULPHATE
- ADDRESSES OF PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
- MIXERS
- PULVERIZER
- VIBRATING SCREEN
- FILLING MACHINE
- LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENTS
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Mineral mixture helps supplement essential minerals that may be deficient in the regular cattle ration. Dairy animals require minerals for bone development, metabolic functions, reproduction, growth, and productive performance. The report covers mineral salts with active elements, the functions of different minerals, formulations, feeding rates, and methods of feeding mineral mixtures. Proper supplementation should be based on the animal's nutritional requirements and the composition of the overall ration.
Compound cattle feed can contain a combination of crop-based ingredients, agro-industrial by-products, fodder materials, mineral supplements, and other nutritional ingredients. The exact formulation depends on the nutritional requirements of the target animal and the availability and quality of raw materials. The report specifically discusses the main ingredients of cattle feed used in India, alternative feed sources, crop residues, green fodder management, mineral mixtures, and liquid feed formulations.
Poor-quality crop residues can be improved through physical processing and suitable nutritional fortification. The report highlights chopping and fortification with urea, molasses, and mineral mixture as methods that can improve nutritive value and palatability. Proper treatment and ration balancing can increase the usefulness of materials such as straws and stovers. Their suitability should nevertheless be assessed according to animal requirements, ingredient quality, and appropriate feed-management practices.
Liquid calcium feed supplements provide a convenient means of incorporating calcium into animal feeding programs. Calcium is an important mineral for skeletal development, metabolic functions, and normal physiological performance. The report includes formulations of liquid calcium, manufacturing processes, technology for making liquid feeds, equipment requirements, and methods for preparing liquid feed supplements containing calcium chloride. Product formulation and feeding should be designed with consideration of the animal's total dietary mineral requirements.
Mineral mixture manufacturing requires equipment for size reduction, conveying, mixing, storage, screening, and packaging. The report identifies major equipment including a ball mill, intake inclined screw conveyor, ribbon mixer, silo inclined screw conveyor, storage silo, pulverizer, vibrating screen, and filling machine. Laboratory testing equipment is also included for quality control. The specific equipment configuration depends on the formulation, required production capacity, material characteristics, and desired level of process automation.
Balanced nutrition is essential for high-yielding dairy animals to express their genetic production potential while maintaining growth, reproduction, and overall physiological performance. The report explains that inadequate nutrients can limit the productive capacity of cattle and buffaloes. A suitable ration may combine quality fodder, concentrates, mineral supplementation, and appropriately utilized agro-industrial by-products. Feed digestibility must also be considered in relation to the animal's intake capacity and nutritional requirements.
Preserving fodder as hay or silage helps maintain a supply of forage for periods when fresh green fodder is less available. The report recommends preserving good-quality forage to provide feed during lean periods. Effective forage preservation can support more consistent feeding and reduce dependence on seasonally available green fodder. The quality of the harvested forage, preservation method, storage conditions, and subsequent feeding practices all influence the nutritional value of the preserved material.
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