MANUFACTURING OF CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID (CNA)
(EIRI/EDPR/4865)
Industry Overview
Nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis or spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosive mineral acid and a powerful oxidizing agent. Pure nitric acid is a colorless liquid that may gradually develop a yellow tint during storage because of the accumulation of nitrogen oxides. Commercial nitric acid is commonly available at concentrations ranging from 55% to 70%, while higher concentrations are classified as fuming nitric acid. Naturally, nitric acid occurs only in the form of nitrate salts.
The history of nitric acid dates back to the work of the alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber), while Johann Rudolf Glauber later developed a process using the distillation of saltpeter with sulfuric acid. Modern industrial production is primarily based on the Ostwald process, developed by Wilhelm Ostwald in 1901, in which ammonia is oxidized over a platinum catalyst to produce nitrogen oxides that are subsequently absorbed in water to form nitric acid.
Nitric acid is an essential industrial chemical used extensively in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate fertilizers, adipic acid for Nylon-6,6 production, nitrobenzene for aniline manufacture, explosives, polyurethane, polyamide, and oxidizers for liquid-fueled rockets. It also serves important laboratory functions, including chemical analysis, synthesis, and metal etching. Nitrate salts derived from nitric acid are widely used in fertilizers and various chemical applications. According to the report, global demand is supported by fertilizer, chemical, mining, pharmaceutical, and manufacturing industries, with India experiencing significant growth driven by industrial expansion and increasing downstream chemical demand.
Cost Estimation
| Particular | Value |
|---|---|
| Rated Plant capacity | 400 MTPD/Day |
| Land & Building (20 Acres) | Rs. 19.33 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 120.90 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Month | Rs. 55.65 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 210.33 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 11% |
| Break Even Point | 72% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- NITRIC ACID PROPERTIES
- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- USES & APPLICATIONS OF NITRIC ACID
- LABORATORY USES
- USES OF INTERMEDIATES AND BYPRODUCTS
- GRADES OF NITRIC ACID
- LIST OF RAW MATERIALS
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
- GLOBAL MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW
- DOMESTIC ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
- MARKET SURVEY
- WORLD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS
- TOP MARKET PRODUCERS
- MAJOR PRODUCERS IN GLOBAL MARKET
- MAJOR PRODUCERS IN DOMESTIC MARKET
- TECHNOLOGY PROVIDERS
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- WASTE MANAGEMENT
- ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
- KEY REGULATIONS AND POLICIES
- EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR LAWS
- GENERAL CORPORATE
- ENVIORNMENTAL LAWS/LEGISLATIONS
- FOREIGN LAWS
- PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
- PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
- EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
- UTILITIES
- CNA PLANT & MACHINE MANUFACTURERS
- SUPPLIERS OF PRECISION MEASURING TOOLS
- AIR COMPRESSOR MANUFACTURERS
- FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENTS MANUFACTURERS & SUPPLIERS
- WEIGHING BREIDGE MANUFACTURER
- WEIGHING MACHINES
- LABORATORTY EQUIPMENTS MANUFACTURERS
- D.G. SET MANUFACTURERS & SUPPLIERS
- ELECRICAL GOOD & SWITCH MANUFACTURE
- ETP MANUFACTURERES
- MANUFACTURER/Suppliers of Silo
- SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWER
- SUPPLIERS OF CONDENSER
- SUPPLIERS OF DISTILLATION COLUMN
- SUPPLIERS OF SCRUBBER
- DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR LICENSES
- PROCESSES AND COMPLIANCES
- SETTING UP BUSINESS IN INDIA- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
- SETTING UP BUSINESS IN INDIA-PROCESSES/COMPLIANCES
- PLANT MATERIAL BALANCE
- BROWNFIELD PLANT LAYOUT DESIGN STRATEGY
- ADDRESSES OF RELEVANT GOVERNMENT OFFICES
- ADDRESSES OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
- GREEN ENERGY /SOLAR ENERGY PLANT DETAILS
- ORGANIZATION CHART
- IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
- PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 12 MONTHS
- SWOT ANALYSIS
- ENVOIRMENT CLERANCE CONSULTANTS
- CHEMICAL CONSULTANT FOR SETTING OF PROJECT
- PRODUCT PHOTOGRAPHS
- GLOBALLY NITRIC ACID KEY PLAYERS
- EXECUTIVE COSTING SUMMARY
- CONCLUSION
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Nitric acid is primarily used as a raw material for manufacturing fertilizers and industrial chemicals. It plays a critical role in producing ammonium nitrate, adipic acid, nitrobenzene, explosives, and several nitrate salts. In addition to large-scale chemical manufacturing, it is widely used in laboratories for analytical work, synthesis, and metal etching because of its strong acidic and oxidizing properties.
Nitric acid is mainly produced through the Ostwald process. In this process, ammonia is oxidized over a platinum catalyst to form nitrogen oxides, which are then absorbed in water to produce nitric acid. This technology is the standard commercial manufacturing route because it offers high efficiency, reliable product quality, and large-scale production capability.
The fertilizer industry is the largest consumer of nitric acid. Significant demand also comes from manufacturers of explosives, nylon intermediates, pharmaceuticals, dyes, specialty chemicals, mining products, and metallurgical applications. Laboratory and research institutions also use nitric acid for chemical analysis and material preparation.
Nitric acid is considered a strong oxidizing agent because it readily accepts electrons during chemical reactions. This property enables it to react with many metals and organic compounds while supporting numerous industrial synthesis processes. Its oxidizing behavior also makes it valuable in chemical manufacturing and laboratory applications.
Nitric acid must be handled using appropriate chemical safety practices. Personnel should wear suitable protective equipment, use corrosion-resistant storage systems, provide adequate ventilation, and follow established handling procedures. Proper spill response, waste management, and environmental controls are essential because nitric acid is highly corrosive and reactive.
Nitric acid is used to manufacture numerous downstream products. These include ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, adipic acid, oxalic acid, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, barium nitrate, nitrobenzene, and various NP, NK, and NPK fertilizers. Its versatility makes it one of the most important industrial inorganic acids.
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