Industry Overview
Lime is a calcium-based inorganic material primarily composed of calcium oxide (quicklime) and calcium hydroxide (hydrated or slaked lime). Derived mainly from limestone and chalk, lime has been used since prehistoric times for construction, engineering, and industrial applications due to its excellent binding and adhesive properties. Historically, it has played a significant role in the production of mortar, concrete, cement, and other building materials, while also serving as an important chemical feedstock and a refining agent in industries such as sugar processing and wastewater treatment.
Lime is produced by extracting limestone from quarries or mines and subjecting carefully selected stone to calcination at approximately 1,000°C in specialized lime kilns. This process converts calcium carbonate into quicklime, which can subsequently be hydrated by adding water to produce slaked or hydrated lime. Depending on the quantity of water used during hydration, the product may be obtained either as dry hydrated lime or as lime putty.
Limestone used in the lime industry generally contains 80% or more calcium or magnesium carbonates and is classified according to its chemical composition, including high-calcium, dolomitic, argillaceous, siliceous, and other varieties. Beyond construction, lime is widely used in masonry, whitewashing, environmental treatment, and numerous industrial processes. Its versatility, alkaline nature, and chemical reactivity continue to make it an essential raw material across multiple sectors.
Cost Estimation
| Particular | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 300 MT/Day |
| Land & Building (20,000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 10.87 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 47.97 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 1.67 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 61.16 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 32% |
| Break Even Point | 51% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- CYCLE
- IT IS AVAILABLE IN THREE FORMS:
- CLASSIFICATION OF QUICKLIME
- (A) ACCORDING TO PARTICLE SIZE:
- (B) ACCORDING TO CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
- (C) ACCORDING TO USE:
- PROPERTIES OF QUICK LIME
- LIME AND ITS PRODUCTION
- LIME BURNING
- LIME SLAKING
- LIME CARBONATION
- TYPES OF LIMES
- 1. QUICK LIME
- 2. SLAKED LIME
- 3. FAT LIME
- 4. HYDRAULIC LIME
- CLASS A – EMINENTLY HYDRAULIC
- CLASS B – SEMI HYDRAULIC
- CLASS C – NON-HYDRAULIC (OR FAT LIME)
- FACTORS AFFECTS THE QUALITY OF QUICK LIME
- 1. NATURAL LIMESTONE
- A. IMPURITIES
- B. CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF STONE
- C. DENSITY OF LIMESTONE AND CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE
- 2. CALCINATION PROCESS
- A. KILN TEMPERATURE
- B. RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE
- C. RETENTION IN THE KILN
- D. CO2 CONCENTRATION IN KILN
- E. PHYSICAL SIZE OF LIMESTONE/TYPES OF KILNS
- F. TYPE OF FUEL USED
- G. PRE-HEATING AND COOLING
- 3. METHOD OF STORAGE OF LIME (CAO)
- 4. SIZE CLASSIFICATION
- 5. METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION
- 6. METHOD OF STORAGE AT THE SITE
- SPECIFICATIONS OF QUICK LIME FOR CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
- USES AND APPLICATION
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- MARKET POSITION
- THE GLOBAL LIME MARKET HAS BEEN SEGMENTED AS FOLLOWS:
- LIME MARKET: PRODUCT TYPE ANALYSIS
- LIME MARKET: END-USE ANALYSIS
- LIME MARKET: REGIONAL ANALYSIS
- GLOBAL LIME MARKET: SNAPSHOT
- QUICK LIME TO REMAIN POPULAR OVER FORECAST PERIOD
- PRODUCTION OF LIME STONE IN INDIA
- EXPORT DATA OF QUICK LIME
- IMPORT DATA OF QUICK LIME
- MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF QUICK LIME
- OVERVIEW OF LIMESTONE IN INDIA
- RESOURCES
- PRODUCTION AND STOCKS
- LIMESTONE
- RESERVES/RESOURCES OF LIMESTONE AS ON 01.04.2015 (BY GRADES/STATES)
- RESERVES/RESOURCES OF MARL AS ON 01.04.2015 (BY GRADES/STATES)
- PRODUCTION OF LIMESTONE, 2014-15 TO 2016 -17 (BY STATES)
- PRODUCTION OF LIMESTONE, 2015-16 AND 2016-17 (BY FREQUENCY GROUPS)
- PRINCIPAL PRODUCERS OF LIMESTONE
- PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF LIME MANUFATURING
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR LIME MANUFACTURING.
