Industry Overview
Rice is a vital food crop consumed by more than half of the world's population and has gained increasing importance with population growth. It is regarded as one of the earliest cultivated crops in Asia, with preserved rice grains found in China dating to around 3000 B.C. and paddy grains discovered during excavations at Hastinapur, India, dating to approximately 1000-750 B.C.
Two domesticated species are cultivated globally: Oryza sativa, commonly known as Asian rice, and Oryza glaberrima, or African rice. Rice belongs to the genus Oryza, which includes numerous wild relatives and is divided into several species complexes. Oryza sativa is distributed globally, with a particularly high concentration in Asia, while Oryza glaberrima is primarily grown in West Africa.
The origin and domestication of rice have been studied extensively, with evidence and historical theories associating its early cultivation with Asia, including regions around the Eastern Himalayas and southern India. Over centuries, rice spread across Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas, becoming an important agricultural and economic commodity. In the Indian subcontinent, rice occupies a substantial share of cultivated land and forms an essential part of daily diets, particularly in southern and eastern India, while also being widely consumed in northern and central regions.
Cost Estimation
| Particular | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 48 Ton/Day |
| Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 3.38 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 2.01 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 6.38 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 12.63 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 58% |
| Break Even Point | 28% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- ORIGIN OF RICE
- AREA UNDER MAJOR CROPS FROM 1950-51 ONWARDS (IN MILLION HECTARES)
- PRODUCTION OF MAJOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS
- PLANT LOCATION - BHUBANESWAR
- MODERN BHUBANESWAR
- CLIMATE
- METEOROLOGICAL CENTRE, BHUBANESWAR
- TRANSPORTATION
- ADVANTAGE OF RICE
- NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF RICE
- NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CEREALS PER 100 GRAMS
- MEDICINAL VALUE:
- HISTORY OF RICE
- RICE GROWING REGION IN INDIA
- NORTH-EASTERN REGION:
- NORTHERN REGION:
- WESTERN REGION:
- SOUTHERN REGION:
- THE TOP 10 INDIAN STATES ARE:
- 1. WEST BENGAL
- 2. UTTAR PRADESH
- 3. PUNJAB
- FOLLOWING ARE THE STATES WITH THE RICE PRODUCTION (IN MILLION TONNES) AND AREA UNDER RICE CULTIVATION (IN MILLION HECTARES):
- SCIENTIFIC NAME & BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
- SCIENTIFIC NAME
- HABIT AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF RICE
- BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
- THE INDICA TYPE FROM TROPICAL ASIA IS USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY:
- THE JAPONICA TYPE, FROM TEMPERATE & SUBTROPICAL ASIA, IS CHARACTERIZED BY: STRUCTURE OF THE PLANT
- THE PLANT COMPRISES VEGETATIVE ORGANS:
- VEGETATIVE ORGANS
- ROOTS:
- STEMS:
- LEAVES:
- REPRODUCTIVE (FLOWER) ORGANS
- PANICLES:
- FLOWERS:
- GRAIN OR PADDY: THE RICE GRAIN IS COMPOSED OF THREE MAIN PARTS:
- TYPES OF RICE
- HULL –
- BRAN –
- WHITE RICE –
- GERM –
- LENGTH AND SHAPE
- LONG GRAIN RICE –
- MEDIUM GRAIN RICE –
- SHORT GRAIN RICE –
- TEXTURE
- STICKY RICE –
- PARBOILED RICE –
- COLOR
- POLISHED RICE –
- BROWN RICE –
- FORBIDDEN RICE –
- WILD RICE –
- AROMA
- BASMATI RICE –
- JASMINE RICE –
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF RICE AND THEIR USES
- ARBORIO
- BASMATI
- BROWN
- JASMINE
- WHITE
- MARKET POSITION
- INDIA RICE MARKET ANALYSIS
- ENHANCING PRODUCTION CAPACITIES
- GLOBAL RICE MARKET SEGMENTATION:
- SEGMENTATION BY RICE LENGTH:
- SEGMENTATION BY TYPE:
- SEGMENTATION BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL:
- SEGMENTATION BY REGION:
- SOME OF THE KEY PLAYERS IN RICE INDUSTRY ARE:
- GLOBAL RICE MARKET ANALYSIS
- PRODUCTION ANALYSIS IN THE UNITED STATES
- INDIA IS THE LARGEST EXPORTER OF RICE
- OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIAN BASMATI RICE EXPORTS
- GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF RICE HAS SHOWN CONSTANT INCREASE
- OUT OF THE TOTAL RICE CONSUMPTION, GLOBAL BASMATI RICE CONSUMPTION IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE BY 5.7%
- WHAT WOULD DRIVE BASMATI EXPORTS IN 2020
- RISING DISPOSABLE INCOME IS BENEFITING THE BASMATI RICE MARKET
- EXPORT POLICY:
- LIST OF MACHINERY
- DETAILS OF 6 TPH RAW RICE PLANT:
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- RICE MILLING SYSTEMS
- VILLAGE RICE MILLS:
- COMMERCIAL RICE MILLS:
- MILLING PROCESS
- RICE MILLING PROCESS STEP1: CLEANING
- CLEANING MACHINERY
- PRE CLEANER:
- CLASSIFIER:
- DE STONER:
- RICE MILLING PROCESS
- STEP2: DE HUSKING OR DE HULLING
- DE-HUSKING / HULLING MACHINERY
- PNEUMATIC SHELLER
- TRAY SEPARATOR
- HUSK SEPARATOR
- RICE MILLING PROCESS:
- STEP 3: WHITENING OR POLISHING
- RICE MILLING PROCESS:
- STEP 4: GRADING
- GRADING MACHINERY
- ROTARY SIFTER:
- LENGTH GRADER:
- THICKNESS GRADER:
- RICE MILLING PROCESS:
- STEP 5: COLOR SORTING
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
- STORAGE LAYOUT:
- EQUIPMENT LAYOUT:
- SAFETY:
- PLANT EXPANSION:
