Industry Overview
RCC Hume pipes are reinforced concrete pipes manufactured using Portland cement, sand, aggregate, steel rods and wires as reinforcement. The report specifies a concrete material proportion of 1:2:5:2.5 and describes pipes manufactured in diameters ranging from 300 mm to 2200 mm or more. These pipes are widely used for irrigation, culvert construction, sewerage, drainage, road and highway works, and water supply applications. Their smooth internal surface supports the transportation of water, sewerage, effluents and other liquid slurries, while proper jointing and sealing help prevent seepage and leakage.
The manufacturing process involves placing a concentrically positioned steel reinforcement cage inside a pipe mould and charging premixed concrete through the open ends. The moulds are rotated during casting to form the pipe. RCC Hume pipes offer good load-bearing capacity and can be installed either underground or above ground, subject to appropriate design and installation practices. The report refers to IS: 458-1971 for pipe testing and specifications. NP2 and NP3 classes are generally manufactured using Hume pipe manufacturing machines, while heavy-duty NP4 pipes may be produced using a vertical manufacturing process. The report also associates the Indian Hume pipe manufacturing sector with growth in construction, infrastructure and power-sector activity.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 100 Mtrs./Day |
| Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 2.11 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 41 Lacs |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 52 Lacs |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 3.22 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 41% |
| Break Even Point | 52% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- USES AND APPLICATION
- HUME PIPE SPECIFICATION AND LAYING GUIDELINES
- CLASS
- DENSITY
- LENGTH
- DIAMETER OF RCC HUME PIPE
- JOINTS
- DESIGN
- HUME PIPE SELECTION AND LAYING GUIDELINES
- RCC HUME PIPES
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF PRE CAST CONCRETE PIPE
- SCOPE
- NOIES
- 2 REFERENCES
- 3 TERMONOLOGY
- CLASSIFICATION
- 5 MATERIALS
- 5.2 CEMENT
- NOTES
- 5.3 AGGREGATES
- 5.4 REINFORCEMENT
- 5.5 CONCRETE OR MORTAR
- 5.6 RUBBER RING
- 5.7 WATER
- 5.8 CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES
- 6.1 GENERAL
- 6.1.2.1 LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT
- 6.2 REINFORCEMENT
- 6.3 ENDS OF PIPES
- NUTS
- 6.4 COVER
- 7 MANUFACTURES
- 7.1 GENERAL
- 7.2 CONCRETE MIXING AND PLACING
- 7.3 REINFORCEMENT CAGES
- 8 DIMENSIONS
- 8.1 PIPES
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF HUME PIPES
- REINFORCED CONCRETE CULVERT AND DRAINAGE PIPES:
- TESTING:
- 1 HP REINFORCED CONCRETE CULVERT
- REINFORCED CONCRETE CULVERT AND DRAINAGE PIPES
- REINFORCED CONCRETE PRESSURE PIPES
- GENERAL
- SPECIFICATIONS
- NOMINAL EFFECTIVE LENGTHS:
- RAW MATERIALS & THEIR TREATMENT
- AGGREGATES
- 1. COARSE AGGREGATES
- MANUFACTURED SAND
- LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATES
- ADMIXTURES
- WATER REDUCERS
- OPPORTUNITIES IN CONCRETE PIPE MANUFACTURE
- CONCRETE PIPE MARKET BY APPLICATION:
- CONCRETE PIPE MARKET BY PRODUCT:
- CONCRETE PIPE MARKET BY DIAMETER:
- CONCRETE PIPE MARKET BY PRESSURE RATING:
- CONSTRUCTION SCENARIO IN NEPAL
- CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN NEPAL
- CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS
- IMPACT OF COVID -19 ON CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN NEPAL
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF RCC HUME PIPES
- CONCRETE PIPE AND ITS MANUFACTURE
- PRESTENSIONING CONCRETE
- 2. CASTING BEDS
- FORMING
- GRADES OF CONCRETE:-
- COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH MAINLY GOVERNS THE MIX DESIGN.
