Industry Overview
India is one of the world's largest producers of fruits and vegetables, yet significant post-harvest losses reduce their effective availability and value. Perishable produce can deteriorate rapidly after harvesting because of inadequate cooling, storage, handling, and distribution infrastructure. Cold storage and cold-chain facilities can reduce the risk of distress sales, extend shelf life, preserve quality, and provide farmers with greater flexibility in marketing high-value horticultural produce.
A multi-commodity cold storage facility is designed to accommodate different fruits, vegetables, and other horticultural products under appropriate temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric conditions. Depending on the commodity and requirement, pre-cooling, room cooling, or forced-air cooling may be employed to remove field heat efficiently. Multiple chambers allow products with different storage requirements and compatibility characteristics to be stored appropriately.
The proposed project in Manipur is intended to provide multi-product refrigerated storage, including facilities for off-season storage of fruits and vegetables and potatoes. Such infrastructure can support better post-harvest management, improve product availability, reduce spoilage, and contribute to greater market-price stability. The facility can serve horticulture farmers, food-processing businesses, retailers, exporters, and other users requiring controlled storage conditions.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 5000 MT/Day |
| Land & Building (8000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 3.63 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 2.70 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 16 Lac |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 6.75 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 35% |
| Break Even Point | 47% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- BASED ON THEIR THERMAL INCOMPATIBILITY THE PRODUCE IS CLASSIFIED INTO:
- PROPOSED LOCATION
- PROJECT LOACTION: MANIPUR
- HER FOLK DANCES REVEAL THE MYTHOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF CREATION OF MANIPUR.
- CLIMATE
- ECONOMY
- AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHING
- TRANSPORTATION
- BY AIR TO IMPHAL
- BY BUS TO IMPHAL
- BY TRAIN TO IMPHAL
- CONCEPT OF THE PROJECT
- LAYOUT
- BASIC DESIGN
- GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT PRE-COOLING
- PRE-COOLING-
- COMPATIBILITY GROUPS FOR STORAGE OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
- COMMODITY STORAGE CONDITIONS-
- METHODS OF STORAGE FOR FRUITS & VEGETABLES
- STORAGE OF FOODS AND STORAGE CONDITIONS
- DESIRED STORAGE ENVIRONMENT OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
- RIPENING ROOMS
- CALCIUM CARBIDE RIPENING IS HARMFUL CAN CAUSE CANCER
- EQUIPMENT LAYOUT OF RIPENING ROOM
- STORAGE OF POTATO
- FOLLOWING ARE THE REQUISITES FOR EFFICIENT POTATO STORAGE:
- HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS
- EQUIPMENT & MACHINERY LIST
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- MARKET SURVEY
- WHY INDIA FOR COLD CHAIN?
- COLD CHAIN PROJECTS ASSISTED BY MOFPI
- CURRENTLY 68% OF EXISTING COLD STORAGE CAPACITY IS USED FOR POTATO AND YET FARMERS AREN'T GETTING THE RIGHT PRICE. THE SITUATION IN OTHER COMMODITIES NO BETTER
- CURRENT MARKET TRENDS
- DEFYING THE STORAGE CHALLENGES
- GROWTH OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE DUE TO TRADE LIBERALIZATION
- HIGH ENERGY & INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
- KEY MARKET PLAYERS
- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS:
- SWOT ANALYSIS
- STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES
- WEAKNESSES AND THREATS
- LAYOUT
- MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
- STORAGE PHOTOGRAPHS
- PHOTOGRAPHS OF MULTI COMMODITIES PRODUCT
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
A multi-commodity cold storage facility stores different fruits, vegetables, and horticultural products under suitable controlled conditions. Unlike single-commodity facilities, it can have multiple chambers operated at different temperatures and humidity levels. This allows products with different storage requirements to be handled separately while improving utilization of the refrigeration infrastructure. Proper segregation is important because commodities may differ in temperature tolerance, relative humidity requirements, odour sensitivity, and sensitivity to gases such as ethylene.
Cold storage helps preserve the quality and extend the marketable life of perishable fruits and vegetables. Lower temperatures can reduce respiratory activity, slow enzymatic degradation, reduce water loss and wilting, and inhibit the growth of many decay-producing microorganisms. Refrigerated storage also gives producers and traders greater flexibility in deciding when to market their produce. This can reduce pressure to sell immediately after harvest and help maintain availability during periods when fresh production is lower.
Pre-cooling is the rapid removal of field heat from freshly harvested produce before or during refrigerated storage. It is particularly important for commodities that deteriorate quickly when their harvesting temperature is maintained for an extended period. Techniques can include room cooling and forced-air cooling, depending on the commodity and operating requirements. Forced-air cooling can provide faster cooling by directing cold air through the produce rather than merely circulating it around storage containers, making it useful where rapid removal of field heat is required.
Storage temperature requirements depend on the specific fruit or vegetable and its sensitivity to cold. The report groups produce into broad ranges including 0-4°C for most perishable products that are not sensitive to cold, 4-8°C for produce moderately sensitive to cold, and above 8°C for produce sensitive to cold. Examples include apples and grapes in the lower range, mangoes and oranges in the moderate range, and bananas and pineapples among cold-sensitive products. Correct temperature selection is essential to avoid quality deterioration and chilling injury.
Different fruits and vegetables can be stored in the same facility only when their storage requirements and compatibility characteristics are suitable. Commodities should be evaluated for temperature, relative humidity, odour, ethylene sensitivity, atmospheric requirements, and other potential interactions. The report notes that some combinations are compatible while others should be separated. Multi-commodity facilities therefore use multiple chambers or suitable storage compartments to maintain the required conditions and prevent cross-effects that could reduce product quality.
Post-harvest cooling primarily helps remove field heat and slow the processes responsible for deterioration. Proper cooling can reduce respiratory activity and enzymatic degradation, minimize internal water loss and wilting, slow the growth of decay-producing microorganisms, and reduce the production of ethylene associated with ripening. It can also extend the period available for transportation, storage, processing, and marketing. As a result, producers can have greater flexibility in assembling shipments and supplying markets without being forced to sell all produce immediately after harvesting.
Common cold storage categories include bulk cold stores, multi-purpose cold stores, small cold stores with pre-cooling facilities, frozen food stores, mini or walk-in cold stores, and controlled-atmosphere stores. Bulk stores generally focus on a single commodity, while multi-purpose facilities are designed to handle a variety of products throughout the year. Other specialized facilities serve applications such as freezing and storing fish, meat, poultry, dairy products, processed foods, or commodities requiring controlled atmospheric conditions.
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