- FLOOR SPACE:
- UTILITIES SERVICING:
- BUILDING:
- MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT:
- RAILROADS AND ROADS:
- MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:
- PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
- PRIMARY FACTORS
- 1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
- 2. MARKETS:
- 3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
- 4. WATER SUPPLY:
- 5. CLIMATE:
- SPECIFIC FACTORS
- 6. TRANSPORTATION:
- A. AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SERVICES AND PROJECTED RATES
- 7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
- 8. LABOR:
- 9. REGULATORY LAWS:
- 10. TAXES:
- 11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
- 12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
- 13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
- 14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
- EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
- 1. DEPRECIATION:
- 2. FIXED ASSETS:
- 3. WORKING CAPITAL:
- 4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
- 5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
- 6. MARGIN MONEY:
- 7. TOTAL LOAD:
- 8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
- INTRODUCTION
- PROJECT HANDLING
- PROJECT SCHEDULING
- PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
- TIME SCHEDULE
- MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
- RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
- MACHINERY PHOTOGRAPHS
- 6 TON RICE MILL PLANT
- AIR COMPRESSOR
- AUTOMATIC PACKING MACHINE
- COLOR SORTER
- FABRICATION & ERECTION
- PADDY CLEANER
- PLC PANEL
- RAW MATERIALPHOTOGRAPHS
- PRODUCT PHOTOGRAPHS
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
A rice milling plant is an industrial facility that processes paddy into edible rice and related by-products. The process generally involves cleaning, de-husking or de-hulling, separation, whitening or polishing, grading, and color sorting. Depending on the plant configuration, additional systems may be provided for storage, handling, packing, and quality control. Modern commercial rice mills use specialized machinery to improve processing efficiency, product uniformity, and recovery while reducing impurities and unwanted material from the finished rice.
The main steps in rice milling are cleaning, de-husking or de-hulling, whitening or polishing, grading, and color sorting. Cleaning removes foreign materials from incoming paddy, while de-husking separates the husk from the brown rice. Whitening or polishing removes the bran layers to produce the desired rice appearance. Grading separates kernels according to characteristics such as size and thickness, and color sorting helps remove discolored or defective grains. The exact equipment arrangement depends on the required product quality and plant configuration.
A commercial rice mill typically requires equipment for cleaning, de-husking, separation, polishing, grading, sorting, conveying, and packing. The report identifies equipment such as a pre-cleaner, classifier, de-stoner, pneumatic sheller, tray separator, husk separator, rotary sifter, length grader, thickness grader, and color sorter. Supporting systems can include an air compressor, automatic packing machine, PLC panel, material-handling equipment, and fabrication and erection facilities. The final machinery selection should be based on paddy characteristics, desired rice quality, plant capacity, automation requirements, and product specifications.
A rice mill location should provide reliable access to raw materials, markets, power, fuel, water, transportation, labor, and waste-disposal facilities. Site characteristics, climate, regulatory requirements, taxes, community factors, and flood and fire control are also important considerations. Proximity to paddy-producing areas can reduce raw-material transportation requirements, while good road and rail connectivity can support movement of finished products and supplies. The selected site should also provide adequate space for buildings, storage, equipment, utilities, material handling, safety arrangements, and potential future expansion.
A commercial rice mill generally provides a more comprehensive and mechanized processing system than a village rice mill. Commercial facilities can integrate multiple stages such as cleaning, de-husking, separation, whitening, grading, color sorting, and packing into a coordinated production line. Village mills are generally designed for simpler processing requirements and smaller-scale operations. The choice between the two depends on production objectives, investment capacity, required product quality, degree of automation, available raw material, market requirements, and the scale of operation.
The report discusses rice types according to length and shape, texture, color, and aroma. Length categories include long grain, medium grain, and short grain rice. Texture-related categories include sticky and parboiled rice, while color-related categories include polished, brown, forbidden, and wild rice. Aromatic varieties discussed include basmati and jasmine rice. The report also covers commonly recognized types such as Arborio, basmati, brown, jasmine, and white rice, along with their different uses and characteristics.
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