- UPTO M15 GRADES ARE LOW STRENGTH CONCRETE
- PROPERTIES
- PIPES OF LENGTHS 3 M & 4 M HAVE THE REINFORCEMENT AS BELOW:-
- A) LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT:-
- B) CIRCUMFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT:
- THE PITCH OF CIR. REINFORCEMENT SHOULD NOT BE MORE THAN:-
- ENDS OF PIPES
- TABLE 1 DESIGN AND STRENGTH TEST REQUIREMENTS OF CONCRETE PIPES OF CLASS NPI UNREINFORCED NON-PRESSURE PIPES
- TABLE 2 DESIGN AND STRENGTH TEST REQUIREMENTS OF CONCRETE PIPES OF CLASS NP2 REINFORCED CONCRETE, LIGHT-DUTY, NON-PRESSURE PIPES
- TABLES SPIGOT AND SOCKET DIMENSIONS OF NPI CLASS PIPES
- ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS
- VERY HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE
- PROPERTIES
- CONCLUSIONS
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF CEMENT
- ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT (OPC)
- PORTLAND POZZOLANA CEMENT (PPC)
- PORTLAND SLAG CEMENT (PSC)
- HIGH-STRENGTH ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT (HSOPC)
- SULPHATE RESISTING CEMENT (SRC)
- RAPID-HARDENING PORTLAND CEMENT (RHPC)
- LOW-HEAT PORTLAND CEMENT (LHPC)
- WHITE PORTLAND CEMENT (WPC)
- HYDROPHOBIC PORTLAND CEMENT (HPC)
- OIL WELL CEMENT (OWC)
- REGULATED SET CEMENT (RSC)
- EXPANSIVE CEMENT (EC)
- SUPERSULPHATE CEMENT (SSC)
- MASONRY CEMENT (MC)
- HIGH ALUMINA CEMENT (HAC)
- ADMIXTURES FOR CONCRETE - AN OVERVIEW
- CLASSIFICATION
- COMPOSITION AND USAGE
- TABLE 1 TYPE, MODE OF ACTION, AND USE OF ADMIXTURES
- SOME DOS AND DON'TS
- SELECTION OF A WATER REDUCING ADMIXTURE
- CONCLUSION
- TABLE 2 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF ADMIXTURES
- H2O THE FOURTH INGREDIENT OF CONCRETE
- TESTS FOR QUALITY OF WATER
- THEY ENTAIL:
- EFFECTS OF IMPURITIES IN MIXING WATER ON CONCRETE
- SEA WATER
- ACIDIC WATERS
- ALKALINE WATERS
- INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATERS
- WATERS CARRYING SANITARY SEWAGE
- SUGAR
- OILS
- ALGAE
- PROCESSING DETAILS RCC HUME PIPE
- CONCRETE MIXING, FEEDING & CURING
- WORKING PRINCIPLE OF HUME PIPE MANUFACTURING
- RAW MATERIAL:
- ASSEMBLING OF MOULDS:
- MIXING OF CONCRETE:
- THE SPINNING OF MOULD:
- DEMOULDING:
- CURING:
- TEST & DISPATCH:
- INSTALLATION OF RCC HUME PIPES
- INSTALLATION OF PIPES
- TRENCH PREPARATION
- THE FOUNDATION
- BEDDING MATERIALS
- CONCRETE CRADLE BEDDING:
- (REINFORCED OR PLAIN CONCRETE)
- FIRST CLASS BEDDING:
- (GRANULAR MATERIAL)
- ORDINARY BEDDING:
- (NATURAL SOIL OF TRENCH)
- BEDDING PROCEDURE
- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
- INTRODUCTION
- PROJECT HANDLING
- PROJECT SCHEDULING
- PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
- TIME SCHEDULE
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- COMPLETE PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS FOR RCC HUME PIPES
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANTS & MACHINERY
- SUPPLIERS OF HUME PIPE MAKING MACHINERY
- SUPPLIERS OF CONCRETE MIXER
- SUPPLIERS OF WATER TANKS
- SUPPLIERS OF LATHE MACHINES
- SUPPLIERS OF DRILLING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF GRINDERS
- SUPPLIERS OF MILLING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- CEMENT MANUFACTURERS
- SUPPLIERS OF RIVER SAND
- SUPPLIERS OF M.S. WIRE
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
RCC Hume pipes are primarily used for water supply, irrigation, sewerage, drainage, culverts, roads and highway infrastructure. Their reinforced concrete construction provides suitable load-bearing performance for many underground and above-ground applications. They can transport water, sewerage, effluents and other liquid slurries, while correctly designed joints and seals help control seepage and leakage. Selection of pipe class, diameter, bedding and installation method should be based on the service conditions and applicable technical requirements.
RCC Hume pipes are manufactured by placing a reinforcement cage concentrically inside a pipe mould and introducing premixed concrete into the mould. The mould is then rotated so that the concrete forms the required pipe body. The general production sequence described in the report includes raw-material preparation, mould assembly, concrete mixing, feeding, mould spinning, demoulding, curing, testing and dispatch. Proper control of reinforcement placement, concrete quality, mould operation and curing is important for producing pipes that meet the required dimensional and strength specifications.
The principal materials are cement, aggregates, water and steel reinforcement, with admixtures or rubber rings used where required by the design and application. The report specifically discusses cement, aggregates, reinforcement, concrete or mortar, rubber rings, water and chemical admixtures. Material quality directly influences concrete performance and finished-pipe durability. Aggregates should be appropriate for concrete production, reinforcement should be correctly fabricated and positioned, and mixing water should be suitable for concrete use. Material selection should follow the applicable project specifications and standards.
RCC Hume pipes are available in different classes according to their intended structural and service requirements. The report identifies NP2 and NP3 as classes normally manufactured using Hume pipe manufacturing machines and describes NP4 as a heavy-duty class produced using a vertical manufacturing process. The report also discusses unreinforced non-pressure and reinforced non-pressure pipe classifications. The appropriate class should be selected according to design loads, installation conditions, hydraulic requirements and the relevant specification rather than simply choosing a class based on pipe diameter.
Curing is essential because it supports cement hydration and helps the concrete develop its required strength and durability. In RCC Hume pipe production, adequate curing follows casting and demoulding and should be controlled according to the concrete mix and manufacturing system. Poor curing can adversely affect concrete strength, surface quality and long-term performance. A controlled curing process, together with suitable materials, accurate batching, proper compaction and quality testing, helps produce consistent pipes suitable for their specified applications.
RCC Hume pipes should be installed on a properly prepared trench, foundation and bedding system appropriate to the site and design conditions. The report covers trench preparation, foundation requirements, bedding materials and bedding procedures, including concrete cradle bedding, first-class granular bedding and ordinary bedding using natural trench soil. Correct alignment, support, jointing and sealing are important to maintain structural and hydraulic performance. Installation practices should be selected according to the pipe class, ground conditions, loading requirements and applicable engineering specifications.
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