- EMISSIONS AND CONTROLS
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF QUICK LIME & SLAKED LIME
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF QUICK LIME/SLAKED LIME
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF QUICK LIME IN DETAILS
- QUICK LIME PROCESSES MAINLY CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING BASIC STEPS
- 1. PROCUREMENT OF RAW MATERIAL (LIME STONE)
- 2. LIME STONE STORAGE AND PREPARATION
- 3. CRUSHING PROCESS OF RAW MATERIAL
- 4. SCREENING PROCESS
- 5. WASHING PROCESS
- 6. STORAGE OF LIME STONE
- 7. FUEL STORAGE AND PREPARATION
- 8. CALCINATION PROCESS
- HIGH-CALCIUM LIME
- DOLOMITIC LIME
- HEAT TRANSFER IN LIME BURNING CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE STAGES:
- (A) SHAFT KILNS
- CHARGING OF RAW MATERIAL
- DRAWING OF LIME
- STILL MORE SOPHISTICATED DRAWING MECHANISMS ARE USED, SUCH AS
- THIS DESIGN IS USED ON SOME MIXED-FEED KILNS.
- COMBUSTION
- TYPES OF SHAFT KILN
- I) MIXED-FEED SHAFT KILN
- II) DOUBLE-INCLINED SHAFT KILN
- III) THE MULTI-CHAMBER SHAFT KILN
- IV) ANNULAR SHAFT KILN
- V) PARALLEL-FLOW REGENERATIVE KILN
- THE METHOD OF OPERATION DESCRIBED ABOVE INCORPORATES TWO KEY PRINCIPLES:
- (B) ROTARY KILNS
- I) LONG ROTARY KILN
- II) PREHEATER ROTARY KILN
- 9. GRINDING PROCESS OF QUICK LIME
- 10. TESTING
- 11. STORAGE AND HANDLING OF QUICK LIME
- STORAGE
- HANDLING
- LIME STONE AND FACTOR AFFECTING
- THE QUALITY OF QUICKLIME
- PLANT LAYOUT
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- CHINA SUPPLIERS OF ROTARY KILN
- ROTARY KILNS
- COOLING TOWER
- ETP PLANTS
- AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- AIR COMPRESSOR
- PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE
- FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
- SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Lime is a calcium-based industrial material widely used in construction, manufacturing, and environmental applications.
It is primarily available as quicklime and hydrated lime, both produced from limestone through calcination and hydration processes. Its chemical reactivity, binding properties, and alkaline nature make it valuable for cement production, masonry, wastewater treatment, metallurgy, sugar refining, and numerous other industrial processes.
Quicklime is manufactured by calcining limestone in high-temperature lime kilns.
Limestone containing high levels of calcium carbonate is quarried, crushed, and heated to approximately 1,000°C. This thermal process removes carbon dioxide and converts the stone into calcium oxide. The resulting quicklime may be supplied directly or further processed to produce hydrated lime.
Quicklime is calcium oxide, while hydrated lime is calcium hydroxide produced by adding water to quicklime.
Quicklime is highly reactive and caustic, whereas hydrated lime is comparatively safer to handle and commonly used in construction, water treatment, and chemical processing. The hydration process, known as slaking, determines the final form and application of the product.
The quality of quicklime depends on both raw material characteristics and manufacturing conditions.
Important factors include limestone purity, impurities, crystalline structure, kiln temperature, heating rate, retention time, carbon dioxide concentration, limestone size, fuel type, cooling practices, storage methods, transportation, and handling before use.
Lime is used across construction, chemical, environmental, and manufacturing industries.
Typical applications include cement and mortar production, masonry work, whitewashing, wastewater treatment, sugar refining, chemical manufacturing, and other industrial processes that require alkaline materials or calcium-based compounds.
Selecting suitable limestone is essential because it directly affects process efficiency and product quality.
Limestone with high calcium or magnesium carbonate content and appropriate physical characteristics produces better-quality lime during calcination. Variations in composition, impurities, and stone structure can influence kiln performance and the properties of the finished product.
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