Industry Overview
Laterite stones are manually or mechanically cut blocks obtained from quarries or mines containing lateritic crusts. Laterite is a soft rock primarily composed of iron and aluminium oxides. In hot and wet tropical regions, prolonged weathering causes lateritic soil to gradually gain strength and form hard layers that can be cut into blocks of required sizes for building construction.
Bricks and tiles are manufactured from various materials, with clay and allied argillaceous materials being important because of their plasticity. Bricks are among the most durable building materials, with historical examples demonstrating their long-term performance. Building bricks are broadly classified into ordinary building bricks and heavy duty building bricks.
Heavy duty bricks are manufactured from processed clay or blended clays by pressing or extrusion and are properly burnt, soaked, annealed and cooled under controlled conditions. The report covers their classification, quality requirements, dimensions, tolerances, bulk density and testing. It also addresses burnt clay building bricks, laterite red bricks and laterite stone blocks, including their advantages, disadvantages, applications, manufacturing processes, plant and machinery requirements, market conditions and project economics.
Cost Estimation
| Cost Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 3000 Nos./Day |
| Land & Building (13 Acres) | Rs. 7.10 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 7.00 Lac |
| Working Capital for 3 Months | Rs. 27.75 Lac |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 7.49 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 13% |
| Break Even Point | 58% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- HEAVY DUTY BRICKS
- CLASSIFICATION:
- GENERAL QUALITY:
- DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES
- BURNT CLAY BUILDING BRICKS
- CLASSIFICATION
- GENERAL QUALITY
- DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES
- 1A MESUREMENT OF LENGTH
- 1B MEASUREMENT OF WIDTH
- 1C MEASUREMENT OF HEIGHT
- FIG 1: MEASUREMENT OF TOLERANCES OF COMMON BUILDING BRICKS
- PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
- COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:-
- WATER ABSORPTION:-
- EFFORSCENCE:-
- USES AND APPLICATIONS
- CURRENT POSITION OF INDIAN BRICKS AND BLOCK MARKET
- INDIA BRICKS AND BLOCKS MARKET
- BY MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CLAY BRICK (ZIG-ZAG, FCBTK, OTHERS):
- INDIAN BRICKS SECTOR
- OVERVIEW OF COSTRUCTION SECTOR
- 1. HIGH BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR INFRASTRUCTURE
- 2. INCREASING PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT
- 3. IMPROVEMENT IN LOGISTICS
- 4. RISING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) IN THE SECTOR
- ADVANTAGE INDIA
- 1. ROBUST DEMAND
- 2. ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES
- 3. POLICY SUPPORT
- 4. INCREASING INVESTMENT
- PERFORMANCE OF EIGHT CORE INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRIES
- GROWTH IN INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED ACTIVITIES
- STRONG MOMENTUM IN EXPANSION OF ROADWAYS
- STRONG REVENUE GROWTH FOR INDIAN RAILWAYS
- POWER GENERATION CAPACITY HAS INCREASED AT A HEALTHY PACE
- THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PIPELINE (NIP)
- GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
- CONCLUSION
- HOUSE CONSTRUCTION USING LATERITE RED BRICKS
- ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF LATERITE BRICKS
- ADVANTAGES OF LATERITE BRICKS
- DISADVANTAGES OF LATERITE BRICKS
- ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF LATERITE LATERITE STONE BLOCKS
- DISADVANTAGES:
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS
- DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF LATERITE RED STONE
- PROCESS DETAILS OF LATERITE RED STONE CUTTING
- PROCESS FLOW DIEAGRAM OF TYPICAL STONE EXTRACTIONS UNIT
- PROCESS FLOW OF BRICKS CUTTING
- EXTRACTION OF LATERITE BRICKS
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- TECHNICAL CONSULTANT FOR BRICK MAKING PLANT
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Laterite stones are primarily used as building blocks in construction works. They are obtained by cutting hard layers of lateritic material into blocks of required sizes and transporting them for construction. Laterite develops strength through prolonged weathering in hot and wet tropical environments. Their suitability for construction depends on the characteristics of the material, the cutting process, and the intended application.
Heavy duty clay bricks are burnt clay building bricks manufactured to achieve high compressive strength. The report describes heavy duty bricks as having compressive strength over 500 kgf/cm2 and identifies Class 400 and Class 450 designations based on average compressive strength. They may be manufactured by pressing or extrusion using processed clay or suitable clay blends, followed by controlled burning, soaking, annealing and cooling.
Heavy duty bricks should have a uniformly dense structure, proper firing, suitable shape and controlled dimensions. The report specifies that the fractured surface should be free from large voids, laminations and lime particles, while the bricks should produce a clear metallic ring when struck together. Subclass A bricks should have smooth rectangular faces, sharp corners and uniform colour, whereas Subclass B permits some distortion and rounded edges where these do not interfere with laying uniform courses.
Burnt clay building bricks are produced by moulding suitable soils into the required shape and then firing them to develop the necessary properties. The report states that common burnt clay bricks may be hand-moulded or machine-moulded and should be made from suitable soils. Good-quality bricks should be free from cracks, flaws and nodules of free lime. Manufacturing controls influence dimensional consistency, strength, durability and the final quality of the bricks.
Important factors include the availability and quality of laterite deposits, extraction conditions, block cutting requirements, plant and machinery, material handling, labour, utilities and market demand. A project assessment should also consider the suitability of the finished blocks for intended construction applications and the consistency of production. The report additionally covers demand and supply, present manufacturers, process details, equipment suppliers and technical consultancy for the proposed industry.
The reported plant capacity is 3000 Nos./Day. This figure is presented in the project's cost estimation section and should be treated as the capacity specified in the report. Actual achievable production can depend on factors such as equipment configuration, raw material characteristics, operating schedules, labour availability, maintenance and process efficiency. The report also includes sections covering plant and machinery and process details relevant to production operations.
The report covers technical, market, construction-sector and economic aspects of the brick and laterite block industry. In addition to manufacturing processes and quality requirements, it discusses applications, advantages and disadvantages, the Indian bricks and blocks market, construction-sector developments, infrastructure activities, government initiatives, suppliers and technical consultants. Its appendix also identifies project economics, fixed capital, working capital, production cost, turnover, financing resources, depreciation, profit analysis and projected balance sheet information.
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